Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)
Author
Burks, Roger A.
Author
Heraty, John M.
Author
Dominguez, Chrysalyn
Author
Mottern, Jason L.
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-03-26
4401
1
1
107
journal article
30421
10.11646/zootaxa.4401.1.1
d89af63d-c093-4908-bd61-2b26133bb7d6
1175-5326
1207463
CE7364CD-1A9E-45F2-ABA1-FB574F03BCBE
Orasema stramineipes
Cameron
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 01AF25E9-A62F-4C9B-AA39-5105E0D464D4 (
Figs 207–214
)
Orasema stramineipes
Cameron, 1884
: 105
. Panama: Bugaba,
800–1500 ft
. Champion [BMNH type no. 5.370], lectotype designated by
Heraty, 2002
.
Orasema flavipes
Cameron, 1884
: plate V, fig. 20. Synonymy by
Kirby, 1886
: 29
(objective synonym).
Diagnosis.
Mesoscutal midlobe finely reticulate anteriorly to areolate-reticulate posteriorly, becoming areolate posteriorly. Mesoscutal sidelobe finely reticulate. Mesoscutellar disc areolate. Axillula areolate-reticulate, without complete longitudinal carinae. Petiole in females not extending beyond hind coxal apex.
This species is best recognized by the areolate sculpture on its mesoscutellum, including the axillula, and a mesoscutellum that is posteriorly areolate but anteriorly areolate-reticulate (
Figs 210, 211
). It is very similar to
O. yaax
, differing in that its fore femur is entirely yellow (
Fig. 207
) instead of brownish. It is distinguished from
O. nyamo
mainly by having a larger body, but also in the distinctive flagellomere shape in
O. nyamo
(
Fig. 149
).
Description. Female.
Length 3.0–5.0 mm.
Color:
Head and mesosoma green to blue with reddish to yellowish luster dorsally, becoming purple to black ventrally. Pedicel pale brown; anellus pale brown; flagellum brown. Coxae brown to purple dorsally, becoming yellow apically; legs beyond coxae yellow, or (Soltis form, see below) fore femur with some brownish coloration. Fore wing slightly infuscate; venation dark brown. Petiole green; gaster brown with blue-green to purple luster.
Head:
Head width:head height 1.1–1.2; face reticulate; longitudinal groove between eye and torulus present; eyes bare, inter-ocular distance:eye height 1.4–1.7; malar space:eye height 0.7–0.8; supraclypeal area longer than broad, smooth medially, weakly sculptured laterally; clypeus smooth to weakly sculptured. Flagellum length:head height 1.4–1.7; F2 2.8–3.4× as long as broad, 1.1–1.3× as long as F3; following funiculars subequal in width, progressively shorter.
Mesosoma:
Mesosoma length:height 1.3–1.4. Mesoscutal midlobe mostly areolate-reticulate, becoming areolate posteromedially, with minute setae; lateral lobe weakly areolate-reticulate. Axilla areolate-reticulate; mesoscutellar disc almost entirely areolate, with a few small areolate-reticulate areas peripherally; frenal line regularly foveate; frenum areolate-reticulate; axillular groove anteriorly absent, broad and foveate posteriorly; axillula areolate-reticulate centrally but with some carinae anteriorly and ventrally. Propodeum with irregular median carina; propodeal disc areolate medially to areolate-reticulate laterally; callus reticulate, with 3–5 setae. Mesepisternum areolate-reticulate laterally with longitudinal carinae, smooth ventrally, broadly rounded anterior to mid coxa. Upper mesepimeron mostly smooth, reticulate posterodorsally; lower mesepimeron reticulate or nearly smooth; transepimeral sulcus distinct. Metepisternum laterally reticulate or nearly smooth. Hind coxa 1.8–2.3× as long as broad; hind femur 5.4–6.3× as long as broad. Fore wing 2.5–2.7× as long as broad, 2.5–2.9× as long as mesothorax; stigma with 4–5 sensilla separated into two clusters. Hind wing costal cell with a broad bare area.
