A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands
Author
Hong-Wa, Cynthia
Missouri Botanical Garden P. O. Box 299 St. Louis MO 63166 - 0299 U. S. A & Claude E. Phillips Herbarium Delaware State University 1200 N. DuPont Hwy, Dover DE 19901 - 2277 U. S. A.
chwa@desu.edu
text
Boissiera
2016
2016-10-21
70
1
292
journal article
10.5281/zenodo.7599432
f2ceb54b-e71d-4433-9e67-b75b62f8a902
978-2-8277-0086-8
0373-2975
7599432
58.
Noronhia obtusifolia
(Lam.)
Hong-Wa & Besnard in Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 67:
376. 2013 (
Fig. 42
).
≡
Olea obtusifolia
Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méthod.
1: 28. 1791.
≡
Linociera obtusifolia
(Lam.) H. Perrier
in Mém.Inst.Sci.
Madagascar
, Sér. B,Biol. Vég. 2:
279. 1949.
≡
Chionanthus obtusifolius
(Lam.) Stearn
in
Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 80: 203. 1980
.
Lectotypus
(designated here):
MADAGASCAR
:
sine loc
., s.d.,
Commerson
s.n.
(P-JU n° 4900 [
P00657336
] image seen; isolecto-:
G
[
G00007660
] image seen,
P
[
P00413214
]!, P-LA [
P00356887
] image seen)
.
–
Linociera obtusifolia
var.
thouarsii
H. Perrier
in
Mém. Inst. Sci.
Madagascar
, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 279. 1949
[nom. inval.]
≡
Noronhia obtusifolia
var.
thouarsii
(H. Perrier)
Hong-Wa & Besnard in
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 67: 376. 2013
[nom. inval.].
Description
Trees
to
20 m
tall, trunk to
25 cm
diameter; young twigs cylindrical,
1-2.5 mm
diameter, glabrous; bark dark to medium gray, smooth to slightly rugose.
Leaves
opposite, persistent; bud scales rarely persistent; blades dark green above, lighter below, obovate, 3.5-10.5
3
1.5-4 cm
, coriaceous, glabrous, domatia absent, base attenuate, margin slightly revolute, apex obtuse to rounded or obcordate, midrib slightly sunken above, raised below, secondary veins distinct to barely visible, 7-13 per side,
5-10 mm
apart, looping
1-2 mm
from the margin; petiole yellow to brownish, 6-20
3
0.5-2.3 mm
, not woody, sometimes only partially, glabrous.
Thyrses
geminate, multiflorous, compact; peduncle
8-14 mm
long, glabrous; pedicel
1.5-4 mm
long, glabrous; calyx glabrous on both sides, lobes triangular, 1-1.3
3
0.8- 1.2 mm
; corolla white, campanulate, petals almost free,
5-7 mm
long, glabrous on both sides, the tube
1-4 mm
long, lobes ovate, apex obtuse; corona absent; stamens
2-2.8 mm
long, anthers ovate, apiculate,
1.5-1.8 mm
long; pistil
1.5-2.5 mm
long, stigma bilobed.
Fruiting
pedicel 1-1.7
3
1.3-1.6 mm
; young fruits green, reddish black when mature, ovoid to subglobose, 16-21
3
6-16.5 mm
, smooth to ribbed, apex flat to rostellate, with the persistent style; dry pericarp
0.2-1.2 mm
thick; endocarp woody; seed 14-15
3
5-12 mm
.
Distribution, ecology and phenology
Noronhia obtusifolia
occurs in low- to high-elevation humid forests in eastern
Madagascar
, from around Anjanaharibe-Sud in the north to around Fort-Dauphin in the south (
Fig. 36
). It produces flowers and fruits all year.
Conservation status
Based on 52 collections representing 43 localities, the analyses indicated an EOO of
97,820 km
2
, an AOO of
132 km
2
, and 26 subpopulations representing 26 locations, of which 12 occur within protected areas (Agnalazaha, Ambohidena, Andohahela, Anjanaharibe-Sud, Corridor Ankeniheny-Zahamena, Makira, Mandena, Marojejy, Ste Luce, Tampolo, Tsitongambarika, and Vohibola). With a large EOO and an actual AOO likely exceeding
2,000 km
2
,
N. obtusifolia
is assigned a preliminary status of “Least Concern”.
192
Boissiera 70
Notes
Noronhia obtusifolia
can be recognized by its elliptic to narrowly or very widely obovate leaf blades terminated by an obtuse to obcordate apex, compact inflorescences, white flowers with barely connate petals, and ovoid, almost elongate, smooth to ribbed fruits. The variation in the shape of the leaf blades and fruits as well as fruit ornamentation may be sufficient to distinguish different entities within this species. Indeed, PER-RIER
DE LA BâTHIE (1949
,
1952
) recognized three varieties, of which two were, however, invalidly published due to a lack of Latin diagnosis (Art. 39.1;
MCNEILL et al., 2012
). Consequently, the combinations
N. obtusifolia
var.
minoriflora
(H. Perrier)
Hong-Wa & Besnard and
N. obtusifolia
var.
thouarsii
(H. Perrier)
Hong-Wa & Besnard are also invalid as they were based on these names. The taxon referred to as
N. obtusifolia
var.
minoriflora
is here recognized as distinct at the species level and described as new (see p. 179) using the name
N. martiniana
. By contrast,
N. obtusifolia
var.
thouarsii
, based on a very poor material, is better treated as
N. obtusifolia
(without recognition at an infraspecific level) until additional specimens become available. The collection in P-JUS is here designated as
lectotype
as it is more complete than the material in P-LAM. Furthermore, the latter collection bears the indication “ex-Juss” meaning that Lamarck had received the collection from Jussieu. LAMARCK (1791) indicated
Mauritius
as the origin of the type by error; it is in fact a Commerson collection from
Madagascar
.
