A taxonomic monograph of the assassin bug genus Zelus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): 71 species based on 10,000 specimens Author Zhang, Guanyang Author Hart, Elwood R Author Weirauch, Christiane text Biodiversity Data Journal 2016 4 8150 8150 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150 1314-2828-4-8150 262DB958242246B692E61675C3C07DB1 Zelus paracephalus Zhang & Hart sp. n. Materials Type status: Holotype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00057803 ; recordedBy: Richter ; sex: Adult Male ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: COLOMBIA ; stateProvince: Meta; locality: Rio Guamal [Quamal?] ; verbatimElevation: 400 m ; decimalLatitude: 3.71667 ; decimalLongitude: -73.1667 ; georeferenceSources: Gazetteer; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2013; Event: eventDate: 1948-01-24 ; Record Level: institutionCode: AMNH Type status: Paratype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00004997 ; occurrenceRemarks: Primary DNA voucher RCW_2164; recordedBy: G. Zhang & J. Avendano ; sex: Adult Male ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: COLOMBIA ; stateProvince: Meta; locality: San Martin: Reserva Natural El Caduceo ; verbatimElevation: 380 m ; decimalLatitude: 3.66593 ; decimalLongitude: -73.65773 ; georeferenceSources: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate: 2010-10-21 to 2010-10-23 ; Record Level: institutionCode: UCR Type status: Paratype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00009475 ; occurrenceRemarks: LOT#992; Drake Collection; recordedBy: T. L. Erwin et al. ; sex: Adult Male ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: ECUADOR ; stateProvince: Orellana; locality: Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent. ; verbatimElevation: 216 m ; decimalLatitude: -0.65714 ; decimalLongitude: -76.453 ; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol: Fogging ; eventDate: 1995-02-10 ; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Paratype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00009476 ; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy: T. L. Erwin et al. ; sex: Adult Male ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: ECUADOR ; stateProvince: Orellana; locality: Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent. ; verbatimElevation: 216 m ; decimalLatitude: -0.65714 ; decimalLongitude: -76.453 ; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol: Fogging ; eventDate: 1996-10-02 ; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Paratype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00009477 ; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy: T. L. Erwin et al. ; sex: Adult Male ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: ECUADOR ; stateProvince: Orellana; locality: Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent. ; verbatimElevation: 216 m ; decimalLatitude: -0.65714 ; decimalLongitude: -76.453 ; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol: Fogging ; eventDate: 1996-10-02 ; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Paratype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00009479 ; occurrenceRemarks: Lot#1582 - Collection code moved to this field to prevent duplication.; recordedBy: T. L. Erwin et al. ; sex: Adult Male ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: ECUADOR ; stateProvince: Orellana; locality: Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent. ; verbatimElevation: 216 m ; decimalLatitude: -0.65714 ; decimalLongitude: -76.453 ; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol: Fogging ; eventDate: 1996-06-26 ; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Paratype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00025329 ; recordedBy: G. Zambrano ; sex: Adult Male ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: COLOMBIA ; stateProvince: Caqueta; locality: Valparaiso, Vda. Palastina Fca. La Ilusion ; verbatimElevation: 225 m ; decimalLatitude: 1.18333 ; decimalLongitude: -75.7 ; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate: 1997-01-24 ; Record Level: institutionCode: UNAB Type status: Paratype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00029302 ; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy: J. E. Eger ; sex: Adult Male ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: BRAZIL ; stateProvince: Rondonia; locality: 62 km SW of Ariquemes, near Fzda. Rancho Grande ; decimalLatitude: -10.32921 ; decimalLongitude: -63.46881 ; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate: 1992-03-30 to 1992-04-10 ; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Paratype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00029304 ; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy: Unknown ; sex: Adult Male ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: PERU ; stateProvince: Ucayali; locality: Porvenir, Pulcal[l]pa ; verbatimElevation: 158 m ; decimalLatitude: -8.3825 ; decimalLongitude: -74.5381 ; georeferenceSources: