Ariadna crassipalpa ( Blackwall, 1863 )

Giroti, André Marsola & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2018, The taxonomy of the American Ariadna Audouin (Araneae: Synspermiata: Segestriidae), Zootaxa 4400 (1), pp. 1-114 : 29-33

Ariadna crassipalpa ( Blackwall, 1863)

Figures 1C , 18‒19 , 72

Dysdera crassipalpus Blackwall, 1863: 43 (♂ holotype from Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, deposited in Oxford Museum of Natural History, England, not examined).— Beatty (1970: 483, as nomem dubium). Ariadna crassipalpus— Mello-Leitão (1947: 234, Transf. from Dysdera ).— Camargo (1950: 445, Descr. ♀, = A. mollis , present study).

Ariadna crassipalpa— World Spider Catalog (2018).

Note. This species was identified based on the original description from Blackwall (1863). The alotype described by Camargo (1950) was examined, and after the study of the internal genitalia it was observed that it represents a misidentification of an Ariadna mollis specimen.

Additional material examined: BRASIL: São Paulo State: Piracaia [23°03'14''S; 46°21'28"W], 2♀, 18.III.1991, S.C. de Castro leg. ( IBSP 4206 ) ; São Paulo, Parque Estadual do Jaraguá [23°27'34.3''S; 46°46'02.8''W], 1♂, 3.III.2011, R.P. Indicatti leg. ( IBSP 166962 ) ; Mogi das Cruzes [23°31'22"S; 46°11'16"W], Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Itapety , 1♂, 2003, Exp. Biota leg. ( IBSP 54640 ) ; Mogi das Cruzes [23°31'22''S; 46°11'16''W], 1♀, V.1977, C.T.S. Filho leg. ( MZSP 10431 ) ; São Paulo [23°32'52"S; 46°38'09"W], 1♂, 17.V.2006, N. Carvalho leg. ( IBSP 72613 ) ; Salesópolis [23°37'51"S; 45°52'11"W], Estação Ecológica de Boracéia , 1♀, VII.2005, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. ( IBSP 55304 ) ; Cotia, Caucaia do Alto, Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande [23°40'S; 47°01'W], 1♀, 13‒30.VI.2002, A.A. Nogueira et al. leg. ( IBSP 118014 ) ; Itanhaém, Ilha da Queimada Grande [24°29'08.5''S; 46°40'31.22''W], 1♀, 20.III.1995, E. Butantan leg. ( IBSP 10034 ) ; Rio de Janeiro State: Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (22°27'23.4''S; 42°59'41.4''W), 1♀, 22‒25.I.2011, G.H.F. Azevedo et al. leg. ( UFMG 10200 ) ; Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Maromba , Cachoeira Véu de Noiva (22°25'41.1''S; 44°36'40''W), 4♀, 18.IV.2014, A. Benedetti & J. Cabra-García leg. ( IBSP 166965 ) ; Itatiaia [22°29'29"S; 44°33'33"W], Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , 1100m, 1♀ 1imm., 20‒30.V.2013, R.P. Indicatti et al. leg. ( IBSP 166963 ) ; same locality, 2450m, 3♀ 1imm., 16‒28.VII.2013, R.P. Indicatti & B. Gambaré leg. ( IBSP 166964 ) ; Petrópolis [22°30'18''S; 43°10'44''W], 1♀, I.1982, M. Maluf leg. ( IBSP 4941 ) ; Rio de Janeiro, Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca [22°56'26''S; 43°28'50''W], 300m, 1♀, 3.XII.1939, Schubart leg. ( MNRJ 2063 ) ; Santa Catarina State: Chapecó [27°13'S; 52°33'W], Lageado Monte Alegre , 1♂, 2001‒2002, J.M. Marques leg. ( IBSP 93752 ) ; Reserva Biológica do Arvoredo [27°17'57''S; 48°21'23''W], 3♀, 5‒6.X.1995, A.A. Lise et al. leg. ( MCTP 7486 ) ; Florianópolis [27°35'49"S; 48°32'56"W], Lagoa do Perí , 1♀, 2012, A.L. Trivia & A. Chagas leg. ( IBSP 166966 ) ; Rio Grande do Sul State: Guaporé [28°50'45"S; 51°53'24"W], 1♂, 1.VI.1991, M.D. Bernard leg. ( MCTP 0970 ) ; Caxias do Sul [29°10'04"S; 51°10'44"W], Bairro Centenário , 1♀, 31.II.2012, R.P. Indicatti leg. ( IBSP 166968 ) ; Cambará do Sul, Área de Preservação Ambiental Celulose Cambará [29°02'52''S; 50°08'42''W], 2♀ 4imm., 19‒21.XII.1994, A.B. Bonaldo leg. ( MCN 25977) ; Cambará do Sul, Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra [29°11'30"S; 50°05'51"W], 1♂ 1♀ 2imm., 20‒24.VII.2012, R.P. Indicatti & B. Gambaré leg. ( IBSP 166967 ) ; 1♀, 2‒10.I.2013, R.P. Indicatti leg. (IBSP 166969); Garibaldi [29°15'21''S; 51°32'02''W], 1♀, 20.VII.1974, O. Simonaggio leg. ( MCN 2400 ) ; Canela, Cascata do Caracol [29°21'57"S; 50°48'57"W], 1♀, 7.X.1967, A.A. Lise leg. ( MCN 11762) ; 13♀ 10imm., 19. II.1 966 (MCN 11763); Canela [29°21'57"S; 50°48'57"W], 1♂, 3.VII.1965, A.A. Lise leg. ( MCN 3846 ) ; 30♀ 27imm., 3.II.1967 (MCN 0551; 0552; 01460); 8♀ 10imm., 20.XII.1966 (MCN 0712); Gramado [29°22'44"S; 50°52'26"W], 1♀, 7.IV.2007, A.A. Lise leg. ( MCTP 20337 ) ; 1♀ 1imm., 20.IV.2008, A.A. Lise leg. (MCTP 20462); Capão da Canoa [29°45'39"S; 50°1'48"W], 9♀ 23imm., 9.VII.1963, C.A. Hartlieb leg. ( MCN 1345 ) ; Porto Alegre [30°01'58"S; 51°13'48"W], 1♀, IV.1985, R. Baião leg. ( MCN 14400) ; 2♂, 19.V.1973, S.L. Cardoso leg. (MCN 3577); Retiro Ponta Grossa , 1♀, XI.2003 ( MCN 37024) ; Guaíba [30°06'50''S; 51°19'30''W], Sertão Santana , 1♀, 19.IX.1976, H. Bischoff leg. ( MCN 4443 ) ; Palmares do Sul [30°15'28"S; 50°30'36"W], Lagoa do Capivari , 1♂, 20.V.2004, E. Probio leg. ( MCN 37391) ; Encruzilhada do Sul [30°32'38''S; 52°31'19''W], 2♀, 7.IX.1990, M.A. Pavanato leg. ( IBSP 209942 ) .