Additional specimens examined
MADAGASCAR
.
Prov.
Antsiranana
:
Ambatosoratra
, [
14°34’S
49°44’E
],
400 m
,
5.
I
.1949
,
Cours
3292
(
MO
,
P
)
;
Mt Ambatosoratra
, [
14°25’48”S
49°43’48”E
],
1500-1540 m
,
4-8.
I
.1949
,
Humbert
&
Cours
22941
(
P
)
;
Anjanaharibe-Sud RS
,
14°48’15”S
49°26’45”E
,
1000-1100 m
,
6.VIII.1997
,
McPherson
17254
(
K
,
MO
)
.
Prov.
Fianarantsoa
:
Nosy Varika
,
Ambahy
,
20°48’07”S
48°28’56”E
,
22 m
,
13.XI.2003
,
Rabehevitra
et al. 741
(
K
,
MO
,
P
,
TEF
)
.
Prov.
Mahajanga
:
Befandriana-Nord
,
Matsoandakana
,
Andranomena
, forêt
d’Anjiabe
,
15°08’10”S
49°21’08”E
,
1085 m
,
11.
II
.2008
,
Ravelonarivo
et al. 2775
(
G
,
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
.
Prov.
Toamasina
:
Maroantsetra
,
Ambinanitelo
,
Marovovonana
,
Ankirindro forest
,
15°17’34”S
49°32’46”E
,
690 m
,
13.
I
.2003
,
Antilahimena
1711
(
G
,
MO
,
P
)
;
Antsirabe Sahatany
,
Anjiahely
,
15°24’45”S
49°22’29”E
,
1201 m
,
19.
VI
.2004
,
Antilahimena
2529
(
MO
)
;
Ambinanitelo
,
Marovovonana
,
15°19’03”S
49°24’06”E
,
800 m
,
4.IX.2004
,
Antilahimena
2767
(
MO
)
;
Mananara
,
Vanono
,
Lohan’i Ambitsy forest
,
15°53’27”S
49°28’57”E
,
846 m
,
26.VII.2007
,
Antilahimena
5706
(
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Mahanoro
,
Ambodibonara
,
Ambalavontaka
, forêt
de Nankinana
,
20°22’21”S
48°33’15”E
,
16 m
,
12.
II
.2004
,
Rabehevitra
801
(
MO
,
P
,
TEF
)
;
Brickaville
,
Ambila-Lemaitso
,
18°49’S
49°08’E
,
0-5 m
,
11.XI.1999
,
A
.
Randrianasolo
&
Ranaivojaona
650
(
G
,
MO
,
P
)
;
Brickaville
,
Maroseranana
,
Ambodilendemy
,
18°24’49”S
48°47’32”E
,
1175 m
,
24.III.2011
,
Ravelonarivo
et al. 3848
(
G
,
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Sainte Marie
,
Lokintsy
,
Sahasifotra
, forêt
d’Ambohidena
,
16°50’25”S
49°57’09”E
,
10 m
,
19.
II
.2004
,
Razakamalala
943
(
K
,
MO
,
P
,
TEF
)
;
Ambila-Lemaitso
, [
18°49’S
49°08’E
],
30 m
,
8-10.VIII.1957
,
Service Forestier
18067
(
MO
)
.
Prov.
Toliara
:
Fort-Dauphin
,
Mt Vohimavo
,
24°19’32”S
47°08’11”E
,
836-837 m
,
4.XII.2001
,
Hong-Wa 29
(
G
,
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Ampasy Nampoana
, forêt
de Mandena
,
24°57’10”S
47°00’10”E
,
9 m
,
12.
II
.2009
,
Hong-Wa 599
(
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Ambatoabo
, forêt
d’Ankoba
,
24°46’44”S
46°43’17”E
,
660 m
,
19.VII.2011
,
Randrianaivo
et al. 1888
(
G
,
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Iabakoho
,
Antsotso
, forêt
de Bemangidy
,
24°35’33”S
47°12’52”E
,
22.
V
.2006
,
Randriatafika
et al. 655
(
G
,
MO
,
P
,
TEF
)
;
ibid. loc.
,
24°34’10”S
47°12’01”E
,
651 m
, 2008,
Randriatafika
903
(
G
,
MO
,
P
,
TEF
)
;
Ampasy Nampoana
, forêt
de Mandena
,
24°57’26”S
47°01’34”E
,
90 m
,
13-15.
VI
.1999
,
Ratovoson
et al. 106
(
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Iaboko
,
Antsotso Avaratra
,
24°33’42”S
47°12’02”E
,
662 m
,
11.XII.2007
,
Razakamalala
et al. 3989
(
G
,
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Fort-Dauphin
,
Manafiafy
,
24°47’S
47°10’E
,
15 m
,
13.XI.1990
,
Schatz
et al. 3009
(
G
,
MO
,
TAN
)
;
Vataza
, au
SE d’Imonty
, [
24°36’S
46°42’E
],
16.
I
.1963
,
Service Forestier
22458
(
G
,
MO
)
.
Sine
loc.: s.d.,
du Petit-Thouars
s.n.
(
P
)
.