Gazetteer; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate: 1992-07-01 ; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Paratype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00029305 ; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy: L. E. Pena ; sex: Adult Male ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: COLOMBIA ; stateProvince: Vaupes; locality: Mitu ; verbatimElevation: 184 m ; decimalLatitude: 1.1983 ; decimalLongitude: -70.1733 ; georeferenceSources: Gazetteer; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate: 1990-07-06 to 1990-07-17 ; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Paratype . Occurrence: catalogNumber: UCR_ENT 00057802 ; occurrenceRemarks: Previously designated as 'allotype', a type status not used in the formal publication of this name (Zhang et al.); recordedBy: H. Sturm ; sex: Adult Female ; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country: COLOMBIA ; stateProvince: unknown; locality: unknown ; Identification: identifiedBy: G. Zhang ; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate: No date provided ; Record Level: institutionCode: AMNH Description Figs 153, 154, 155 Male: (Fig. 153a, b) Medium-sized, total length 11.87-13.06 mm (mean 12.51 mm, Suppl. material 2); slender. COLORATION: Head reddish-brown, anterior to antennal insertion and posterior third of postocular lobe lighter. Rest of surface of body nearly uniformly blackish-brown, area around humeral angle lighter, somewhat reddish. Membrane with blue, purple iridescence. VESTITURE: Sparsely setose. Dark, moderately dense, short, erect, spine-like setae on dorsum of head, more curved on postocular lobe; ventral surface with sparse, short, erect and recumbent setae, few long setae. Pronotal dorsum nearly glabrous, very sparse, short, erect and recumbent spine-like setae; lateral surface with sparse, erect to recumbent setae; setal tracts on anterior lobe very reduced. Pleura with sparse, erect setae and moderately dense, recumbent setae. Abdomen with sparse, short, semi-erect or recumbent setae, intermixed with few longer setae. Pygophore with sparse, short to long, semi-erect or erect setae; Paramere apical half with dense, long setae, more than 1/2 length of medial process. STRUCTURE: Head: Cylindrical, L/W = 2.39. Postocular lobe long; in dorsal view distinctly narrowing through anterior 2/3, posterior 1/3 constant, tube-like. Eye prominent; lateral margin much wider than postocular lobe; dorsal margin removed from postocular transverse groove, ventral margin attaining ventral surface of head in lateral view. Labium: I: II: III = 1: 1.9: 0.3. Basiflagellomere diameter larger than that of pedicel. Thorax: Anterolateral angle bearing small projection; medial longitudinal sulcus shallow near collar, deepening posteriorly. Posterior pronotal lobe with rugulose surface; disc distinctly elevated above humeral angle; humeral angle armed, with dentate or spinous process. Scutellum moderately long; apex angulate, very slightly projected upward. Legs: Very slender. Hemelytron: Surpassing apex of abdomen by about length of abdominal segment seven; quadrate cell small, relatively broad; Cu and M of cubital cell subparallel. GENITALIA: (Fig. 154) Pygophore: Ovoid; mid-lateral fold adjacent to paramere insertion inconspicuous; not expanded laterally in dorsal view. Medial process expanded laterally; rather broad; long; anteroposteriorly compressed; erect; straight; apex in posterior view rounded, subapical transverse hooklike bridge. Paramere: Cylindrical; long, surpassing medial process; curved ventrad at mid-point, apex recurved. Phallus: Dorsal phallothecal sclerite shield-shaped, sclerite absent laterad to basal arms; lateral longitudinal blade-like heavy sclerotization, pressed against phallothecal sclerite, reaching apical margin; area between these raised; apical portion of phallothecal sclerite not distinctly tapered, flat, lateral margin narrowly angulate, angulation ending anteriorly in sharp, dorsad projection; apex with small medial emargination; posterior margin of foramen inversely V-shaped. Struts attached to dorsal phallothecal sclerite; apically separate, connected by bridge; basally separate. Basal plate arm robust; basally fused; in lateral view strongly curved at midpoint; bridge extremely short; extension of basal plate expanded onto arm. Female: (Fig. 153c, d) Similar to male, except for the following. Larger than male, total length 15.02 mm (n=1, Suppl. material 2). Spinous process on humeral angle long. Diagnosis The dorsal coloration nearly uniformly dark brown, the head reddish-brown, the membrane with indistinct iridescence are characteristic of this species. Most similar to Z. erythrocephalus and Z. russulumus ; males can be distinguished from both by the rather wide medial process and the uniquely shaped paramere (Fig. 14). Females of Z. erythrocephalus , Z. paracephalus and Z. russulumus are difficult to separate. Distribution South America (Fig. 155). Countries with specimen records: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.