Diagnosis. Ariadna crassipalpa is similar to A. mollis , A. boesenbergi , A. calilegua , A. changellkuk , A. levii and A. perkinsi due to the dark abdominal pattern with arrow-shaped marks ( Figs 1A‒C , 18A, F , 20A, F , 22A, F , 31A, E , 45A, F , 47A, F , 50A, F ), but differ, except A. mollis and A. calilegua , by the presence of males with sinuous metatarsi I, bearing a short and curved ventro-prolateral macrosetae in its median region, sometimes in a small apophysis ( Fig. 18C‒E ); it differs from A. mollis by presenting a more incrassated palpal tibia, with the dorsoventral diameter similar to the bulb, and from A. calilegua by having the curvature of the mid-portion and embolus less marked, and a thicker embolus ( Fig. 19A‒B ); females differ from these species, except A. calilegua , by having the anterior receptaculum with an irregular cuticle, with conspicuous grooves ( Fig. 19C‒D ); it differs from A. calilegua by the patellae I‒II without prolateral macrosetae ( Fig. 18H ).

Description. Male (MCN 3577): Carapace and chelicerae brownish orange ( Fig. 18A ). Endites orange; labium dark orange. Sternum orange, with darker margins, and marbled with dark pigment ( Fig. 18B ). Palps light orange ( Fig. 19A‒B ). Legs orange, with pairs I‒II darker, and dark pigment forming diffuse rings in the distal region of tibia and metatarsus ( Fig. 18C‒E ). Abdomen whitish grey, with a conspicuous dark dorsal pattern comprising arrow-shaped marks, and anterior ventral region dark ( Fig. 18A‒B ). Total length: 7.28; carapace 3.92 long, 2.72 wide. Chelicerae projected ( Fig. 18A ). Palps: tibia incrassated, with the dorso-ventral diameter similar to the bulb; bulb sub-rectangular, mid portion slightly shorter than the embolus; embolus curved and thickened, with a twisted tip ( Fig. 19A‒B ). Legs: robust and coated with setae ( Fig. 18C‒E ); tarsal brush of putative chemosensory setae present in legs II‒IV. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I femur 3.84, patella 1.56, tibia 3.16, metatarsus 3.48, tarsus 0.72, total 12.76; II 3.48, 1.48, 3.08, 3.24, 0.76, 12.04; III 2.68, 1.2, 1.8, 2.16, 0.72, 8.56; IV 3.04, 1.4, 2.2, 2.24, 0.68, 9.56. Macrosetae: I, femur D0-0-0-0-1-0-2-0, P0-0-0-0-1-1-0-0; patella P0-0-1; tibia P0/ 1-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp2-0-0-0-0-0-1, vr2-0-1-0-1/2-0-1, R1-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus vp1/0-0-0-1(claw-shaped, curved shaft with pointed tip)-0-0-1, vr1/0-0-0-1-0-0-1 ( Fig. 18C‒E ); II, femur D0-0-0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-0-0-1-1-0; patella P0-0-1; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp0-0-1-0-1-0-1, vr2-0-1-0-1-0-1, R1-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus vp1-0-0-1-0-0- 1, vr1-0-0-1-0-0-1, r0-1-0-0-0-1-0; IV, femur D1-1-0-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus, vp0-1/0-0-0-1-0-1, vr metatarsal comb with 6 macrosetae.

Female (MCN 0551). Carapace and chelicerae reddish orange ( Fig. 18F ). Endites reddish orange; labium dark reddish orange. Sternum reddish orange, with darker margins, and marbled with dark pigment ( Fig. 18G ). Palps reddish orange, darkening gradually in distal direction. Legs reddish orange, with pairs I‒II darker and dark pigment distributed in femur, patellae and tibiae, and forming rings in the distal region of metatarsi ( Fig. 18H‒I ). Abdomen as in male ( Fig. 18F‒G ). Total length: 14.48; carapace 6.92 long, 4.4 wide. Carapace with cephalic region elevated. Chelicerae not projected ( Fig. 18F ). Legs: robust and densely coated with setae, mainly on the ventral region of pairs I‒III; legs I‒II with ventro-prolateral and ventro-retrolateral tibial macrosetae of similar size, and metatarsal macrosetae of different sizes ( Fig. 18H‒I ). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I femur 4.92, patella 2.48, tibia 3.68, metatarsus 3.64, tarsus 0.92, total 15.64; II 4.4, 2.4, 3.76, 3.56, 0.92, 15.04; III 3.68, 1.84, 2.6, 2.68, 0.92, 11.72; IV 4.2, 2.4, 3.44, 2.88, 0.96, 13.88. Macrosetae: I, femur D0-0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-0-2- 1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-0-1-0-1-0-1, vr1-0-1-0-1-0-1, R0-1-0-0-0-0-0; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, vr1-1-0/1-1-1-1-1-1-0/1-1-1 ( Fig. 18H‒I ); II, femur D0-0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-0-1-1-0; patella P0-1-0; tibia P0-1-0- 1-0-1-0, vp0-0-1-0-1-0-1, vr1-0-1-0-1-0-1; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-0-1-0-1-1-1-1-0/1-1; IV, metatarsus vp0-0-0-0-0-0-1, vr metatarsal comb with 5 macrosetae. Internal genitalia: anterior receptaculum with lobes of similar size and glandular ducts plate located in the median region ( Fig. 19C‒D ).

