A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462 Author Hyman, Isabel T. Author Ponder, Winston F. text Zootaxa 2010 2010-05-14 2462 1 1 148 https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2462.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.2462.1.1 1175­5334 5312710 Stanisicarion virens ( Pfeiffer, 1849 ) Figures 5G , 6K , 13J , 18B , 19B , 20B , 21B Vitrina virens Pfeiffer, 1849: 108 ; Reeve, 1962: pl. 3, sp. 14; Cox, 1868: 85–86 , pl. 14, fig. 5, 5a; Pfeiffer, 1876: 26 ; Cox, 1909: 6 . Helicarion virens : Tryon, 1885: 172 , pl. 39, figs 69–71; Hedley, 1888: 49 ; Gabriel, 1930: 85 ; Iredale, 1937c: 8 . Vercularion virens : Iredale, 1941: 6 . Fastosarion virens : Smith, 1992: 232 . FIGURE 18. Reproductive systems. A. Stanisicarion freycineti , AM C 391188. B. Stanisicarion virens , QMMO 19238. C. Eungarion mcdonaldi , AM C 438760. D. Parmacochlea fischeri , AM C 441743. E. Nitor circumcincta , AM C 356607. F. Nitor subrugata , AM C 334537. G. Pravonitor kreffti , AM C 425415. H. Expocystis rustica , AM C 425540. Scale bars 1 mm (E), 2 mm (A–D, G–H), 5 mm (F). Abbreviations: alb, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; c, caecum; ep, epiphallus; fl, flagellum; fov, free oviduct; her, hermaphrodite duct; m, muscle attaching penial sheath to epiphallus (only shown in A); ov, ovotestis; p, penis; pr, prostate; prm, penis retractor muscle; pt, penial sheath; ut, uterus; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens. Material examined. Syntypes : BMNH 197776 (one shell measured, photographed), Australia . Other material: New South Wales : QMMO49380 ( one specimen dissected), Kempsey, W , ca. 10.4km W Toorooka on Toorooka–Willi Willi Rd. ( 30º55' S , 150º30.5' E ), open woodland, under logs, 28 Dec. 1993 , J. Stanisic & J. Chaseling . Queensland : QMMO19234 ( one specimen dissected), Alexandra Hills , Brisbane , suburban garden, under timber and bricks, 2 Jan. 1988 , D. Potter . Description. External morphology : Shell ( Figures 19B , 20B , 21B ) reduced, 3 whorls, light golden brown, spire and apex slightly raised; shape and sculpture as for genus. Animal ( Figures 5G , 6K ) cream with brown colouration above tail and brown stripes and spots on mantle laps and lobes and on sides of foot. Mantle laps wide at base, rounded, tapering slowly to a blunt point, not fused, uniform in colour. Mantle lobes moderately large; left and median lobes fused to form a small lobe over head. Caudal apparatus as for genus; caudal horn moderately small. Mantle cavity : As for genus. Mantle pigmentation not examined. Digestive system : As for genus. Genital system ( Figures 13J , 18B ): As for genus. Carrefour and talon both embedded in albumen gland. Free oviduct without internal longitudinal pilasters. Vagina internally with at least eight longitudinal pilasters. Penis long; epiphallus enters penis through short verge, less than a quarter of penis length; penis internally covered in pustules towards epiphallus and ridges towards atrium. Penial sheath present, thick at base, thinning towards epiphallus and not enclosing entire penis; penis retractor muscle attached to base of epiphallic caecum. Epiphallus longer than penis, internally with longitudinal pilasters. Radula : Not examined. Range and habitat. The range of Stanisicarion virens extends further south than previously reported. It ranges from Taree, New South Wales , to Bundaberg, southeast Queensland . Morphologically similar populations that extend from just north of Sydney to Taree may also belong to this species (J. Stanisic, pers. comm.); however, further anatomical examination is required to confirm this. Stanisicarion virens is found in rainforest, notophyll and microphyll vine thickets and dry sclerophyll forest, usually living under logs and in leaf litter but sometimes arboreal. Remarks. The range of Stanisicarion virens overlaps with that of Fastosarion aquila , for which no anatomical details are available. Stanisicarion virens also overlaps in range with several semislugs from the southeast Australian group of taxa with the wide flagellum ( Mysticarion porrectus , Helicarion leopardina , Parmavitrina megastoma , Parmavitrina planilabris , Peloparion iridis ) and several species of Nitor .