Metasoma:
Petiole 2.0–2.8× as long as broad, 1.0–1.1× as long as hind coxa, areolate, anterior carina weak. Antecostal sulcus crossed by carinae; acrosternite posteriorly angulate.
Male
. Unknown.
FIGURES 207–212.
Orasema stramineipes
. ♀:
207.
Habitus.
208.
Head.
209.
Antenna, with F2 and F6–F7 inset.
210.
Mesosoma, dorsal view.
211.
Axillula.
212
Stigma and postmarginal vein.
Biology
. Adults were found ovipositing on the upper surface of the leaves of a variety of broadleaf plants along an open forest trail at La Selva Research Station in Costa Rica (
20.v.2011
, H11-049, see Material Examined). Plant hosts included
Piper multiplinervium
C. DC. and
Piper
sancti-felicis
Trel. (
Piperaceae
),
Nephrolepis biserrata
(Sw.) Schott (Nephrolepidaceae)
,
Nectandra membranaceae
(Sw.) Griseb. (Lauraceae)
, and
Pentagonia monocaulis
C.M. Taylor (
Rubiaceae
). Eggs were deposited in single meandering rows only on the upper surface of the leaves, usually with 8–15 eggs per row. Fresh eggs (white) were not found on the very newest leaves but instead only on the slightly older leaves. No plandia were recovered.
Ants
surveyed in the area using
peanut
butter baits included
Ectatomma
Smith
,
Pheidole
, and
Wasmannia
, but no nests of the likely host,
Pheidole
, were found.
FIGURES 213–214.
Orasema stramineipes
. ♀:
213.
Propodeum.
214.
Petiole.
Distribution.
Costa
Rica
,
Honduras
,
Mexico
,
Panama
.
Material
examined.
Lectotype
:
PANAMA
:
Bugaba
,
800–1500 ft
.
Champion
[
BMNH
type
no. 5.370], designated by
Heraty, 2002
.
Additional material examined:
COSTA RICA
:
Alajuela
:
Est. Biol
.
Alberto
Brenes San Ramon
,
900m
,
11.v.2013
,
Hanson
et al. [
1 ♀
,
MUCR
:
UCRCENT00479331
].
Sect. San Ramon de Dos Rios
,
620m
, 10°52'54"N, 85°24'41"W,
20.ii–5.iii.1995
, F.A. Quesada [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI02138791, INBIOCRI02138870]. Sector San Ramon,
620m
, 10°52'54"N, 85°24'41"W,
12–13.iii.1994
, D. Garcia [5 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01750050, INBIOCRI01750081, INBIOCRI01750160, INBIOCRI01750204, INBIOCRI01750255]. Sector San Ramon,
620m
, 10°52'54"N, 85°24'41"W,
13–28.iii.1994
, K. Taylor [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01712743]. Soltis Center, canopy trail,
477m
, 10°22'59"N, 84°37'05"W,
1.v.2016
, Heraty, swp [1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00439160 (D4708)]. Soltis Center, waterfall trail,
530m
, 10°23'16"N, 84°37'38"W,
30.iv.2016
, Heraty [1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00439157 (D4705), UCRCENT00439158 (D4706)].
Cartago
:
Turrialba
,
9°54'49"N
,
83°40'59"W
,
ix.1953
,
N.L.H. Krauss
[
1 ♀
,
BPBM
:
UCRCENT00429462
]
. Turrialba,
13– 17.iii.1965
, S.S. & W.D. Duckworth [1 ♀, USNM: UCRCENT00247816].
Guanacaste
:
Est. Cacao, SW
side
Volcan Cacao
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
21.iii–21.iv.1989
, GNP
Biod. Sur.
