Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)
Author
Jimmy Cabra-García
Author
Antonio D. Brescovit
text
Zootaxa
2016
2016-01-27
4069
1
1
183
journal article
31381
10.11646/zootaxa.4069.1.1
5a65a6a9-d142-4121-b893-a83e929ffdbc
1175-5326
1054149
52FC658C-78C7-49FC-9961-8AC43CA03101
Glenognatha caparu
new species
(
Figs. 67–70
,
133
)
Types
.
Male
holotype
from
Estación Biológica Caparu
,
Lago Taraira. Taraira
,
Vaupés
,
Colombia
, [
1º4´S
,
69º29´W
], elev. [
128m
],
11.iv.2004
,
J. Pinzón
leg., deposited in
ICN 5979
;
Paratypes
:
2♂
1♀
from the
type
locality, same data as the
holotype
, deposited in
ICN 5980
;
1♂
1♀
from
Igarapé forest
of
upper Rio Yaciba
, [
Amazonas
],
Venezuela
, [
1º14´N
,
66º44´W
], elev. [
109m
],
7.xii.1953
,
W. M. Beebe
leg., deposited in
AMNH
;
1 ♂
from
Estação Científica Ferreira Penna
,
Melgaço
,
Pará
,
Brazil
,
1º43´21.6´´S
,
51º25´51.2´´W
, elev. [
40m
],
1993– 2009
?,
A
. B. Bonaldo
leg., deposited in
MPEG 19083
;
1♂
from
15 km
E Puerto Maldonado
,
Madre de Dios
,
Peru
,
12º33´S
,
69º3´W
, elev.
200m
,
10.vii.1989
,
D. Silva
leg., deposited in
MUSM
0 504904.
FIGURE 68.
Glenognatha caparu
new species
from Colombia (Paratypes, ICN 5980).
A–C
, male left chelicerae. A, anterior. B, posterior. C, mesal. D–F, female left chelicerae. D, anterior. E, posterior. F, mesal. Scale bars, 100 µm. AT: anterior tooth. CFO: cheliceral fang outgrowth. Prt: promarginal tooth. Ret: retromarginal tooth.
Etymology.
The species epithet is a noun in apposition taken from the
type
locality.
Diagnosis.
Males of
G
.
caparu
can be distinguished from all other
Glenognatha
species by the presence of small sharpened projections on the conductor lamina (
Figs. 69C
,
71H
). Females resemble those of
G
.
mendezi
and
G. lacteovittata
in having a conspicuously enlarged Ret1 (
Fig. 68C
). They are distinguished from the former in having numerous gland ducts on the spermathecae (
Figs. 70C–D
) and from the latter in having well-developed spermathecae (
Figs. 70C–D
).
FIGURE 69.
Glenognatha caparu
new species
from Colombia. A–D, male left palp, schematic (Paratype, ICN 5980). A, ventral. B, conductor, ventral. C, conductor, dorsal. D, embolus, ventral. E–H, male left palp (Holotype, ICN 5979). E, ventral. F, dorsal. G, prolateral. H, retrolateral. Scale bars, 100 µm. C: conductor. CB: cymbium. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. ED: ejaculatory duct. EMg: embolic medial groove. P: paracymbium. T: tegulum.
Male (
holotype
)
. Habitus as in
Figures 67
A
–D
. Carapace yellow-brownish, darker along furrows. Sternum dark brown, with dusky bands oriented towards the median region. Abdomen spherical, dorsally with irregular pattern of two longitudinal black bands on sides and some dark patches on the postero-median region. Silver guanine spots scattered in the entire dorsal surface and the median lateral surfaces. Venter with a diffused dusky median band, darker around epigastric furrow and two lighter lateral bands with some silver guanine spots. Legs light yellow-brownish with distal parts of segments darker. Tracheal spiracle well-sclerotized. Total length 2.62. Cephalothorax 1.17 long, 0.85 wide, 0.62 high. Abdomen 1.60 long, 1.15 wide, 1.15 high. Sternum 0.52 long, 0.53 wide.
FIGURE 70.
Glenognatha caparu
new species
. A–E, female genitalia. A, dorsal. B, ventral (arrow, uterus externus distal portion). C, lateral. D–E, spermathecae and copulatory duct. F–I, embolus and conductor. F, ventral. G, anteroventral. H, dorsal (arrow, sharpened projections). I, dorsoretrolateral. J, paracymbium. K, tarsal organ. L–M, female tracheal system. L, dorsal. M, median trunk. Scale bars, 20 µm (A–C, F–L), 10 µm (D–E, M). C: conductor. CD: copulatory duct. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. EMg: embolic medial groove. LSD: long-stem ducts. LT: lateral trunk. MC: membranous chamber. MT: median trunk. PBP: paracymbium basal portion. PDP: paracymbium distal portion. S: spermathecae. T: tegulum. UE: uterus externus.
Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09. ALE 0.08. PME 0.08. PLE 0.07. AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.09, PME-PLE 0.11, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 1.66. Chelicerae with the same coloration of the cephalothorax. Three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth (
Figs. 68
A
–C
) Anterior tooth present (
Figs. 68
A
, C
). Cheliceral fang outgrowth well-developed (
Fig. 68
A
). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.45, patella 0.37, tibia 1.55, metatarsus 1.25, tarsus 0.65, total 5.27; II: 1.25, 0.35, 1.27, 1.20, 0.55, 4.62; III: 0.92, 0.25, 0.63, 0.70, 0.45, 2.96; IV: 1.27, 0.27, 1.02, 1.00, 0.47, 4.05. DTS 0.17. DTE 0.52. Palp as in
Figures 69E–H
. Conductor with rugose texture (
Figs. 69C
,
71H
). Embolus straight with 180º curved tip (
Figs. 69D
,
70F–I
).
Female (
paratype
AMNH)
. Habitus as in
Figures 67E–H
. Carapace brown, darker along furrows, with a median longitudinal dusky band. Sternum dark brown, darker on the edges. Abdomen spherical, strongly depigmentated, dorsally with dusky patches. Silver guanine spots absent. Venter with a diffused dusky median band, and two lighter bands on sides. Gonopore region and book lung covers lighter. Legs light yellow-brownish with distal parts of segments darker. Tracheal spiracle well-sclerotized. Total length 3.1. Cephalothorax 1.45 long, 0.97 wide, 0.70 high. Abdomen 1.67 long, 1.55 wide, 1.60 high. Sternum 0.65 long, 0.62 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09. ALE 0.08. PME 0.08. PLE 0.06. AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.12, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 2.22. Chelicerae slightly darker than the cephalothorax. Three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth (
Figs. 68
D-F). Ret1 enlarged (
Figs. 68
E-F). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.90, patella 0.40, tibia 1.90, metatarsus 1.72, tarsus 0.82, total 6.75; II: 1.93, 0.42, 1.65, 1.25, 0.75, 6.01; III: 1.17, 0.42, 0.77, 0.90, 0.47, 3.75; IV: 1.57, 0.32, 1.35, 1.15, 0.52, 4.92. DTS 0.30. DTE 0.50. Tracheal system as in
Figures 70L–M
. Spermathecae well-developed (
Figs. 70
A
–E
). Uterus externus divided in three portions (
Fig. 70B
).
Variation.
Male total length 2.0–2.7 (
N
= 10; average 2.4), cephalothorax length 1.0–1.2 (
N
= 10; average 1.1), femur I length 1.3–1.6 (
N
= 10; average 1.5). Female total length 2.3–3.1 (
N
= 5; average 2.6), cephalothorax length 1.0–1.4 (
N
= 5; average 1.2), femur I length 1.2–1.9 (
N
= 5; average 1.6).
Distribution.
Known from Amazonian regions of
Colombia
,
Bolivia
,
Peru
,
Brazil
,
Venezuela
and
Suriname
(
Fig. 133
).
Additional material examined (N = 16).
PERU
:
Loreto
: P.N.
Pacaya-Samiria Pithecia
,
5º6´S
,
74º50´W
, elev.
100m
,
16.viii.1989
,
D. Silva
leg.,
1♂
3♀
6 immature (
MUSM 0504921
)
.
Madre de Dios
:
Zona Reservada de Manu
,
Puesto de Vigilancia.
,
Pakitsa
,
11º58´S
,
71º18´W
, elev. [
425m
],
6.x.1987
,
D. Silva
&
J. Coddington
leg.,
1 ♀
(
USNM
)
.
SURINAME
: [
Para
]
:
Carolina
Creek,
10km
from
Zanderij
, [
5º27´N
,
55º12´W
], elev. [
27 m
],
B. Malkin
leg.,
1♂
(
AMNH
)
.
BOLIVIA
:
Beni
:
Rio Benicito
,
Chacobo Indian Village
,
12º30´S
, 66ºW], elev. [
156m
], 10.31.
vii.1960
,
B. Malkin
leg.,
1 ♀
(
AMNH
)
.
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
: Barcelos, Terra Indigena Yanomani, [
0º58´24.96´´S
,
62º55´38.3´´W
], elev. [
31m
],
21.x.2006
,
Nogueira
&
Braga-Neto
leg.,
1♂
(
INPA
)
.
Rondônia
: Guajará-Mirim, Parque Estadual Guajará, [
10º48´41.98´´S
,
66º18´41.36´´W
], elev. [
132m
],
18.i—13.iv.1998
,
Lawne J. Vitte
&
T. C. Ávila-Pires
leg.,
1♂
1♀
(
MCTP 11373
)
.