Pseudonereis Kinberg, 1865

Conde-Vela, Víctor M., 2018, New species of Pseudonereis Kinberg, 1865 (Polychaeta: Nereididae) from the Atlantic Ocean, and a review of paragnath morphology and methodology, Zootaxa 4471 (2), pp. 245-278 : 274-275

Key to species of Pseudonereis Kinberg, 1865

(modified from Villalobos-Guerrero & Tovar-Hernández 2013)

1. Areas VI with cones only............................................................................... 2

- Areas VI with shield-shaped or crescent-shaped bars, sometimes accompanied with cones............................ 4

2. Areas II with 14–20 paragnaths.......................................................................... 3

- Areas II with 35–52 paragnaths..................... P. anomalopsis Glasby, Wei & Gibb, 2013 (Queensland, Australia)

3. Notopodial homogomph spinigers in middle chaetigers with blades 1–1.5 times longer than joint, replaced by homogomph falcigers in posterior chaetigers..................... P. multisetosa Hartmann-Schröder, 1992 (Rangiroa, French Polynesia)

- Notopodial homogomph spinigers in middle chaetigers with blades 3–4 times longer than joint, homogomph spinigers and falcigers present in posterior chaetigers.............................. P. anomala Gravier, 1900 ( Djibouti, Gulf of Aden )1

4. Areas VII-VIII with 40 or more paragnaths in two bands, often one of them (anterior-most when pharynx is everted, posteriormost when dissected) with rows vertically displaced.......................................................... 5

- Areas VII-VIII with 14–24 paragnaths in a single band, often with rows vertically displaced.......................... 7

5. Area V with a single cone........................... P. variegata (Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1858) (Valparaiso, Chile)

- Area V with more than one cone.......................................................................... 6

6. Area V with three paragnaths in a wide triangle... P. pseudonoodti ( Fauchald, 1977a) (Paitilla Beach, Panama, Pacific Ocean)

- Area V with 8–15 scattered cones.................... P. cortezi (Kudenov, 1979) (La Choya, Gulf of California , Mexico)

7. In posterior chaetigers, dorsal cirri inserted near the tips of notopodial dorsal ligules with a small lobe below them (i.e. subdistally inserted)......................................................................................... 8

- In posterior chaetigers, dorsal cirri inserted at the tips of notopodial dorsal ligules (i.e. distally inserted)................. 9

8. In posterior chaetigers, notopodial dorsal ligules 2–2.5 times longer than notopodial ventral ligules................................................................................... P. atopodon Chamberlin, 1919 (Nomuka, Tonga)2

- In posterior chaetigers, notopodial dorsal ligules 3 times longer than notopodial ventral ligules....................................................................................... P. palpata ( Treadwell, 1923) (São Paulo, Brazil)3

9. In chaetiger 10, dorsal cirri 1.0–1.5 times longer than notopodial dorsal ligules.................................... 10

- In chaetiger 10, dorsal cirri 2–3 times longer than notopodial dorsal ligules....................................... 16

10. In chaetiger 10, dorsal cirri digitiform, with bases as long as or longer than the tips of notopodial dorsal ligules.......... 11

- In chaetiger 10, dorsal cirri cirriform, with bases shorter than the tips of notopodial dorsal ligules..................... 12

11. In posterior-most chaetigers, notopodial dorsal ligules 2.5 times longer than dorsal cirri, and 3 times longer than notopodial ventral ligules; dorsal margin of notopodial dorsal ligules strongly convex.. P. ferox ( Hansen, 1882) (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)4

- In posterior-most chaetigers, notopodial dorsal ligules twice as long as dorsal cirri, and 6 times longer than notopodial ventral ligules; dorsal margin of notopodial dorsal ligules slightly convex... P. noodti ( Hartmann-Schröder, 1962a) (Chimbote, Peru)

12. In chaetiger 30, notopodial dorsal ligules oblong, laterally flattened, longer than notopodial ventral ligules.............. 13

- In chaetiger 30, notopodial dorsal ligules subconical, wider than long, subequal than notopodial ventral ligules.......... 14

13. In posterior-most chaetigers, dorsal margin of notopodial dorsal ligules strongly convex; neuroacicular ligules distally blunt.................................................................. P. formosa Kinberg, 1865 (Honolulu, Hawaii)5

- In posterior-most chaetigers, dorsal margin of notopodial dorsal ligules slightly convex; neuroacicular ligules distally bilobed............................ P. deleoni Villalobos-Guerrero & Tovar-Hernández, 2013 (Sinaloa, Mexico, Pacific Ocean)................................................................ P. trimaculata Horst, 1924 (Geser, Indonesia) - Notopodial dorsal ligules 2–3 times longer than dorsal cirri in posterior-most chaetigers............................. 15

15. Notopodial dorsal ligules 3–4 times longer than notopodial ventral ligules; dorsal margin of notopodial dorsal ligules slightly convex................................................... P. brunnea sp. n. (Veracruz, Mexico, Gulf of Mexico)

- Notopodial dorsal ligules 7–8 times longer than notopodial ventral ligules; dorsal margin of notopodial dorsal ligules strongly convex.............................................. P. gallapagensis Kinberg, 1865 (Galapagos Islands, Ecuador)

16. Jaws helical, with straight distal tips and edentate cutting edge.............. P. fauveli sp. n. ( Annobón, Equatorial Guinea)

- Jaws falcate, with pointed distal tip and dentate cutting edge...... P. citrina sp. n. (Quintana Roo, Mexico, Caribbean Sea)