Sunamphitoe femorata ( Krøyer, 1845 )

Coleman, Charles Oliver, Krapp-Schickel, Traudl & Häussermann, Vreni, 2022, Amphipod crustaceans from Chilean Patagonia, European Journal of Taxonomy 849 (1), pp. 1-57 : 3-12

Sunamphitoe femorata ( Krøyer, 1845)

Figs 1–6 , 30a

Synonymy amended from De Broyer et al. 2007:

Amphithoe gaudichaudi Milne-Edwards, 1840: 31–32 .

Amphithoe femorata Krøyer, 1845: 335 , pl. 3 fig. 4.

Amphithoe brevipes Dana, 1852: 216 .

Amphithoe peregrina Dana, 1853: 940 , pl. 64 fig. 4.

Amphithoe falklandi Spence Bate, 1862: 237 , pl. 41 fig. 6.

Amphithoe brevipes – Dana 1853: 936, pl. 64 fig. 5. — Spence Bate 1862: 248, pl. 43 fig. 2. — Stebbing 1914: 371. — K.H. Barnard 1916: 255, pl. 28 fig. 34; 1932: 239, fig. 150; 1965: 208. — Stephensen 1949: 44 (Amp(h)ithoe brevipes ). — J.L. Barnard 1958: 25.

Ampithoe femorata – Stebbing 1906: 636–637. — Chilton 1921: 88, fig. 3. – Schellenberg 1931: 245, fig. 127; 1935: 233. — J.L. Barnard 1952: 24, pls 6–7; 1958: 25. — Kreibohm de Paternoster & Escofet 1976: 78–83, figs 1–3. — Lowry & Bullock 1976: 24. — Alonso 1980: 4, pl. 1.

Peramphithoe femorata – Conlan & Bousfield 1982: 68–69, fig. 16. — López Gappa et al. 1982: 76, table 1. — J.L. Barnard & Karaman 1991: 108. — Gonzalez 1991: 51. — Conlan & Chess 1992: 415, figs 1, 4. — De Broyer & Jażdżewski 1993: 26.

Paramphithoe femorata – Adami & Gordillo 1999: 186–187.

Sunamphitoe femorata – Peart & Ahyong 2016: 468–469.

Material examined

CHILE • 1 ♂ (12 mm); Puerto Barroso ; -46.81806666°, -75.29988333°; 10–15 m depth; 23 Apr. 2015; 099HF24; Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C.Agardh; colour brown; ZMB 34100 ( Figs 1–6 ) • 1 spec.; Roca Gloria ; -45.61152777°, -74.47819444°; 20 m depth; 5 Apr. 2014; 090HF21; Hydrozoa; colour brown green; ZMB 34201 • 1 spec.; Isla Usborne ; -45.54258333°, -74.22006666°; 4 m depth; 7 Apr. 2014; 123HF21; kelp forest, Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C.Agardh; colour yellow brown; ZMB 34202 .

Description (based on ♂, 12 mm)

BODY ( Fig. 1a ). Head longer than deep, slightly shorter than next two segments; anteroventrally angular; eyes circular small, close to the frontal rounded ocular lobe. Pereonite 2 shorter than 1 or 3; pereonites 3 and 4 subequal, pereonite 7 shortest; pleonite 3 longest; epimeral plates 1–3 ventrally rounded. Urosomite 1 longest, with pointed posteroventral angle, urosomite 2 shortest.

