An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran
Author
Beaver, Roger A.
Author
Ghahari, Hassan
Author
Sanguansub, Sunisa
text
Zootaxa
2016
4098
3
401
441
journal article
48589
10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1
8770e7d9-65f4-4cee-a935-a5f365a95f32
1175-5326
258895
00F1BDB5-AB25-47A0-B789-2E05D2E683DE
Ips typographus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Distribution in
Iran
.
Ardabil (
Ghahari & Fischer 2011
;
Gadallah & Ghahari 2016
). The species may have been recently introduced to
Iran
.
General distribution.
Northern and central Europe, through
Russia
to
China
,
Korea
and
Japan
,
Algeria
,
Turkey
,
Kazakhstan
,
Tajikistan
.
Biology.
This is one of the most important forest pests of
Picea
(Pinaceae)
in Eurasia (
Kausrud
et al.
2012
). It occasionally breeds in
Abies
,
Pinus
and
Pseudotsuga
(Pinaceae)
. Because of its importance as a pest, there is a very large literature, and only a few of the more recent references can be given here. Summaries of the biology, natural enemies, associated fungi, forest impact and management are given in
Christiansen and Bakke (1988)
, Wermelinger (2004),
Global Invasive Species Database (2009)
, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International (2015). Further useful information can be found in Lieutier
et al.
(2004), and
Vega and Hofstetter (2015)
. The species usually occurs in the forest at low population densities attacking weakened or windthrown trees. Outbreaks often occur after strong storms, which cause extensive windfalls and provide large amounts of suitable breeding material. This can allow populations to build up and overcome the resistance of healthy trees (Lieutier 2004,
Krokene 2015
). The beetles also carry a pathogenic blue-stain fungus,
Ceratocystis polonica
, which reduces tree resistance and may kill host trees (
Christiansen & Bakke 1988
,
Kirisits 2004
). The population dynamics of the species are discussed in
Stenseth and Kirkendall (1989)
, and by Økland and Bjørnstad (2006),
Kausrud (2012)
, and
Marini
et al.
(2013)
. Wermelinger (2004), and
Fettig and Hilszczański (2015)
discuss management strategies.
Comments.
Coeloides bostrichorum
Giraud, 1872
(
Hymenoptera
:
Braconidae
) is the parasitoid of
Ips typographus
in
Iran
(
Ghahari & Fischer 2011
;
Gadallah & Ghahari 2016
).