Taxonomy, Bionomics and Faunistics of the Nominate Subgenus of Mylabris Fabricius, 1775, with the description of five new species (Coleoptera: Meloidae: Mylabrini) Author Pan, Zhao Author Bologna, Marco A. text Zootaxa 2014 3806 1 1 78 journal article 36843 10.11646/zootaxa.3806.1.1 7d2d0c6c-48af-4da8-8bff-d32a5f578186 1175-5326 286141 3FFF6AAF-2BDC-43B1-8AAB-4C65A4DB1614 Mylabris ( Mylabris ) quadripunctata ( Linnaeus, 1767 ) Figs. 1 U, 24A–G Meloe quadripunctata Linnaeus, 1767 : 680 . Mylabris decempunctata Fabricius, 1781 : 331 ; 1787: 216; 1792: 89; 1801: 84; Olivier, 1795 : 12 ; 1803: 308; Latreille, 1804 : 369 ; 1807: 216; 1818: 128; Illiger, 1804 : 173 . Meloe melanura Pallas, 1782 : 86 . Mylabris quadripunctata , Fabricius, 1787 : 217 ; 1792: 89; 1801: 84; Billberg, 1813 : 27 ; Mulsant, 1857 : 125 ; Reiche, 1866 : 636 ; Marseul, 1870 : 71 ; 1872: 132; Gemminger & Harold, 1870 : 2141 ; Baudi di Selve, 1878a: 364; 1878b: 1162; Gorriz y Muñoz, 1882: 96; 1902: 182; Beauregard, 1890 : 534 ; Sumakov, 1913 : 304 ; 1915: 22; 1930: 34; Borchmann, 1917 : 47 ; Mader, 1927 : 858 ; Reichardt, 1934 : 215 , 229; Magistretti, 1943 : 48 ; Mařan, 1944 : 36 ; Pardo Alcaide, 1948 : 494 ; García- París & Ruiz, 2005 : 233 –246. Mylabris melanura , Petagna, 1787 : 27 . Mylabris octopunctata Olivier, 1811 : 95 . Mylabris adamsii Fischer von Waldheim, 1823: 224. Mylabris fasciatopunctata Adams , in Fischer von Waldheim, 1823: 224. Mylabris armeniaca Faldermann, 1837 : 125 ; Marseul, 1870 : 70 . Mylabris floralis var. adamsii , Dejean, 1837 : 244 . Mylabris mutans var. quadripunctata , Gaubil, 1849 : 230 . Mylabris hispanica Motschulsky, 1849 : 132 . Mylabris husseini Redtenbacher, 1850 : 49 ; Gemminger & Harold, 1870 : 2138 ; Marseul, 1870 : 53 ; 1872: 473; Baudi di Selve, 1878a: 376; 1878b: 1165; Beauregard, 1890 : 529 ; Sumakov, 1930 : 58 ; Borchmann, 1917 : 38 ; Mader, 1927 : 860 ; Bologna, 1986b : 30 . Mylabris maldinesi Chevrolat, 1865 : 393 . Mylabris quadripunctata var. adamsii , Marseul, 1870 : 71 ; 1872: 492; Beauregard, 1890 : 534 ; Ganglbauer, 1905 : 259 ; Borchmann, 1917 : 48 ; Reichardt, 1934 : 229 . Mylabris quadripunctata var. maldinesi , Marseul, 1870 : 73 ; 1872: 492; Gemminger & Harold, 1870 : 2141 ; Baudi di Selve, 1878b: 1163; Beaurgard, 1890 : 534 ; Borchmann, 1917 : 48 . Mylabris variabilis var. armeniaca , Marseul, 1872 : 492 ; Gemminger & Harold, 1870 : 2144 ; Beauregard, 1890 : 539 ; Borchmann, 1917 : 57 ; Reichardt, 1934 : 229 . Mylabris quadripunctata var. melanura , Baudi di Selve, 1878b: 1163; Beauregard, 1890 : 534 . Zonabris quadripunctata , Heyden, 1881a : 152 ; Dokhtouroff, 1889 : 23 ; Escherich, 1899 : 92 ; Rodriguez López Neyra, 1914 : 467 ; Sainte-Claire Deville, 1937 : 310 . Zonabris variabilis var. armeniaca , Heyden, 1881a : 152 . Zonabris quadripunctata var. adamsii , Heyden & Kraatz, 1883 : 356 . Zonabris quadripunctata var. maldinesi, Heyden et al ., 1883: 143 . Zonabris quadripunctata var. melanura , Heyden et al. , 1883: 143 . Zonabris armeniaca , Reitter, 1889 : 120 . Mylabris quadripunctata var. fasciatopunctata , Beauregard, 1890 : 534 . Mylabris quadripunctata var. hispanica, Beauregard, 1890 : 534 . Mylabris quadripunctata var. octopunctata , Beauregard, 1890 : 534 . Mylabris quadripunctata var. tetraspilota Wellman, 1910 : 23 ; Borchmann, 1917 : 48 . Mylabris quadripunctata var. antefasciata Sumakov, 1913 : 304 Borchmann, 1917 : 48 . Mylabris quadripunctata var. vareillesi Chobaut, 1914 : 280 . Mylabris quadripunctata ab. adamsii , Mader, 1927 : 858 . Mylabris quadripunctata ab. armeniaca , Mader, 1927 : 858 ; Sumakov, 1930 : 37 . Mylabris quadripunctata ab. maldinesi, Mader, 1927 : 858 ; Sumakov, 1930 : 37 ; Magistretti, 1943 : 49 . Mylabris quadripunctata ab. tetraspilota , Mader, 1927 : 858 . Mylabris quadripunctata ab. chobautiana Sumakov, 1930 : 37 . Mylabris variabilis ab. armeniaca , Magistretti, 1943 : 48 . Mylabris ( Mylabris ) quadripunctata , Pardo Alcaide, 1950 : 75 ; Kuzin, 1953 : 124 ; 1954: 354; Bologna, 1979 : 151 ; Nikolaev & Kolov, 2005 : 61 ; García-París et al. , 