Embolemus Westwood, 1833

Olmi, Massimo, Mita, Toshiharu & Guglielmino, Adalgisa, 2014, Revision of the Embolemidae of Japan (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), with description of a new genus and two new species, Zootaxa 3793 (4), pp. 423-440 : 425

Genus Embolemus Westwood, 1833

( Figs 1–5 , 10 , 11 )

Embolemus Westwood 1833: 444 ; Walker 1837: 411, 430; Förster 1856: 94; Kieffer in Kieffer et Marshall 1906: 470; Kieffer 1914: 294; Berland 1928: 172; Brues 1933: 113; Richards 1936: 170; 1937: 119; 1939: 294; Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1043; Bouček 1957: 333; Hirashima & Yamagishi 1975: 26; J.F. Perkins 1976: 2; De Santis & Vidal Sarmiento 1977: 3; Krombein 1979: 1251; Bürgis 1987: 12; Hilpert 1989: 263; Belokobylskij 1990: 65; 1995:176; Olmi 1996: 110; 1997: 137; Belokobylskij & Lelej 2012: 398; Xu et al. 2012a: 1117; Olmi et al. 2014a: 98 ; 2014b: 11.

Myrmecomorphus Westwood 1833: 496 ; type species Myrmecomorphus rufescens Westwood 1833 , by monotypy; Kieffer 1914: 223. Synonymized by Richards 1939.

Polyplanus Nees von Esenbeck 1834: 349 (probable synonymy); type species Polyplanus sickershusanus Nees 1834 , by monotypy (the types of Nees von Esenbeck are lost: this synonymy cannot be checked).

Embolimus Agassiz 1846: 137 (emendation); Marshall 1873: 7. Unavailable name according to Art. 33.3 of ICZN (1999).

Formila de Romand 1846: XXXII; type species Formila chevrolatii de Romand 1846, by monotypy. Synonymized by Muesebeck & Walkley 1951.

Pedinomma Förster 1856: 94 , type species Pedinomma rufescens ( Westwood 1833) , by monotypy; Marshall 1873: 8; Kieffer in Kieffer et Marshall 1906: 467; Berland 1928: 171. Synonymized by Richards 1939.

Type species. Embolemus ruddii Westwood, 1833 , by monotypy.

Diagnosis. Female: usually micropterous ( Fig. 8 ), occasionally brachypterous; head with dorsal side flat; maxillary palpi 3- or 5-segmented; labial palpi 2-segmented; third segment of maxillary palpi broadened; ocelli absent or much reduced; first antenna geniculated; antennal segment much longer than segment 3; pronotum without or with track of median longitudinal furrow; scutellum subcircular; metanotum short and transverse; tibial spurs 1/2/2. Male: fully winged ( Fig. 11 ); fore wing usually with CC, BC, SBC, 1DC cells enclosed by pigmented veins; 1SDC cell open; 1DC cell occasionally open; maxillary palpi 4- or 6-segmented; labial palpi 2- or 3- segmented; third segment of maxillary palpi broadened; region of face from clypeus to antennal toruli with two very convergent longitudinal and median sutures; ocelli distinct; head with dorsal side swollen; antenna not geniculated; first antennal segment shorter or slightly longer than segment 3; tibial spurs 1/2/2.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Nymphs of Cixiidae ( Varrone & Olmi 2012) .

World species. Thirty-four species are known (including one putative fossil species in Baltic amber), seven in Japan and two in Russian Far East.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Male genitalia (right half removed) of Embolemus hachijoensis (A, paratype from Japan, Hachijo Island), E. krombeini (B, from P. R. China, Yunnan, Gaoligongshan), E. pecki (C, from P. R. China, Fengyangshan), E. sensitivus (D, from P. R. China, Naban River National Nature Reserve), and E. ruddii (E, from Slovenia, Herceg Novi). Scale bar 0.16 mm.

FIGURE 2. Embolemus honshuensis, female holotype. A. Head in lateral view. B. Mesosoma in dorsal view. C. Outline of border between anterior and posterior surface of propodeum. Scale bar 1.1 mm for A, 0.7 mm for B, 0.4 mm for C.

FIGURE 3. Embolemus krombeini, female holotype. A. Head in lateral view. B. Mesosoma in dorsal view. C. Outline of border between anterior and posterior surface of propodeum. Scale bar 1.1 mm for A, 0.6 mm for B, 0.3 mm for C.

FIGURE 4. Embolemus walkeri, female holotype. A. Head in lateral view. B. Mesosoma in dorsal view. C. Outline of border between anterior and posterior surface of propodeum. Scale bar 1.9 mm for A, 0.9 mm for B, 0.7 mm for C.

FIGURE 5. Embolemus ruddii, female from UK, Sutton Thorn. A. Head in lateral view. B. Mesosoma in dorsal view. C. Outline of border between anterior and posterior surface of propodeum. Scale bar 1.1 mm for A, 0.8 mm for B, 0.6 mm for C.

FIGURE 10. Photo of the slope where the holotype of Trogloembolemus fujiei has been collected. Esumi (Wakayama Prefecture, Japan) (courtesy of Mr. Fujie).

FIGURE 11. Embolemus ruddii, male from Italy, Contrada Paviglione (from Olmi 1996). Length 2.8 mm.

FIGURE 7, 8. 7. Trogloembolemus fujiei, female holotype in dorsal view. Length 3.8 mm. 8. Embolemus ruddii, female from Italy, Mt. Corvo (from Olmi 1996). Length 3.5 mm.