Revision of Thai Dissomphalus Ashmead, 1893 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), with description of twenty four new species Author MUGRABI, DANIELE F. Author AZEVEDO, CELSO O. text Zootaxa 2013 2013-05-22 3662 1 1 73 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3662.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3662.1.1 1175­5334 10097894 F8E5DC33-8045-4511-B046-90F59E97BD1D Dissomphalus thaianus Terayama, 2001 ( Figs 19–21 , 101 , 148–150 ) Dissomphalus thaianus Terayama 2001: 86 ( ♂ , description, fig. 16-19); 2003: 13 (cladistic analysis). Diagnosis. MALE. Mandible with three apical teeth. Clypeus with trapezoidal median lobe, median carina straight and low in profile. Frons coriaceous, frontal impression short, punctures shallow, dense and large. Vertex broad, slightly convex. Tergal process with pair of circular, very shallow submedian depression, tubercle short, wide, tuft of dense, short setae, tubercle and tuft directed upward ( Figs 19–21 ). Genitalia large with dorsal body wider medially; aedeagal ventral ramus wide, wider medially, not reach base of apical lobe of dorsal body; aedeagal apodeme extending much far beyond genital ring, apical region curved mesad. FEMALE unknown. Description of hypopygium and genitalia. Hypopygium with conical median stalk, base very wide, 1.31 × as long as hypopygium, posterior margin almost straight ( Fig. 101 ). Genitalia ( Fig. 148–150 ). Paramere with apex non-medially curved, triangular in lateral view. Basivolsella with widened inner margin. Cuspis wide. Digitus with expanded base. Aedeagus with ventral ramus much shorter than dorsal body, laminar, surface horizontal, wider medially, inner margin straight, outer margin convex, apex rounded; dorsal body with one pair of outer apical lobes, laminar, surface vertical, apex strongly curved upward, ventral margin weakly serrate. Apodeme of aedeagus extending beyond genital ring. Material examined. Holotype , ♂ THAILAND . Nakhon Ratchasima , Khao Yai National Park , 700-800 m ., 18- 24-IV-1990 , Forest, M. T ., E. Fuller (PMAE). New material . THAILAND . Malaise trap . Chiang Mai : 1 ♂ Doi Phahompok NP , Kiewlom 1: Montane Forest , 20°3.455’N 99°8.551’E , 2174 m , 7-14.x.2007 , Komwuan Srisom & Prasit Wongchai leg., T2815 ; Huai Nam Dang NP , Thawatchai Boonthum & Anuchart Chaimuengchun leg., 8 ♂ behind visitor house, 19°18.712’N 98°36.399’E , 1670 m , 31.vii-7.viii.2007 , T 2804; 1 ♂ Check Point 2, 19°18.239’N 98°36.292’E , 1590 m , 31.vii-7.viii.2007 , T2827 ; 1 ♂ Doi Inthanon NP , Vachiratharn Falls , 18°32.311’N 98°36.048’E , 700 m , 22.vii-2.viii.2006 , Y. Areeluck leg., T116 . Mae Hong