HEAD APPENDAGES. Antenna 1 ( Fig. 1e ) long, reaching 7 th pereonite segment; peduncular article 1 massive, twice as wide as article 2; length ratios 1: 0.7: 0.2; flagellum with 21 articles, moderately setose. Antenna 2 ( Fig. 2a ) much shorter than antenna 1; peduncular articles 1–3 forming a short socket for the long article 4 longest; article 5 80 % of article 4; flagellum with 11 articles. Labrum ( Figs 1f , 2e ) entire, wider than long, with short setae on the ventral margin. Mandible ( Fig. 1b ) bulky; incisor with 9 teeth on both sides; lacinia mobilis on both sides distally expanded, with 7 stout teeth on the left side and 11 much smaller teeth on the right side, raker row with 11 serrate blades and 3 additional setae on both mandibles; molar column-like elevated, triturative with small teeth on the surface; 3-articulated palp attached on a produced socket close to the mandibular insertion, article 1 subrectangular, article 2 distally expanded with 1 seta, article 3 with oblique apex bearing 8 setae, article length ratios 1: 5.9: 4.7. Lower lip (hypopharynx) ( Fig. 2c ), large inner lobes, outer lobes bilobate on both sides and long and inwards curved mandibular processes. Maxilla 1 ( Fig. 3a ) inner plate with 1 apical seta; outer plate with 9 spine-like serrate apical setae; palp much longer than outer plate, biarticulate, 2 nd article 3 × as long as basal article, 5 medioapical marginal robust setae plus 1 subapical seta. Maxilla 2 ( Fig. 2d ) inner plate slightly narrower than outer plate, both subequal in length. Maxilliped inner plate ( Fig. 2b ) weakly convex laterally and with straight margin medially with irregularly distributed setae, a row of setae apically; outer plate ( Fig. 1d ) ovoid-shaped with long slender setae on the lateral margin and serrate and pointed short robust setae on the medial margin; palp ( Fig. 1c ) 4-articulate, first article with oblique distal margin; article 2 with produced inner margin, densely setose; article 3 roundly lobate and setose medially; article 4 short with slender apical unguis; length ratios of articles 1–4 1: 0.9: 0.8: 0.7.

PEREON. Gnathopod 1 ( Fig. 3b–d ) coxa subrectangular (1.3 × as long as wide) with a weakly oblique ventral margin, and a fringe of long slender setae posteroventrally; basis slightly curved anteriorly, with long setae on the medial face and posterior margin, anterodistal rounded lobe on lateral face, partly surpassing ischium; ischium slightly longer than wide, with notch on anterior margin; merus weakly tapering distally with oblique distal margin bordered with long slender setae; carpus posteromarginally rounded and setose, also groups on medial face; propodus subrectangular and angular posterodistally, posteromarginal setation and groups of setae anteromedially, palm defined by a robust seta; dactylus rather straight, serrate on inner margin, longer than palm angle; length ratios of basis to dactylus: 1: 0.2: 0.3: 0.5:0.6: 0.3. Gnathopod 2 ( Fig. 4a ) coxa similar shaped as gnathopod 1 coxa, also with row of setae posteroventromarginally; basis somewhat curved anteriorly, with long setae on posterior margin; ischium as for gnathopod 1; merus longer than wide, with oblique posterodistal lobe bordered with setae; carpus wider than long with posterior rounded setose lobe; propodus ovoid, 1.7× as long as wide, palm along half of posterior margin; dactylus curved proximally, distally straight. Pereopod 3 ( Fig. 4b ) coxa as for gnathopod 2 but wider and longer; basis ovoid inflated, 1.6× as long as wide, with long setae especially on the posterior margin; ischium subquadrate with anteroproximal notch; merus 1.6 × as wide as ischium, anterior margin convex, drawn out into a lobe, distal margin oblique; carpus subrectangular; propodus subrectangular, slightly tapering; dactylus weakly curved. Pereopod 4 ( Fig. 5a, d ) coxa longer than wide, ventrally rounded; basis ovoid posterior margin bordered with long setae; ischium slightly longer than wide; merus expanded distally and roundly produced anteromarginally, oblique distal margin; propodus tapering distally; dactylus stout and weakly curved; length ratios basis to dactylus: 1: 0.2:0.4: 0.35: 0.34: 0.17. Pereopod 5 ( Fig. 5b–c, e ) coxa 1.3× as long as wide, ventrally rounded, with posteroproximal lobe; basis subcircular, with posteromarginal rounded lobe; ischium 1.6 × as wide as long; merus and carpus slightly longer than wide, subequal in length and width; propodus subrectangular with groups of long setae and stout robust setae on lateral face and long slender setae inserted anon the medial face; dactylus curved towards lateral face of propodus; length ratios of basis to dactylus: 1: 0,27: 0,47: 0.47: 0,68:0,23. Pereopod 6 ( Fig. 6b, e ) coxa subrectangular, wider than long; basis 2× as long as wide, with small notch posterodistally; ischium longer than wide; merus somewhat drawn out posterodistally with a tuft of setae; carpus subrectangular with groups of setae posteromarginally; propodus slender with groups of setae and a row of robust setae anterosubmarginally; dactylus strongly falcate; length ratios basis to dactylus: 1: 03: 0.7: 0.6: 0.9:0.3. Pereopod 7 ( Fig. 6d ) basis similarly shaped but wider than that of pereopod 6; ischium to propodus similar in shape to pereopod 6, but wider; dactylus distally damaged; basis to propodus length ratios: 1: 0.3: 0.7:0.7: 0.9.

