Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepède, 1801

Knudsen, Steen Wilhelm & Clements, Kendall D., 2013, Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes), Zootaxa 3751 (1), pp. 1-101 : 22-23

Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepède, 1801

(Common name: darkfin drummer, brown chub, gray chub, gray rudderfish)

( Figure 2 , 3 , 5, 6, Table 3, 8–18)

Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepède 1801: p. 114 , 115 (type locality: Ile de France, Madagascar), holotype: MNHN B-2162 [dried skin]; Sonnini 1803: p. 124, 125; Fowler 1931: p. 248 (Port Sudan, Red Sea); Fowler 1941: p. 252; Bauchot 1963: p. 174; Zama 1976: p. 100, fig. 1 (not K. bigibbus , but K. sectatrix ); Araga 1984: p. 166, pl. 152-D, E; Dor 1984: p. 166; Smith 1986: p. 603, fig. 189.1 (key) ( South Africa); Pequeño 1989: p. 62; Paulin et al. 1989: p. 194, fig. 127.4b; Nakabo 1993: p. 773 (key, Southern Japan); Kuiter 1993: p. 212 (photo is showing K. sectatrix ); Francis 1993: p. 162 (probably mistaken K. sectatrix for K. bigibbus ); Goren and Dor 1994: p. 46; Randall 1995: p. 246, fig. 642; Clements 1997: p. 220, fig. 1F (photo is of a K. sectatrix ); Allen 1997: p. 144, pl. 53, fig. 12 (tropical Australia and Southeast Asia); Anderson et al. 1998: p. 25; Myers 1999: p. 173, pl. 91-A–B (both photos are of K. sectatrix ); Fricke 1999: p. 322 (Reunion, Mauritius); Johnson 1999: p. 738 (probably mistaken K. sectatrix for K. bigibbus ); Randall 1999: p. 17, BPBM 16712, BPBM 16736, BPBM 16835 (2), (probably mistaken K. sectatrix for K. bigibbus ); Allen 2000: p. 105; Kuiter 2000: p. 212 (photo is showing K. sectatrix ); Pereira 2000: p. 11 ( Mozambique); Randall and Earle 2000: p. 15; Randall and Lim 2000: p. 623; Francis 2001: p. 49, pl. 72 (photo is of a K. sectatrix ); Hutchins 2001a: p. 36; Hutchins 2001b: p. 264, app. 1; Sakai 2001: p. 3292 (Indowest Pacific, Red Sea, Australia, Japan); Nakabo 2002: p. 958 (key, southern Japan); Allen and Adrim 2003: p. 41 (Papau to Sumatra); Clements 2003: p. 130; Manilo and Bogorodsky 2003: p. S111 (Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea); Myers and Donaldson 2003: p. 627; Letourneur et al. 2004: p. 212 ( Reunion Island); Lobel and Lobel 2004: p. 72 (BPBM 4043, BPBM 4044); Sakai and Nakabo 2004: p. 25, fig. 4, 5, table 3; Heemstra et al. 2004: p. 3321, table 1; Heemstra and Heemstra 2004: p. 250 (Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Red Sea); Pequeño 2004: p. 96 (Pacific Ocean, Salas Y Gomez) (probably mistaken K. sectatrix for K. bigibbus ); Randall 2005: p. 305 (Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean); Hoese and Bray 2006: p. 1322 (Pacific Ocean, Indo- west Pacific Ocean); Sakai and Nakabo 2006: p. 354 (key); van der Elst 1989: p. 224 (eastern South Africa); Fricke et al. 2009: p. 70 ( Reunion Island); Golani and Bogorodsky 2010: p. 36 (Red Sea); Motomura et al. 2010: p. 133, fig. 257; Beets et al. 2010: p. 41; Knudsen and Clements 2013: p. 1 ; Nemeth and Kadison 2013: p. 2.