2006 : 349 ; Serri et al. , 2012 : 85 . Mylabris ( Mylabris ) quadripunctata mesoasiatica Kuzin, 1953 : 124 ; Bologna, 1991a : 226 ; 2008: 397; Nikolaev & Kolov, 2005 : 62 . Mylabris ( Sphenabris ) husseini , Kuzin, 1954 : 362 . Mylabris ( Mylabris ) quadripunctata ab. a damsii , Kaszab, 1968b : 759 . Mylabris ( Mesopunctata ) quadripunctata armeniaca , Axentiev, 1985 : 246 . Mylabris ( Mesopunctata ) quadripunctata , Sadykov, 1989 : 26 . Mylabris ( Mylabris ) quadripunctata quadripunctata , Bologna, 1991a : 226 ; 2008: 397. Mylabris rishwani Makhan, 2012 : 1 . syn. nov. Type locality. “ Europa ” ( Linnaeus, 1767 ). Type material. Types are preserved at UUZM . Description. Body length: 9–21 mm ; setae uniformly black, but mixed golden and black on legs; head usually without frontal red spot (except most individuals from Italy , few from S France , Spain , and central Balkans); antennomeres uniformly black, III slightly more than 1.5 times as long as IV, XI evidently less than twice as long as wide ( Fig. 24 A); pronotum with a shallow but visible fore transverse depression, punctures small, relatively deep, never confluent; elytral black pattern very variable ( Fig. 24 B) (see below), basically with four spots (2:2) on basal third and middle, and one wide apical fascia; mesosternum as in Fig. 24 C; gonoforceprs very wide in lateral view with apical lobe sub-elongate and slightly curved forward in lateral view ( Fig. 24 E), gonoforceps in ventral view fused in basal third ( Fig. 24 D), and apically clearly sloping in both lateral and ventral views ( Figs. 24 D, E); distal hook of aedeagus positioned almost at apex, clearly smaller than the proximal one, and differently inclined than the proximal one ( Fig. 24 F); apodeme of the spiculum gastrale and 10th sternum completely approached and without an intermediate membranous tissue ( Fig. 24 G). Taxonomic remarks . Recently, Makhan (2012) described Mylabris rishwani from Iran . According to the photos of body and male genitalia, this species actually represents the phenotype of M. quadripunctata with the two middle spots forming a fascia, very common in Turkey , Caucasus, Iran and Central Asia. Consequently, we propose here the following taxonomic act: Mylabris rishwani Makhan, 2012 = Mylabris quadripunctata ( Linnaeus, 1767 ) n. syn . According to the previous literature, Bologna (2008) divided provisionally M. quadripunctata in four subspecies: the nominate one, angustata Soumakov, 1915 , mesosasiatica Kuzin, 1953 and restricta Motschulsky, 1849 . Actually, none of these subspecies is valid for the following reasons: (a) M. q. angustata : After the examination of the type (ZIN), M. angustata must be referred to the subgenus Micrabris . (b) M. q. mesosasiatica : After the examination of undreds of specimens from several countries from Central Asia, it represents the common form of quadripunctata (variously named in the literature), characterized by the elytral black fascia, widely spread from eastern Turkey to southwestern Mongolia . (c) M. q. restricta : According to García-París & Ruiz (2008) and García-París et al . (2010) , M. restricta is distinct from M. quadripunctata and refers to the subgenus Micrabris ; the same holds for M. beauregardi Gorriz y Muñoz, 1884, erroneously included by Bologna (2008) among the synonyms of M. quadripunctata , and which is a distinct Mylabris ( Micrabris ) species. The intraspecific variation in the elytral pattern of this species is wide: Usually the populations from the Iberian Peninsula and southern France have narrower apical fascia than others; the populations from Near, Middle and Central Asia have wide apical fascia and middle spots fused to form a wide fascia. The variation of elytral black pattern is represented in Fig. 24 B. Distribution . From Portugal to S France and possibly W Liguria ( Italy ), S Italy , S Balkan Peninsula, Romania , Ukraina , Russia , from the southern European territories east to Siberia, Near East, Levant, Middle East, Central Asia (from Turkmenistan to Tadzhikistan ), Afghanistan , W China (Xinjiang).