Variation. Male (n=10): Total length: 5.84‒8.72; carapace 3.2‒4.6 long, 2.32‒3.04 wide; femur I 3.24‒4.72. Female (n=10): Total length: 10.96‒14.8; carapace 5.36‒6.92 long, 3.44‒4.4 wide; femur I 3.68‒4.92.

Distribution. South and southeast of Brazil ( Fig. 72 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Images of live specimens of Ariadna: Ariadna mollis (Holmberg, 1876), male (A) and female (B); Ariadna crassipalpa (Blackwall, 1863), female (C); Aridna comata O. P.-Cambridge, 1898, female (D). Photos by R.P. Indicatti (A‒C) and L.S. Carvalho (D).

FIGURE 18. Ariadna crassipalpa (Blackwall, 1863). Male from Porto Alegre (MCN 3577) (A‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); right leg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D); right metatarsus I, ventral view (E), arrowhead = curved macroseta. Female from Canela (MCN 0551) (F‒I): habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); right leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE19.Ariadna crassipalpa (Blackwall, 1863).Male fromPorto Alegre (MCN 3577) (A‒B):left palp,prolateral (A) and retrolateral view (B). Female from Canela (MCN 0552) (C‒D): Internal genitalia, lateral view (C); Anterior receptaculum, ventral view (D).Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE 20. Ariadna mollis (Holmberg, 1876). Male from Parque Estadual do Jaraguá (IBSP 166961) (A‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); right leg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D); right metatarsus I, ventral view (E). Female from Instituto Butantan (IBSP 72885) (F‒I): habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); right leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar: 1mm.

FIGURE 22. Ariadna boesenbergi Keyserling, 1877. Male from Reserva Biológica São Donato (IBSP 166778) (A‒E): Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); left leg I, prolateral view (C) and retrolateral view (D); left metatarsi I, ventral view (E). Female from Parque Natural INIA Las Brujas (IBSP 166779) (F‒J): habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); epigastric furrow (H), arrowheads = ventral anterior sigillae; right leg I, prolateral (I) and retrolateral view (J). Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE 45. Ariadna calilegua Grismado, 2008. Male from 22km N La Caldera (AMNH) (A‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral (B); right leg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D); right metatarsi I, ventral view (E). Female from Tapia (NHM 1903.4.1.284‒286)(F‒I):habitus, dorsal(F)and ventral view (G); rightleg I, prolateral(H)(arrowhead = prolateral macrosetae on the patella) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE 47. Ariadna changellkuk Grismado, 2008. Male from Renca (AMNH) (A‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); left leg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D), inset = macrosetae in the ventral region of the femur I; left metatarsus I, ventral view (E). Female (Paratype) from East of Curicó (AMNH) (F‒I): habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); right leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE 50. Ariadna levii Grismado, 2008. Male from R. N. Los Ruiles (MACN-Ar 29452) (A‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B);right leg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D); right metatarsus I (E). Female from Valdivia (MHNS 836) (F‒I):habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); right leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I).Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE 72. Locality of the specimens of A. crassipalpa, A. mollis, A. caparao n. sp. and A. lemosi n. sp. examined in the present study.

FIGURE31. Ariadna perkinsiSimon, 1900.Male (Holotype) from Kauai (NHM 1904.X.24.3) (A‒D): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); left palp, retrolateral view (C); right metatarsi I, ventral view (D). Female from Oahu (IBSP 209956) (E‒J): habitus, dorsal (E) and ventral view (F); right leg I, prolateral (G) and retrolateral view (H); internal genitalia, lateral view (I); anterior receptaculum, ventral view (J). Scale bar:1mm.