Pimelepterus bosquii Lacepède 1802: p. 429 , pl. ix, (type locality: North Atlantic, South Carolina), holotype: MNHN 0000- 9601 (1), Eschmeyer (2013) incorrectly lists MNHN 0000-2977 (1) as a second syntype for Pimelepterus bosquii , but Bauchot (1963) and the MNHN catalogue list only MNHN 0000-9601 as holotype; Tortonese 1935: p. 242 (regarded as junior synonym of Kyphosus sectatrix ); Bauchot 1963: p. 171 –172.

Dorsuarius nigrescens Lacepède 1803: p. 482 , 483 (No type locality, but likely Fort Dauphin, Madagascar), holotype: MNHN B-2162 [dried skin]; Bauchot 1963: p. 169 (regarded as synonym of K. bigibbus ); Fricke 1999: p. 322; Sakai and Nakabo 2004: p. 25 (recognised as synonym of K. bigibbus ).

Kyphosus fuscus Lacepède 1803: p. 484 –485 (type locality: Ile de France, Madagascar) described as Xyster fuscus based on the description by Philibert Commerçon (unpubl. manuscript), type: MNHN B-2162 [dried skin]; redescribed as Pimelepterus fuscus by Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831: p. 264; Jordan and Evermann 1905: p. 248 (Honolulu); McCulloch and Waite 1916: p. 442; Jordan and Jordan 1922: p. 51; Fowler 1925: p. 27; Fowler and Ball 1925: p. 15; Fowler 1927: p. 15; Fowler 1928: p. 222; Fowler 1929: p. 645; Allen et al. 1976: p. 406 (Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island).

Xyster fuscus Lacepède 1803: p. 484 , 485 (type locality: Ile de France, Madagascar) based on the description by Philibert Commerçon (unpubl. manuscript), type: MNHN B-2162 [dried skin], objective synonym of K. bigibbus ; redescribed as Pimelepterus fuscus by Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831: p. 264; Fowler 1933: p. 205; Bauchot 1963: p. 169, 174 (regarded as synonym of K. bigibbus ); Dor 1984: p. 167; Fricke 1999: p. 323; Sakai and Nakabo 2004: p. 25 (recognised as synonym of K. bigibbus ).

Xyster nigrescens described as Dorsuarius nigrescens by Lacepède 1803: p. 482, 483, redescribed as Xyster nigrescens by Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831: p. 264; Fowler 1933: p. 211 (regarded as synonym of K. bigibbus ).

Cyphosus fuscus Gilchrist and Thompson 1908: p. 174 (Durban) ; Regan 1908: p. 245 (Kosi Bay); Gilchrist and Thompson 1917: p. 324; Fowler 1933: p. 211 (regarded as synonym of K. bigibbus ).

Pimelepterus fuscus redescribed from Xyster fuscus by Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831: p. 264; Rüppell 1835: p. 34, pl. 10, fig. 3 (Red Sea); Pappe 1853: p. 23 (Cape of Good Hope); Günther 1859: p. 498 (Red Sea); Bleeker 1860: p. 53; Castelnau 1861: p. 34; Martens 1866: p. 378 (Kosier, Red Sea); Günther 1874: p. 68 (Tahiti and Hawaii); Day 1875: p. 143; Peters 1876: p. 438 ( Mauritius); Klunzinger 1884: p. 65 (Red Sea); Günther 1889: p. 6 (Cape of Good Hope); Boulenger 1892: p. 134; Steindachner 1900: p. 489 (Honolulu, Laysan); Zugmayer 1913: p. 12 ( Oman); Fowler 1933: p. 206 (regarded as synonym of K. bigibbus ).

Pimelepterus boscii described as Pimelepterus bosquii by Lacepède 1802, spelled as Pimelepterus boscii by Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831 p. 258, pl. 187, (type locality: North Atlantic, South Carolina); recognised as Pimelepterus boscii variant sicula by Döderlein 1883 based on Pimelepterus bosquii Lacepède 1802 and Pimelepterus boscii by Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831; DeKay 1842: p. 100, pl. xx (fig. 56); Günther 1859: p. 497; Peters 1876: p. 246; Bean 1880: p. 94; Goode and Bean 1882: p. 238; Desoutter 1973: p. 420; Tortonese 1986: p. 913; Desoutter 1990: p. 831.