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00092582
]
. Est. Cacao, SW side Volcan Cacao,
700m
, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W,
ii–iii.1993
, P. Rios [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01904679]. Est. Pitilla,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
10–17.vi.1992
,
C. Moraga
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00819174
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
19.v–3.vi.1993
,
C. Moraga
[
4 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI01341837
, INBIOCRI01341856, INBIOCRI01341861–62].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
21.iii–6.iv.1993
,
C. Moraga
[
8 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI01390645
, INBIOCRI01390809, INBIOCRI01390811–12, INBIOCRI01390814–16,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI01391000
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
22.ix–14.x.1992
,
C. Moraga
[
4 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00846513–16
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
22.viii.1993
,
C. Moraga
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI01638521
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
31.iii–29.iv.1992
,
K. Taylor
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00376027
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
4–14.xi.1991
,
D. Garcia
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00500806
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
4– 25.xi.1991
,
C. Moraga
[
4 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00488828
, INBIOCRI00488855–56, INBIOCRI00489037].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
4–25.xi.1991
,
P. Rios
[
3 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00389594
, INBIOCRI00437483, INBIOCRI00437652].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
6–28.i.1992
,
C. Moraga
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00611051
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
i.1991
,
I Curso Microhym.
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00305679
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
ii.1990
,
P. Rios
,
C. Moraga
& R.
Blanco
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00172822
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia
, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
v.1991
,
P. Rios
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00651190
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
vii.1994
,
C. Moraga
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI02001610
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
vii.1994
,
P. Rios
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI02049018
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
viii.1994
,
P. Rios
[
5 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI
02051893
, INBIOCRI
02051899
, INBIOCRI
02051939
, INBIOCRI
02051955
, INBIOCRI
02051957
].
Est. Pitilla
,
9 km
S Santa Cecilia, P.N
.
Guanacaste
,
700m
,
10°59'28"N
,
85°25'39"W
,
xii.1993
,
P. Rios
[
1 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI01939478
]
.
Guanacaste
N.P.
,
Pitilla Biological Station
,
10°59'31"N
,
85°28'20"W
,
1.ii.1995
,
L. Masner
, screen sweep [
1 ♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT00312147
]
.
P.N.
Santa Rosa
,
Rio Calera
,
Est.
Santa Rosa
,
0–100m
,
10°48'11"N
,
85°40'27"W
,
21.vii.2000
,
D. Briceno
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT00479151
]
.
Heredia
:
La Selva Biol. Sta.
,
STR
trail
,
90m
,
10°25'56.2"N
,
84°02'24.7"W
,
14.viii.2010
,
J. Heraty
, rainforest trail, sweep [
1 ♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT00282691
(D2941)].
La Selva Biological Station
,
65m
,
10°25'52"N
,
84°01'27"W
,
20.v.2011
,
J. Heraty
&
E. Murray
, H11-049, secondary forest, sweep/bait [
6 ♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT00412497
(D3931),
UCRCENT00412498
(D3932),
UCRCENT00446732–33
,
UCRCENT00479123
,
UCRCENT00479153
(D3933)].
La Selva Biological Station
, SHO trail
,
60m
,
10°25'14"N
,
84°00'11"W
,
20–21.v.2011
,
J. Heraty
&
E. Murray
, old growth forest,
yellow pan trap
[
3 ♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT00446730
,
UCRCENT00479121–22
].
Puntarenas
:
Las Cruces Biological Station
, Ridge Trail,
1146m
, 8°47'13"N, 82°58'02"W,
25–26.ix.2014
, C. Weirauch, S. Leon, A. Knyshov,
yellow pan trap
[1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00479152 (D4203)]. Monteverde,
1500m
,
10°16'12"N
,
84°49'12"W
,
24–28.ii.1980
, W.R.M. Mason, cloud forest [1 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00425817]. P.N. Corcovado, Sector Los Patos, Send. Mirador,
100– 200m
, 8°33'51"N, 83°30'37"W,
22.ii.2000
, D. Rubí, Red de Golpe [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI03983123]. P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos,
80m
, 9°23'10"N, 84°07'51"W,
i.1992
, G. Varela [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00518063]. P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos,
80m
, 9°23'10"N, 84°07'51"W,
v.1991
, G. Varela [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01313520, INBIOCRI01313877]. P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos,
80m
, 9°23'10"N, 84°07'51"W,
v.1991
, R. Zuñiga [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01729942]. P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos,
80m
, 9°23'10"N, 84°07'51"W,
vii.1991
, R. Zuñiga [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01804716]. P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos,
80m
, 9°23'10"N, 84°07'51"W,
xii.1991
, G. Varela [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00528453].
