Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia) Author Stonis, Jonas R. Author Diškus, Arūnas Author Remeikis, Andrius Author Karsholt, Ole Author Torres, Nixon Cumbicus text Zootaxa 2017 4257 1 1 70 journal article 33173 10.5281/zenodo.556874 90f99d44-c68c-4602-90f1-2802409db73d 1175-5326 556874 98E19676-EC03-4026-B4B6-39BEC10B5A05 36. Stigmella olekarsholti Remeikis, Diškus & Stonis, 2016 ( Figs 2 , 9 , 15–18 , 33 , 37 , 110 ) Stigmella olekarsholti Remeikis, Diškus & Stonis, in Stonis et al . 2016f : 569 –570, figs 4, 5, 13–16, 33–36, 42, 43. Material examined. 12 ♂ (holotype and paratypes), 5 ♀ ( paratypes ), PERU , Dept. Apurimac , 12 km N Abancay , Cerro Turonmocco , 13°34'36"S , 72°58'33"W , elevation about 3500 m , 17–18.iii.1987 , O. Karsholt , genitalia slide no. RA 560♂ ( holotype ), RA 543♂ , RA 561♂ , RA 563♀ , RA 564♀ ( paratypes ) ( ZMUC ) ; 4 ♂, 2 ♀ ( paratypes ), Dept. Cusco , Urubamba Province , Aguas Calientes , 13°09'44"S , 72°32'15"W , elevation 2050 m , mining larvae on Asteraceae plant 19.x.2008 , ex pupae xi.2008 , field card no. 4940, A. Diškus , genitalia slides nos AD 722♂ , AD 727♂ , AD 753♂ , AD 754♀ , AD 761♂ ( ZMUC ) . Diagnosis. Belongs to the S. magnispinella group. The combination of very long lobes of uncus, small plate of gnathos, long ventral plate of gnathos without lateral lobes, and specific set of cornuti distinguishes S. olekarsholti from all members of the group, including the most similar Ecuadorian S. varispinella Diškus & Stonis. Male ( Fig. 33 ). Described in Stonis et al . 2016: 569. Forewing length 1.8–2.6 mm ; wingspan 4.3–5.7 mm . Female . Externally similar to male. Male genitalia. Illustrated in Stonis et al . 2016: figs 13–16. Female genitalia. Illustrated in Stonis et al . 2016: figs 33–35. Bionomics . Larvae mine in leaves of Asteraceae plant (an unidentified species). Larvae pale greenish grey with brownish grey head, mine in October (and probably in January–February). In the beginning, irregularly deposited blackish grey frass filling the most of the width of the gallery; further the gallery widened to a large elongated blotch with black frass distributed irregularly and with very wide unfilled areas of the blotch left (the leaf-mine illustrated in Stonis et al . 2016f : figs. 42, 43). Larval exit slit on upper side of the leaf. Adults fly in March and November. Distribution ( Figs 9 , 15–18 ). Known from two localities in the Andean Peru (Dept. Apurimac and Cusco ) at elevations about 2050–3500 m ( Figs 15–18 ).