Triepeolus tuberculifer Onuferko, Rightmyer & Roig-Alsina, 2024

Onuferko, Thomas M. & Rightmyer, Molly G., 2024, A revision of the simplex species group of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Triepeolus Robertson, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 950 (1), pp. 1-106 : 96-100

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2024.950.2643
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ACFB8240-3FDC-43B8-8200-236BFE00AD94
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742615
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F531F-FFAA-FFCB-33C9-FB02FAFFFB01
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Triepeolus tuberculifer Onuferko, Rightmyer & Roig-Alsina, 2024
status

Treatment

Figs 1 View Fig , 9A View Fig

Triepeolus tuberculifer Onuferko, Rightmyer & Roig-Alsina in Onuferko et al., 2024: 41 View Cited Treatment (♀, ♂), figs 1i, 13d, 15b, 16.

Triepeolus View in CoL n. sp. 2 – Rightmyer 2008: 30 (in key).

Proposed common name

Tubercled triepeolus.

Diagnosis

Unique to T. tuberculifer within the genus are the distinctly tuberculate pro- and mesotrochanters ( Fig. 9A View Fig ). Additionally, T. tuberculifer is the only South American species in the T. simplex group in which T1 has subparallel basal and apical transverse bands, which are joined on each side by a distinct longitudinal band such that the discal patch is transversely oblong ( Fig. 1 View Fig ), and T2–T4 have medially interrupted apical transverse bands ( Fig. 1 View Fig ).

Etymology

See Onuferko et al. (2024).

Material examined

See Onuferko et al. (2024).

DNA barcoded material

Unavailable.

Redescription

This species was recently described ( Onuferko et al. 2024), and a redescription is not warranted.

Distribution

Northern South America ( Onuferko et al. 2024: fig. 1i).

Ecology

Host records

Unknown.

Floral records

Unknown.

Remarks

Detailed morphological and taxonomic remarks about this species are given in Onuferko et al. (2024).

Key to both sexes of the species of the Triepeolus simplex View in CoL group

1. T1 with basal band of pale tomentum arched, on each side (or each if medially interrupted) continuous with (and indistinguishable from) lateral longitudinal band, such that discal patch triangular, semicircular, or crescent-shaped (as in Fig. 11C View Fig ; for additional examples see also Figs 13 View Fig , 21B View Fig , 25B View Fig ) .................................................................................................................................................. 2

– Not as above. T1 basal and apical transverse bands (if present and distinct) joined laterally with abrupt transition between basal band and lateral longitudinal band ( Fig. 11D–E View Fig ) (at least if transverse bands not effectively mirror images, as in Figs 1 View Fig , 23B View Fig ), such that discal patch quadrangular or transversely oblong or elliptic (as in Fig. 15 View Fig ; for additional examples see also Figs 1 View Fig , 11A, D–E View Fig , 14B, 16B, 17B, 19B, 22B, 23B, 24B, 26B, 27B, 28B, 29B, 30B, 31B) .................................................................... 8

2. Mesoscutum without well-defined paramedian band of yellow tomentum ( Figs 13B View Fig , 21B View Fig ). T1 without apical transverse band ( Figs 13B View Fig , 21B View Fig ); if T1 extensively covered in pale tomentum, then tomentum on apical impressed area not forming distinct transverse band ....................................... 3

– Mesoscutum with well-defined paramedian band of off-white to yellow tomentum ( Figs 13A View Fig , 16B View Fig , 19B View Fig , 25B View Fig , 31B View Fig ). T1 with ( Figs 11C–E View Fig , 13A, 19B, 25B) or without apical transverse band ............ 4

3. Mesoscutum with pale (yellow) tomentum restricted to lateral and posterior margins ( Fig. 21B View Fig ) [Southwestern United States to Central America] .............................. T. mexicanus ( Cresson, 1878) View in CoL

– Mesoscutum with large anteromedial ovate patch of pale (yellow) tomentum, which may be sparser medially such that patch suggestive of ill-defined paramedian band ( Fig. 13B View Fig ) [South America] .... ........................................................................................................... T. nemoralis ( Holmberg, 1886) View in CoL

4. Axilla with pale pubescence all along its margins ( Figs 19B View Fig , 20A View Fig ). Pseudopygidial area of female with glabrous midline or distinct midline of posteriorly directed setae ( Fig. 19D View Fig ) ........................... ...................................................................................................... T. kathrynae Rozen, 1989 View in CoL (in part)