R.B. Carara
,
Estac. Bijagual
,
500m
,
10°21'51"N
,
84°12'25"W
,
x.1989
,
P. Hanson
[
4 ♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT00413247
,
UCRCENT00413249–51
].
San José
:
Est. Bijagual
,
600 m
N de
Bijagualito
,
500m
, 9°44'30"N, 84°32'34"W,
vi.1995
, J. C. Saborio [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI02206028, INBIOCRI02206078]. Est. Bijagual,
600 m
. N de Bijagualito,
500m
, 9°44'30"N, 84°32'34"W,
vii.1995
, J. C. Saborio [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI02206972–73]. Est. Bijagual, Res. Biol. Carara,
500m
, 9°44'44"N, 84°33'41"W,
i.1990
, R. Zuñiga [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00208060, INBIOCRI00208097]. Est. Bijagual, Res. Biol. Carara,
500m
, 9°44'44"N, 84°33'41"W,
xi.1989
, R. Zuñiga [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00115228]. Est. Bijagual, Res. Biol. Carara,
500m
,
9°44'44"N
,
84°33'41"W
,
xii.1989
,
R. Zuñiga
[
2 ♀
,
INBIO
:
INBIOCRI00117169
, INBIOCRI00117406].
HONDURAS
:
Cortes
:
Parque Nacional Cusuco
,
5 km
N Buenos Aires
, 15°29'00"N, 88°13'00"W,
15.viii.1995
, R. Cave,
oak
/
pine
cloud forest,
Malaise Trap
[1 ♀, MZLU: UCRCENT00242599].
MEXICO
:
Chiapas
:
Las Casas
,
2194m
,
16°42'55"N
,
92°35'34"W
,
25.vi.1969
,
S. Crist
,
malaise trap
[
1 ♀
,
CNC
:
UCRCENT00240943
]
.
9 mi
. SW Teopisca,
1524m
,
16°30'31"N
,
92°34'02"W
,
23.v.1969
[1 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00240945].
Lagunas de Montebello
N.P.,
1524m
,
16°07'00"N
,
91°43'00"W
,
13.vi.1969
,
W.R.M. Mason
[
1♂
,
CNC
:
UCRCENT00240944
]
.
San Cristobal
de las
Casas
,
3353m
,
16°44'15"N
,
92°38'12"W
,
5.viii.1962
,
H.E.M.
[
1 ♀
,
CNC
:
UCRCENT00247549
]
.
San Cristobal
de las
Casas
,
7500m
,
16°44'15"N
,
92°38'12"W
,
29.iv.1959
[
1♂
7 ♀
,
FSCA
:
UCRCENT00241268–75
]
. Tenejapa Mpio., nr. paraje Yashanal,
1600m
,
16°49'50"N
,
92°27'09"W
,
31.vii.1988
, R. Jones, mountain forest [1 ♀, TAMU: UCRCENT00243225].
Oaxaca
:
19 mi
. S.
San Miguel Suchixtepec
,
17°04'01"N
,
96°43'13"W
,
17.vii.1985
,
J. Woolley
&
G. Zolnerowich
[
4 ♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT00237486–89
]
.
Veracruz
:
Atoyac
,
17°12'08"N
,
100°25'48"W
,
v.1904
,
Godmann-Salvin
[
1 ♀
,
BMNH
:
UCRCENT00239617
]
.