New species of the genera Acronicta Ochsenheimer, 1816 and Craniophora Snellen, 1867 from China with notes on synonymy and checklist (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Acronictinae)
Author
Han, H. L.
School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, CH- 150014 China. E-mail: hanhuilin @ yahoo. com. cn
Author
Kononenko, V. S.
Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Biology and Soil Science Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, RF- 690022 Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: kononenko @ ibss. dvo. ru
text
Zootaxa
2010
2010-11-17
2678
1
48
68
https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2678.1.2
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.2678.1.2
1175-5326
5302352
Acronicta
(
Jocheaera
)
alni
(Linnaeus, 1767)
(
Figs. 3–6
,
8, 10
)
Phalaena alni
(Linnaeus, 1758)
,
Systema Naturae
(Edn 10)
1
: 501 (Type-locality: Europe).
Synonymy
:
degener
[Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775;
intensiva
Draudt, 1937
;
korealni
Bryk, 1948;
italica
Berio, 1961
.
Bionomics.
Meso-hygrophilous species, occurring in various woodland habitats, rather common in valleys with wet deciduous forest. Univoltine. Moths are on the wing June through August. Larvae are polyphagous on trees and shrubs, including
Quercus
,
Alnus
,
Populus
,
Betula
,
Carpinus
,
Corylus
,
Ulmus
,
Sorbus
,
Prunus
,
Malus
,
Pyrus
,
Crataegus
,
Rosa
,
Acer
. Overwinters as pupa.
Distribution
(
Fig. 31
). Eurasian, subboreal.
Russia
to Ural, through S Siberia to the Far East and
Sakhalin
. Europe, Near East, Caucasus,
China
(from North to Central),
Korea
,
Japan
.
Notes.
In the course of identification of a new species we examined all available material of
A. alni
from populations of north and central Europe, Ural, Siberia, Russian Far East,
Korea
,
Japan
, northeast and central
China
. The samples from different and distant populations showed high stability in external appearance and structure of genitalia throughout the entire geographic range. Apparently
A. alni
has a continuous distribution throughout Eurasia. In
China
, the species has been reported from its north, northeast and central provinces, but not recorded in southwest (
Yunnan Prov.
). We believe
A. alni
and the new species
A. naxi
are allopatric. The taxon described from
Korea
as
Acronicta alni korealni
is a synonym of
A. alni
(
Kononenko 1996
)
, not differing from examined specimens from Far Eastern
Russia
, Siberia and Europe (
Figs. 3–6
). The
type
of
Acronicta alni intensiva
described by
Draudt (1950)
from material collected by H. Höne in 1935 ("Nur 1 f vom Tapaishan im Tsiling, Sued-Shensi,
Juni 1935
") (
Draudt 1950
) was not found in the ZFMK. However, we examined
two topotype females
specimens bearing the labels: “Tapaishan im Tsiling Sued-Shensi ca. 3000,
1700m
. 25,
29.vi 1936
H. Höne”. In our opinion these topotype specimens do not differ at the subspecific level from samples from Far East Russian, Siberian, European, north Chinese, Korean and Japanese populations. Consequently, we consider
Acronicta alni intensiva
a synonym of
A. alni
.
We also draw attention here to the manner in which Draudt’s specimen material is labeled and preserved. During the present study, in order to inventory the diversity of
Noctuidae
in
China
, the second author examined the type specimens of the taxa described by
Draudt (1937
,
1950
) in the subfamily
Acronictinae
and other material from
China
in the Höne collection at ZFMK and the
holotype
of
Acronicta cinerascens
Kozhanchikov,
1950
in the collection of ZISP. In his study of noctuids from
China
Draudt (1937
,
1950
) described 24 taxa of
Acronictinae
, including 20 taxa of species rank and 4 of subspecies rank. Draudt did not designate
holotypes
and
paratypes
, and in most cases he reported only locality and collecting data, sometime without year; in some cases (mostly in his 1950 publication) he reported exact number of specimens. The type specimens (mostly for species described in 1950) apparently were designated and indicated in the collection by Draudt as "
Holotype
", "
Allotype
" or "
Paratype
" later on after publication. Among the taxa described by Draudt in 1937, only one was clearly stated in the original description to be based on a single specimen. Therefore most "types" of taxa described by Draudt should be considered
syntypes
except in cases where the new taxon was described from a single specimen. For most taxa, described by Draudt in 1937, the identification label for a series is supplied with an additional museum label "Type verloren" [type lost]. However, because the type material was not clearly indicated, we consider specimens bearing label data corresponding to the locality and year in the original description as plausible
syntypes
, and have used these for lectotypification. True “type” specimens of Draudt usually are supplied with several labels: (1) a printed label with locality data, year, and name of collector; (2) an orange-red handwritten by Draudt label "
Holotype
", "
Allotype
" or "
Paratype
," and name of taxon; (3) a white identification label handwritten by Draudt. Where genitalia have been dissected, another kind of label (e.g., "Preparation No Ho 144 Ch. Boursin") is attached to the specimen.