– Axilla without pale pubescence all along its margins ( Figs 13A View Fig , 16B View Fig , 25B View Fig , 31B View Fig ). Pseudopygidial area of female without glabrous midline ( Figs 16D View Fig , 25D View Fig , 31D View Fig ) ...................................................... 5

5. Mesopleuron with ventrolateral half sparsely punctate (some i>4d), laterally with sparse, pale-yellow, erect/suberect, simple setae (reaching about ½ MOD in length) in addition to the usual appressed, branched setae ( Figs 18B View Fig , 25A View Fig ). T1 discal patch crescent-shaped ( Fig. 25B View Fig ). T2 apical transverse band with pair of basomedially strongly convergent anterolateral extensions ( Fig. 25B View Fig ) ................................................................................................................... T. paucipunctatus sp. nov.

– Mesopleuron more densely punctate (i≤ 3d), laterally without erect/suberect, simple setae or with short (<¼ MOD), erect/suberect, simple setae ( Figs 6D View Fig , 16A, C View Fig , 18D View Fig , 31A, C View Fig ). T1 discal patch semicircular or triangular ( Figs 11C View Fig , 13A). T2 apical transverse band without anterolateral extensions ( Figs 10D View Fig , 11C–D View Fig , 16A–C, 31B–C) or with pair of ill-defined, perpendicular anterolateral extensions ( Fig. 13A View Fig ) ......................................................................................................................................... 6

6. Metasomal tergal bands progressively paler ( Figs 10A View Fig , 31 View Fig ). T2–T4 apical transverse bands clearly not as broad as bands on T1, those of T2–T3 medially somewhat removed from apical margins of terga ( Figs 10A View Fig , 31 View Fig ). S5 of male with short, straight subapical setae (only S4 with apical/subapical fringe of dense, long (>1 MOD), curved setae) ( Figs 10A View Fig , 31C View Fig ) [Nearctic] ..................................... .................................................................................................. T. simplex Robertson, 1903 View in CoL (in part)

– Metasomal tergal bands concolorous or T1 basal band paler than succeeding bands ( Figs 10D View Fig , 11C– D View Fig , 13A, 16). T2–T4 apical transverse bands about as broad as (if not broader than) bands on T1 and usually very little removed from apical margins of terga ( Figs 10D View Fig , 11C–D View Fig , 13A, 16). S4–S5 of male each with apical/subapical fringe of dense, long (>1 MOD), curved setae ( Figs 10D View Fig , 16C View Fig ) [Neotropics] ...................................................................................................................................... 7

7. T1 with ( Fig. 13A View Fig ) or without apical transverse band; if T1 with apical transverse band, then basal band not more widely interrupted medially than apical transverse band ( Fig. 13A View Fig ) [ Brazil] ............ .................................................................................................................. T. alvarengai Moure, 1955 View in CoL

– T1 with apical transverse band ( Figs 10D View Fig , 11C–D View Fig , 16A–C). T1 basal band more widely interrupted medially than apical transverse band ( Figs 11C–D View Fig , 16B) [ Mexico and Central America] ................ ....................................................................................................... T. eumeniformis sp. nov. (in part)

8. T1 basal band forming inflexed arch and thus gradually narrowed but not completely interrupted medially, such that discal patch with short, narrowed (i.e., inverted V-shaped) anteromedial projection (as in Fig. 15A, F View Fig ; for additional examples see also Figs 14B View Fig , 30B View Fig ). Legs entirely reddish orange from trochanters to tarsi ( Figs 14A–C View Fig , 30A–C View Fig ) ............................................................................... 9

– T1 basal band rather abruptly if not completely interrupted medially, with region of dark, short, appressed setae expanded basally or such that discal patch with inverted U- or horseshoe-shaped anteromedial projection (as in Fig. 15D–E View Fig ; for additional examples see also Figs 1 View Fig , 11A, D–E View Fig , 16B, 17B, 19B, 22B, 23B, 24B, 26B, 27B, 28B, 29B, 31B); if projection at all narrowed basomedially, then basal band deeply invaginated, such that basal transverse band appears completely interrupted medially in dorsal view( Fig.15B–C View Fig ).Legs entirely reddish orange from trochanters to tarsi ( Figs 17A– C View Fig , 18A View Fig , 19A–B View Fig , 23A–C View Fig , 24A–C View Fig , 27B View Fig , 29A–B View Fig ) to extensively dark brown/black ( Figs 11D View Fig , 18D, 19C, 22A–C, 26B, 31A–C) ............................................................................................................. 10

