Mahechadendron puntecascarillo (Vochysiaceae), a new genus and forest tree species from Colombia Author Ariza-Cortés, William 0000-0002-8423-8256 Herbario Forestal, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 5 Este No. 15 - 82, Bogotá, Colombia & wgarizac @ udistrital. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8423 - 8256 wgarizac@udistrital.edu.co Author Cortés-B, Rocio 0000-0003-2781-5747 Herbario Forestal, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 5 Este No. 15 - 82, Bogotá, Colombia & rpcortesb @ udistrital. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2781 - 5747 rpcortesb@udistrital.edu.co Author Fernández-Alonso, José Luis 0000-0002-1701-480X Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Claudio Moyano 1, 28014, Madrid, Spain & jlfernandeza @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1701 - 480 X jlfernandeza@rjb.csic.es text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-03-25 541 2 89 112 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.2.1 journal article 20095 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.2.1 181ca3af-69ba-42a3-95a7-3654844046f7 1179-3163 6388623 Key to the genera of Vochysiaceae 1. Trees with unilocular inferior ovary, samaroid fruits .........................................................................................................................2 - Trees, shrubs or subshrubs with trilocular superior ovary, capsular fruits (Neotropics)...................................................................4 2. Flowers with five petals, fruits with five wings (West Africa)...........................................................................................................3 - Flowers with a single petal, fruits with four wings (Neotropics) ............................................................................................. Erisma 3. Calyx with three petaloid sepals and two non-petaloid.............................................................................................. Korupodendron - Calyx with five non-petaloid sepals ............................................................................................................................. Erismadelphus 4. Petals 5, branches with 5–9 leaves per node ......................................................................................................................... Salvertia - Petals absent, 1 or 3, branches with 2–5(8) leaves per node ..............................................................................................................5 5. Petals usually 3, less often absent or 1 .................................................................................................................................. Vochysia - Petals 1................................................................................................................................................................................................6 6. Stipules transformed into glands, fruit without a central column ......................................................................................................7 - Stipules obsolete, not transformed into glands, fruit with a thick and persistent central column ......................................................8 7. Unspurred sepal lobes appressed to the spurred sepal and much shorter than it; anther with unilaterally ciliated theca.................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... Ruizterania - Unspurred sepal lobes not appressed to the spurred sepal, generally of similar length; anther glabrous or hairy only on back ......... .................................................................................................................................................................................................. Qualea 8. Inflorescences in cincinnus with 1–5 flowers, unguiculate petal, fruits with brittle exocarp that separates unevenly from the endocarp, circularly winged seeds..................................................................................................................................... Callisthene - Inflorescences in compound dichasia with more than 16 flowers, sessile petal, fruits with exocarp soft, not brittle, not separated from the endocarp, unilaterally winged seeds .......................................................................................................... Mahechadendron