Pimelopterus fuscus spelled as ‘ Pimelopterus ’ by Klunzinger 1870: p. 796; Fowler 1933: p. 206 (regarded as synonym of K. bigibbus ).

Pimelepterus bosci Jordan and Gilbert 1879: p. 378 ; Jordan and Gilbert 1882: p. 561.

Pimelepterus Boscii sicula variant Döderlein 1883: p. 83 (type-locality: Gulf of Palermo, Sicily, Italy), no types known; Döderlein 1891: p. 234; Vinciguerra 1893: p. 312; Desoutter 1973: p. 420; Desoutter 1990: p. 831.

Cyphosus bosqui Jordan 1884: p. 128 (Key West, Florida).

Pimelepterus fallax Klunzinger 1884: p. 64 (type locality: Al-Qusair, Red Sea, Egypt), lectotype: SMNS 3495, paralectotypes: SMNS 23084–23085 [except 3495] (2), based on Pimelopterus tahmel (synonym of K. cinerascens ) of Klunzinger 1870: p. 795; Fowler 1933: p. 211 (regarded as synonym of K. bigibbus ); Dor 1984: p. 167; Fricke 1992: p. 11; Fricke 2005: p. 43; Sakai and Nakabo 2004: p. 25 (recognised as synonym of K. bigibbus ).

Pimelepterus Bosci Ariola 1904: p 165 .

Cyphosus boscii Murray and Hjort 1912: p. 614 .

Kyphosus gibsoni Russell 1983a: p. 66 ( K. gibsoni is likely to have been misidentified K. bigibbus ); Kuiter 1993: p. 211 (two photos of K. gibsoni are photos of K. bigibbus ) [ K. gibsoni was recognised as a junior synonym of K. vaigiensis by Sakai and Nakabo (1995)]; Kuiter 2000: p. 211 (two photos of K. gibsoni are photos of K. bigibbus ); Hoese and Bray 2006: p. 1317, p. 1323 (likely to have been confused with K. bigibbus ).

Kyphosus sydneyanus Kuiter 1993: p. 211 (photo of east coast form of K. sydneyanus is a photo of K. bigibbus ); Kuiter 2000: p. 211 (photo of east coast form of K. sydneyanus is a photo of K. bigibbus ).

Kyphosus sectator Canas et al. 2005: p. 1536 , fig 1A (photo of Algarve specimen is of K. bigibbus ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Museum material and freshly caught specimens of Kyphosus bigibbus, photos by SWK unless specified otherwise, all lengths are in mm SL, scale bars equal 10 mm: A) SMNS 23084-1, 102 mm, paralectotype of Pimelepterus fallax, B) SMNS 23084-2, 91 mm, paralectotype of Pimelepterus fallax, C) MNHN 0000-9601, 123 mm, holotype of Pimelepterus bosquii, D) MNHN B-2162,>303 mm, holotype of Kyphosus bigibbus, E) NMNZ P.34930, 176 mm (photo by Carl Struthers, NMNZ), F) WAM P.33451-001, 270 mm, G) AIM MA30189, 219 mm, H) ZMB 7997, 186 mm.

FIGURE 3. Underwater photographs of three species of Kyphosus, photos by KDC unless specified otherwise: A) Kyphosus azureus, California (photo by Daniel Gotshall), B) Kyphosus bigibbus, Poor Knights Island, New Zealand, December 2009, C) Kyphosus bigibbus, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, July 2011, D) Kyphosus bigibbus, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, July 2011, E) Kyphosus cornelii, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, July 2011, F) Kyphosus cornelii, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, July 2011, G) Kyphosus bigibbus, near Poor Knights Island, New Zealand, December 2009, H) Kyphosus bigibbus, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, May 2011.