9. T1 apical transverse band interrupted or (less commonly) at least narrowed medially ( Figs 14B View Fig , 15A View Fig ). T2 apical transverse band complete or interrupted medially ( Figs 14B View Fig , 15A View Fig ) [Southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico] ...................................................................... T. apache sp. nov.

– T1 apical transverse band complete ( Figs 15F View Fig , 30B View Fig ) or (less commonly) narrowly interrupted medially. T2 apical transverse band complete ( Fig. 30B View Fig ) [northern Arizona and northern New Mexico to Western Canada] ................................................................................ T. shoshone sp. nov.

10. Mesopleuron laterally with long (≥½ MOD), erect/suberect, simple setae ( Figs 6B View Fig , 18A, C View Fig ) .......11

– Mesopleuron laterally without erect/suberect, simple setae or with short (<¼ MOD), erect/suberect, simple setae ( Figs 6D View Fig , 9 View Fig , 18D View Fig ) ....................................................................................................... 13

11. Legs extensively dark brown/black from coxae to femora ( Figs 18C View Fig , 28A–C View Fig ). Pseudopygidial area of female with underlying integument dark brown/black ( Fig. 28D View Fig ) ................................................. ....................................................................................... T. saturninus Cockerell & Sandhouse, 1924 View in CoL

– Legs entirely reddish orange from trochanters to tarsi ( Figs 6B View Fig , 17A–C View Fig , 18A View Fig , 24A–C View Fig ).Pseudopygidial area of female with underlying integument entirely dark brown/black ( Fig. 17D View Fig ) to predominantly reddish orange ( Fig. 24D View Fig ) ............................................................................................................... 12

12. Pseudopygidial area of female with three subregions of differentiated setae: basal patch of dense, golden setae; darker subapical band of sparser, coppery brown setae; and apical row of dense, suberect, silvery setae ( Fig. 17D View Fig ). Axilla black ( Figs 5C View Fig , 17B View Fig ). Generally smaller (body length 5.5–9.0 mm; ITW 1.2–1.7 mm) ( Fig. 17A–C View Fig ) [Southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico] .. ............................................................................................................................... T. hirsutus sp. nov.

– Pseudopygidial area of female without distinct subregions of differentiated setae; setae golden to silvery and relatively uniform in density ( Fig. 24D View Fig ). Axilla commonly with reddish tip ( Fig. 24B View Fig ). Generally larger (body length 8.0–12.0 mm; ITW 1.7–2.5 mm) ( Fig. 24A–C View Fig ) [Central and South Texas] ............................................................................................................ T. parahirsutus sp. nov.

13. T1 discal patch narrowly oblong or elliptic (as in Fig. 15C–D View Fig ; for additional examples see also Figs 1 View Fig , 22B View Fig , 23B View Fig , 26B View Fig ) ................................................................................................................... 14

– T1 discal patch trapezoidal (as in Fig. 15E View Fig ; for additional examples see also Figs 11A, D–E View Fig , 16B, 19B, 27B, 29B, 31B) ...................................................................................................................... 17

14. Pro- and mesotrochanters distinctly tuberculate ( Fig. 9A View Fig ) [northern South America] ....................... ................................................................ T. tuberculifer Onuferko, Rightmyer & Roig-Alsina, 2024

– Pro- and mesotrochanters not tuberculate ( Fig. 9B–D View Fig ) [North America] ...................................... 15

15. Mesoscutum and metasomal terga with bands of pale-gray to white/off-white, short, appressed setae ( Fig. 22 View Fig ). Legs, at least from coxae to femora, partially to predominantly dark brown/black ( Figs 3B View Fig , 9B View Fig , 22A–C View Fig ). Pseudopygidial area of female with underlying integument dark brown/black ( Fig. 22D View Fig ) ......................................................................................... T. obliteratus Graenicher, 1911 View in CoL