Son : Namtok Mae Surin NP, Areerat Kumkhun leg., 8-15.vii.2007 , 1 ♂ Near Visitor Center , 19°21.502’N 97°59.263’E , 228 m , T2845 ; 1 ♂ Beside Small stream, 19°20.803’N 97°59.014’E , 293 m , T2801 ; 1 ♂ Beside Phai Kho Water Reservior , 19°20.766’N 97°59.132’E , 256 m , T2824 . Sakon Nakhon : Phu Phan NP , 1 ♂ Kam Hom waterfall at Haew Sin chai, 17°7.415’N 104°1.179’E , 347 m , 10-16.ix.2006 , Sailom Tongboonchai leg., T613 ; 1 ♂ , Kam Hom waterfall at Sao Hai area , 17°7.340’N 104°0.788’E , 344 m , 4-10.ix.2006 , Winlon Khongnara leg., T609 ; Sailom Tongboonchai leg., 1 ♂ Behind forest protection unit at Huay Wien Prai , 17°6.863’N 104°0.327’E , 387 m , 25.ii- 3.iii.2007 , T1695 ; 1 ♂ Behind Huay Wien Prai Forest Unit, 17°6.810’N 104°0.318’E , 318 m , 15-21.viii.2006 , T509 ; Behind office, 17°3.543’N 103°58.452’E , 312 m , Winlon Kongnara leg. , 2 ♂ 8-14.vii.2006 , T197 ; 1 ♂ 27.vii-2.viii.2006 , T206 ; Sailom Tongboonchai leg., 1 ♂ North of well, 17°3.543’N 103°58.452’E , 312 m , 5- 11.i.2007 , T1516 ; Behind office , 1 ♂ , 17°3.521’N 103°58.450’E , 322 m , 21-27.vii.2006 , T204 ; 1 ♂ 17°3.488’N 103°58.497’E , 318 m , 21-27.vii.2006 , T205 ; 1 ♂ Creek at northend of Huay Nam Pung Forest Unit, 16°55.789’N 103°54.158’E , 305 m , 19-25.xi.2006 , Sailom Tongboonchai leg., T1102 ; Phu Pha Yon NP , Deciduous dipterocarp forest, 16°55.449’N 104°10.757’E , 295 m , Manop Ngoyjansri & Chatree Cheaukamjan leg. , 1 ♂ 5-11.vii.2006 , T291 , 1 ♂ 23-29.vii.2006 , T300 ; 1 ♂ Reservoir , 16°55.655’N 104°10.658’E , 280 m , 23-29.vii.2006 , T299 ; Phu Phan NP, 1 ♂ Forest near Huay Nam Pung Dam , 16°54.713’N 103°54.294’E , 289 m , Pan trap , 7-8.xi.2006 , Sailom Tongboonchai leg., T1088 ; Creek at entrance of Huay Nam Pung Forest unit, 16°54.630’N 103°54.266’E , 281 m , Malaise trap , Winlon Khongnara leg. , 1 ♂ 13-19.xi.2006 , T1097 , 2 ♂ 25.xi-2.xii.2006 , T1103 ; Dry evergreen near house no.1567, 16°48.627’N 103°53.511’E , 512 m , 1 ♂ , Winlon Kongnara leg., 4-10.vi.2007 , T2492 ; Sailom Tongboonchai leg., 2 ♂ 6-13.xi.2006 , T1094 , 1 ♂ 16°48.628’N 103°53.591’E , 522 m , 16-22.vi.2007 , T2499 . Phitsanulok : Thung Salaeng Luang NP , Mixed deciduous forest, Pongpitak Pranee leg. , 2 ♂ ( Gang Sopa watrfall), 16°52.642’N 100°49.441’E , 481 m , Pan trap , 14-15.x.2006 , T754 ; Malaise trap, 1 ♂ 16°50.563’N 100°51.757’E , 481 m , 25.ix-2.x.2006 , T933 . Loei : Phu Kradueng NP , 1 ♂ office, 17°28.805’N 101°21.242’E , 870 m , 19- 26.vii.2006 , Nukoonchai Jaroenchai leg. T318 ; 2 ♂ Subhnonghin , 17°28.772’N 101°21.308’E , 860 m , 12- 19.vii.2006 , Patikhom Tamtip leg. T313 ; Sutin Khonglasae leg., 1 ♂ Huay Lao Kao , 16°52.442’N 101°50.706’E , 280 m , 23-30.viii.2006 , T490 ; Koke Hin Ngam , 16°51.817’N 101°50.704’E , 270 m , 3 ♂ 9-16.viii.2006 , T483 ; 2 ♂ 23-30.viii.2006 , T489 ; 2 ♂ 30.viii-6.ix.2006 , T492 ; 1 ♂ Huay Ta Hack , 16°51.958’N 101°50.668’E , 280 m , 30.viii-6.ix.2006 , T491 ; 1 ♂ Forest protection unit Loei 5 ( Phakbung ), 16°50.493’N 101°41.726’E , 412 m , 25.ii- 1.iii.2007 , Sonkgran Kamtue leg., T1506 . Phetchabun : Nam Nao NP , 1 ♂ Tham Pra Laad Forest Unit, 16°44.986’N 101°27.874’E , 711 m , 14-21.viii.2006 , Leng Janteab leg., T428 ; Noopien Hongyothee leg., 1 ♂ Hell evergreen forest, 16°44.402’N 101°34.560’E , 883 m , 27.xi-4.xii.2006 , T1329 ; 1 ♂ Forest protection unit - Huay Pralard cave , 16°44.986’N 101°27.874’E , 711 m , 22-29.i.2007 , T1626 ; 1 ♂ Checkpoint , 16°43.687’N 101°33.754’E , 924 m , 22-29.iii.2007 , Leng Janteab leg., T2293 ; Somchai Chatchumnan & Sa-ink Singtong leg., 2 ♂ office, 16°39.550’N 101°8.123’E , 230 m , 19-26.vii.2006 , T170 ; 1 ♂ Thanthip waterfall, 16°39.087’N 101°7.777’E , 210 m , 5-12.ix.2006 , T589 ; Thung Salaeng Luang NP , Kaeng Wang Nam Yen , 16°37.178’N 100°53.504’E , 1 ♂ 16-22.xi.2006 , T1158 ; 2 ♂ 29.xi-6.xii.2006 , T1164 . Kamphaeng Phet : 2 ♂ , Mae Wong NP , Chong Yen , 16°5.968’N 99°6.472’E , 1306 m , 1-8.x.2007 , Chumpol Piluk & Aram Inpuang leg., T2816 . Chaiyaphum : Tat Tone NP , 1 ♂ Dry dipterocarp forest near swamp at Sab somboon forest unit, 16°1.059’N 101°58.603’E , 674 m , 12-19.xi.2006 , Tawit Jaruphan leg., T1140 ; 1 ♂ Entrance to Pa Eang waterfall, 15°57.520’N 101°54.442’E , 297 m , Litter sample, 5-8.x.2006 , T668 ; Malaise trap, 1 ♂ watershed station 2, 15°57.243’N 101°54.079’E , 271 m , 12-19.x.2006 , T680 ; Tawit Jaruphan & Orawan Budsawong leg., 1 ♂ water supply station at Taad Fah waterfall, 15°56.468’N 102°5.855’E , 245 m , 5-12.ix.2006 , T868 ; Staff house at Takfah waterfall, 15°56.461’N 102°5.955’E , 242 m , 2 ♂ 5-12.ix.2006 , T867 ; 3 ♂ 12-19.ix.2006 , T870 ; 1 ♂ 26.ix-3.x.2006 , T876 ; Katae Sa-nog & Buakaw Adnafai leg., Pa Hin Ngam NP , Dry dipterocarp forest at Lan Hin Nor , 15°37.683’N 101°23.323’E , 681 m , 3 ♂ 3-9.iii.2007 , T2327 , 3 ♂ 9-15.iii.2007 , T2330 , 2 ♂ 15-21.iii.2007 , T2333 ; Nature trail at Lan Hin Nau , 15°37.615’N 101°23.436’E , 668 m , 1 ♂ 1-7.ix.2006 , T845 , 14 ♂ 7-13.ix.2006 , T848 , 10 ♂ 13- 19.ix.2006 , T851 , 10 ♂ 19-26.ix.2006 , T854 ; 6 ♂ Dry evergreen forest at Lan Hin Nor , 15°37.540’N 101°23.313’E , 673 m , 21-27.iii.2007 , T2335 . Ubon Ratchathani : Pha Taem NP , 3 ♂ Don Huay Can , 15°40.016’N 105°30.502’E , 246 m , 9-15.vi.2007 , Tongcam & Banlu leg., T2208 ; 2 ♂ Irrigation area west of Huay Pok forest unit, 15°37.321’N 105°36.982’E , 419 m , 20-27.x.2006 , T726 ; 3 ♂ Huay Pok waterfall, 15°37.321’N 105°36.982’E , 419 m , 27.x-3.xi.2006 , Pornthip Tonsu leg., T730 ; Bunlu Sapsiri leg., 438 m , 1 ♂ west of HuayPok ♂ 18-25.ix.2006 , T893 , 2 ♂ 25.ix-1.x.2006 , T896 ; 2 ♂ Saengjan waterfall, 15°31.985’N 105°35.774’E , 155 m , 18- 25.ix.2006 , Mitchai Sai-ngam leg., T894 ; 1 ♂ Saeng Chan Waterfall , 15°31.985’N 105°35.774’E , 155 m , 12- 20.iii.2007 , Porntip Tonsu & Bunlu Sapsiri leg., T2146 ; Giant liana, 15°30.914’N 105°35.369’E , 120 m , Mitchai Sai-ngam leg. , 2 ♂ 11-18.ix.2006 , T892 , 2 ♂ 25.ix-1.x.2006 , T898 ; First tier of Huay Sa Nhom waterfall, 15°27.407’N 105°34.867’E , 230 m , 1 ♂ 18-25.xi.2006 , Sorawit and Thongdee leg., T1059 ; 1 ♂ Pan trap , 7- 8.v.2007 , Sorawit Mingman leg., T2182 ; Malaise trap, 1 ♂ First level-Huay Sa-nhom waterfall, 15°27.407’N 105°34.867’E , 230 m , 2-9.v.2007 , Sorawit Mingman leg., T2185 ; Wild flower field 1, 15°27.336’N 105°34.870’E , 232 m , 1 ♂ 11-18.xi.2006 , Sorawit and Thongdee leg., T1057 ; Sorawit Mingman leg., 1 ♂ 2-9.v.2007 , T2186 , 1 ♂ 9-16.v.2007 , T2189 , 2 ♂ 16-23.v.2007 , T2192 ; 1 ♂ Huay Sa Nhom , plateau, 15°27.435’N 105°34.838’E , 238 m , 4- 11.xi.2006 , Sorawit and Thongdee leg., T1052 ; Don Huay Sa-nhom , 15°27.435’N 105°34.838’E , 238 m , Sorawit Mingman leg. , 5 ♂ 2-9.v.2007 , T2184 , 1 ♂ 9-16.v.2007 , T2187 , 1 ♂ 23-30.v.2007 , T2193 ; 1 ♂ First level-Huay Sa-nhom waterfall, 15°27.407’N 105°34.867’E , 230 m , 9-16.v.2007 , Sorawit Mingman leg., T2188 ; Bunlu Subsiri leg., 1 ♂ Don Rong pond, 15°24.582’N 105°30.935’E , 250 m , Pan trap , 11-12.viii.2006 , T460 ; Malaise trap , Kua nang nee 15°24.258’N 105°30.855’E , 193 m , 16 ♂ 5-12.viii.2006 , T463 , 13 ♂ 12-18.viii.2006 , T466 , 1 ♂ 18- 25.viii.2006 , T469 , 2 ♂ 25.viii-2.ix.2006 , T472 . Suphanburi : Pu Toei NP , 1 ♂ Huai-Tapern /next to waterfall, 14°58.934’N 99°19.31’E , 14-21.ii.2009 , Wangkum P. leg. T3860 ; Saunbua.L. leg., 1 ♂ , Phu Toei hill top/road, 14°57.320’N 99°26.972’E , 650 m , 1-8.viii.2008 , T3136 ; 1 ♂ Huai Mongpae /stream, 14°56.981’N 99°26.733’E , 300 m , 1-8.viii.2008 , T3128 . Kanchanaburi : Khuean Srinagarindra NP , 1 ♂ Huay Mae Kamint / Tourist center, 14°38.312’N 98°59.643’E , 210 m , 20-27.xi.2008 , Somboon & Daorueng leg. T4428 ; Behind tourist center, 14°38.155’N 98°59.85’E 210 m , 1 ♂ 22-28.viii.2008 , Chatchawan & Boonkam leg., T3421 , 1 ♂ , 15-22.viii.2008 , Chatchawan leg. T3420 ; 6 ♂ , Tourist center, 14°38.136’N 98°59.837’E 210 m , 11-18.vii.2008 , Somboon & Chatchawan leg. T3432 ; Tha Thung-na / Chong Kraborg , Boonnam & Phumarin leg., 210 m , 1 ♂ 14°38.123’N 98°59.657’E , 9-16.x.2008 , T3469 , 2 ♂ 14°29.972’N 98°53.035’E , 5-12.iii.2009 , T4778 ; Huai Mae Kamint / 500 m , /W of HQ, 14°29.972’N 98°53.035’E , Somboon & Daorueng leg. , 1 ♂ , 2-9.x.2008 , T3449 , 1 ♂ , 25.ix-2.x.2008 , T3448 , 1 ♂ , 18-25.ix.2008 , Chatchawan & Boonkam leg. T3447 ; Tha Thung-na / Chong Kraborg , 14°29.972’N 98°53.035’E 210 m , Boonnam & Phumarin leg. , 3 ♂ , 25.xii.2008 - 1.i.2009 , T4437 , 2 ♂ , 8-15.i.2009 , T4454 , 2 ♂ , 30.x-6.xi.2008 , T3472 ; Chong Kraborg , 14°29.972’N 98°53.035’E 210 m , Boonnam & Phumarin leg. , 2 ♂ , 28.viii-4.ix.2008 , T3430 , 2 ♂ , 22-28.viii.2008 , T3429 . Nakhon Ratchasima : 1 ♂ Khao Yai NP , evergreen forest near Tiger Trail , 14°27.511’N 101°22.408’E , 760 m , 5-12.vi.2007 , Pong Sandao leg., T2223 . Nakhon Nayok : Khao Yai NP , 2 ♂ secondary forest near Hnong Pakchee , 14°27.167’N 101°21.850’E , 758 m , 5-12.v.2007 , Pong Sandao leg., T2263 ; Moist evergreen forest near the reservoir, 14°27.119’N 101°21.482’E , 699 m , Wirat Sookkho leg. , 1 ♂ 5-12.xi.2006 , T991 , 1 ♂ 19-26.xi.2006 , T997 ; evergreen forest near Hnong Pakchee , 14°27.119’N 101°21.482’E , 699 m , 3 ♂ 5-12.v.2007 , Pong Sandao leg., T2265 , 1 ♂ 19-26.v.2007 , Wirat Sukho leg., T2271 ; 1 ♂ entrance of Hnong Pak Chee Trail , 14°27.115’N 101°21.951’E , 733 m , 26.v-2.vi.2007 , Wirat Sukho leg., T2273 ; Lam Takong view point, 14°25.820’N 101°23.754’E , 744 m , Pong Sandao leg. ; 1 ♂ 19- 26.x.2006 , T748 , 1 ♂ 26.x-2.xi.2006 , T751 ; 1 ♂ Lum Ta Kong View Point , 14°25.565’N 101°23.442’E , 726 m , 26.iv-2.v.2007 , Pong Sandao leg., T2130 ; 1 ♂ secondary dry evergreen behind football field, 14°24.784’N 101°22.593’E , 757 m , 19-26.i.2007 , Wirat Sookkho leg., T1417 ; Pong Sandao leg., Behind Headmasters House , 14°24.781’N 101°22.689’E , 770 m , 1 ♂ 5-12.vii.2006 , T144 , 1 ♂ 26.vii-2.viii.2006 , T153 ; 14°24.522’N 101°22.434’E , 750 m , 1 ♂ Nature trail in secondary forest, 12-19.viii.2006 , T402 ; 1 ♂ Secondary forest Trail near Training Center 2, 12-19.ii.2007 , T2245 ; 1 ♂ Nature trail insecondary moist evergreen forest, 14°24.515’N 101°22.432’E , 750 m , 19-26.viii.2006 , T406 ; 3 ♂ near Training Center 2, 14°24.515’N 101°22.432’E , 750 m , 5- 12.ii.2007 , T2243 ; 2 ♂ Evergreen forest Trail near Training Center 2, 14°24.482’N 101°22.388’E , 755 m , 19- 26.ii.2007 , T2250 ; 1 ♂ Khao Keow spirit house, 14°22.960’N 101°23.253’E , 750 m , 5-12.ix.2006 , T909 . Petchaburi : Kaeng Krachan NP , 1 ♂ Panernthung /km30, 12°49.598’N 99°21.827’E , 19-26.ix.2008 , Sirichai & Jatupon leg. T4369 ; 1 ♂ Panernthung /km27, 12°49.302’N 99°22.263’E , 4-11.xii.2008 , Sirichai leg. T4399 ; 2 ♂ , Pa La-U/ Huai Palao Forest Unit3, 12°32.149’N 99°28.265’E , 28.xii.2008 - 4.i.2009 , Thongbai leg. T4558 . Chanthaburi : Khao Khitchakut NP , 1 ♂ N/4th level waterfall, 12°50.22’N 102°7.6’E , 905 m , 21- 28.i.2009 , Suthida & Charoenchai leg. T4016 ; 1 ♂ 200 m , from sala/ Klong Chang Sae waterfall to Khao Prabaht , 12°49.28’N 102°9.29’E , 285 m , 6-13.xi.2008 , Suthida & Charoenchai leg. T3973 ; Prabaht unit/ 20 m to the bridge, 14.vii.2008 , T2984 ; 100 m , N/ Prabaht Unit , 12°48.842’N 102°9.144’E , 203 m , Suthida & Charoenchai leg. , 1 ♂ 1- 7.vii.2008 , T2972 , 1 ♂ 21-28.vii.2008 , T2969 , 1 ♂ 14-21.vii.2008 , T2989 ; 1 ♂ 50 m NE/ Prabaht Unit , 12°48.779’N 102°9.181’E , 107 m , 21-28.vii.2008 Suthida & Charoenchai leg., T2981 . Prachuap Khiri Khan : Khao Sam Roi Yot NP , 3 ♂ Checkpoint 1/ Ban Hua Tan Thaeo , 12°13.059’N 99°58.384’E , 26.x-2.xi.2008 , Yai ; Amnad leg. T4127 ; 1 ♂ Laem Sala beach, 12°12.234’N 100°0.767’E , 20-27.vii.2008 , Yai & Amnad leg., T3014 . Surat Thani : Khao Sok NP , Pongphan leg., 3 ♂ Bang Huaraed , 8°54.555’N 98°30.522’E , 123 m , 10- 17.vii.2008 , T3050 ; Bang Huaraed , 8°54.555’N 98°30.522’E 122 m , Pongphan leg. 1 ♂ 17-24.iii.2009 , T4459 , 1 ♂ s 21-28.iv.2009 , T4570 , 1 ♂ 23-30.xii.2008 , T3894 , 6 ♂ 28.x-4.xi.2008 , T3405 ; 2 ♂ Headquarter , 8°54.896’N 98°31.81’E , 115 m , 24-31.viii.2008 , Buathong ;S. leg. T3358 ; 1 ♂ Klong Morg Unit , 8°53.725’N 98°39.025’E , 87 m , 4-11.xi.2008 , Pongphan leg. T3410 ; Klong Morg Unit , 8°53.725’N 98°39.025’E , 87 m , 1 ♂ 10-17.viii.2008 , T3365 , 1 ♂ 17-24.ii.2009 , T3938 . Remarks. Dissomphalus thaianus was known as the most abundant species in Thailand (see Terayama 2001 ). This species represents about 10% of the material collected for the present study, which corroborates the data on its large abundance. D. barbus sp. nov. and D. magnetus sp. nov. are similar to D. thaianus because of the following characteristics: basiparamere and paramere narrow in dorsal view, aedeagal dorsal body wide and ventral ramus wider medially. However, dorsal body of D. thaianus is wider medially, and the apex of the inner lobes is little exposed; the length of the ventral ramus does not reach the base of the apical lobe of dorsal body, which is wider medially; and the aedeagal apodeme extends much far beyond the genital ring, and has its apical region curved mesad. Distribution. Thailand ( Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son , Sakon Nakhon , Phitsanulok , Loei , Phetchabun , Kamphaeng Phet , Chaiyaphum , Ubon Ratchathani , Suphanburi , Kanchanaburi , Nakhon Ratchasima , Nakhon Nayok , Bangkok , Petchaburi, Chanthaburi , Prachuap Khiri Khan and Surat Thani ); India ( Karnataka and Tamil Nadu ).