– Mesoscutum and metasomal terga with bands of pale-yellow, short, appressed setae ( Figs 8B View Fig , 15C–D View Fig , 23 View Fig , 26 View Fig ). Legs predominantly dark brown/black from coxae to femora ( Fig. 26B View Fig ) to entirely reddish orange from trochanters to tarsi ( Fig. 23A–C View Fig ). Pseudopygidial area of female with underlying integument entirely dark brown/black ( Fig. 23D View Fig ) to predominantly reddish orange ( Fig. 26D View Fig ) ... 16

16. T1 discal patch broadly rounded laterally and rod-shaped ( Figs 15C View Fig , 23B View Fig ). Axilla black ( Fig. 23B View Fig ) ................................................................................................................... T. oblongimacula sp. nov.

– T1 discal patch somewhat narrowed and/or curved posterolaterally and thus allantoid ( Figs 15D View Fig , 26A–C View Fig ). Axilla black ( Fig. 26B View Fig ) or to some extent reddish orange, especially in western specimens ( Fig. 26C View Fig ) ......................................................................................... T. rhododontus Cockerell, 1921 View in CoL

17. T2 apical transverse band without anterolateral extensions ( Figs 10D View Fig , 11C–D View Fig , 16A–C, 31B–C) or with pair of ill-defined, perpendicular anterolateral extensions ..................................................... 18

– T2 apical transverse band with pair of basomedially strongly convergent anterolateral extensions ( Figs 11A, E View Fig , 15E, 19A–C, 27B–C, 29A–C) .................................................................................. 19

18. Metasomal tergal bands concolorous or T1 basal band paler than succeeding bands ( Figs 10D View Fig , 11C– D View Fig , 16). T2–T4 apical transverse bands about as broad as (if not broader than) bands on T1 and usually very little removed from apical margins of terga ( Figs 10D View Fig , 11C–D View Fig , 16). S4–S5 of male each with apical/subapical fringe of dense, long (> 1 MOD), curved setae ( Figs 10D View Fig , 16C View Fig ) [Neotropics] ....................................................................................................... T. eumeniformis sp. nov. (in part)

– Metasomal tergal bands progressively paler ( Figs 10A View Fig , 31 View Fig ). T2–T4 apical transverse bands clearly not as broad as bands on T1, those of T2–T3 medially somewhat removed from apical margins of terga ( Figs 10A View Fig , 31 View Fig ). S5 of male with short, straight subapical setae (only S4 with apical/subapical fringe of dense, long (>1 MOD), curved setae) ( Figs 10A View Fig , 31C View Fig ) [Nearctic] ..................................... ................................................................................................... T. simplex Robertson, 1903 View in CoL (in part)

19. Axilla extending little if at all beyond midlength of mesoscutellum ( Figs 20B View Fig , 29B View Fig ); tip distinctly pointed, but mesally unattached to mesoscutellum for less than 2/5 medial length of axilla ( Figs 20B View Fig , 29B View Fig ). Pseudopygidial area of female without glabrous midline ( Fig. 29D View Fig ) ....................................... ........................................................................................................... T. segregatus ( Cockerell, 1900) View in CoL

– Axilla extending well beyond midlength of mesoscutellum ( Figs 5B View Fig , 19B View Fig , 20A View Fig , 27B View Fig ); tip distinctly pointed and hooked (i.e., concave along medial margin), mesally unattached to mesoscutellum for approximately half medial length of axilla ( Figs 5B View Fig , 19B View Fig , 20A View Fig , 27B View Fig ). Pseudopygidial area of female with glabrous midline or distinct midline of posteriorly directed setae ( Figs 19D View Fig , 27D View Fig ) .............. 20

20. Axilla with pale pubescence all along its margins ( Figs 19B View Fig , 20A View Fig ). T1 discal patch without semicircular anteromedial projection, apical transverse band at most slightly narrowed sublaterally ( Figs 11E View Fig , 19B) [Southwestern United States and Mexico] ........ T. kathrynae Rozen, 1989 View in CoL (in part)

– Axilla without pale pubescence all along its margins ( Figs 5B View Fig , 27B View Fig ). T1 discal patch trapezoidal with semicircular anteromedial projection, apical transverse band usually greatly narrowed sublaterally at posterior corner of discal patch ( Figs 11A View Fig , 27B) [ The Bahamas and Cuba View in CoL ] ..... T. roni Genaro, 1999 View in CoL