P LEON AND UROSOME. Pleopod 1 ( Fig. 6c ) peduncle 2.2 × as long as wide, with 2 coupling hooks; rami slender, long, subequal in length, 1.7× as long as peduncle. Uropod 1 ( Fig. 6g ) peduncle longer than rami, with distal pointed spur and robust setae on both margins; inner ramus 1.3 longer than outer ramus, with robust setae apically and on inner margin; outer ramus shorter with dense row of robust setae on lateral margin and apically. Uropod 2 ( Fig. 6a ) peduncle as long as inner ramus, with few robust setae on both margins, distally with short pointed protrusion; inner ramus 1.1× as long as outer ramus; outer ramus with dense robust setation on the lateral margin and apically. Uropod 3 ( Fig. 6h ) peduncle 2.3× as long as inner ramus, with groups of slender setae laterally and some robust setae distomarginally; rami subequal in length, both distally rounded; inner ramus with robust setae and slender setae distomarginally; outer ramus with 2 laterally curved robust hook-like setae, on laterodorsal surface minute, pointed cuticular teeth. Telson ( Fig. 6f, h ) 1.4× as wide as long, tapering distally, distally rounded and entire; on both margins 4 slender setae and 1 short plumose seta distally.

Distribution (amended from De Broyer et al. 2007)

Falkland Islands: no location mentioned ( Stebbing 1914); Port Louis (bottom/habitat: deep silt, shells, stones, algae); Port Stanley (bottom/habitat: kelp holdfasts) ( Schellenberg 1931); Discovery 1925–27, stn 53, East Falkland Island, Port Stanley, 0–16 m (gear: small beam trawl); stn 56, Port William, Sparrow Cove, 10–16 m (gear: small beam trawl) (K.H. Barnard 1932); Port Stanley ( Alonso 1980).

Gough Island: Dell Rocks, -40.35°, -9.916667°; (bottom/habitat: from kelp) (K.H. Barnard 1965).

Magellan Province: Isla Hermite, 9 m ( Dana 1853); Bahia Fortescue, 18–22 m (bottom/habitat: algae); Puerto Churruca, 36 m (bottom/habitat: shells); Estrecho de Magallanes; Punta Arenas, 13–14 m (bottom/habitat: sand, algae); Canal Smith; Bahia Inutil, 20–27 m (bottom/habitat: coralline algae); Puerto Bridges, 13 m; Isla Navarino; Isla Nueva, 14 m; Puerto Hope, 11–18 m (bottom/habitat: rock, algae); Puerto Pantalon (bottom/habitat: kelp); Porvenir, 11–18 m (bottom/habitat: rocks, algae); Bahia Ushuaia; Isla Picton, 7 m (bottom/habitat: kelp holdfasts) ( Schellenberg 1931); Bahia Camarones, -44.75°, -65.583333° (Kreibohm de Paternoster & Escofet 1976); Santa Cruz, Ria Deseado; ( Alonso 1980); Ria Deseado, -47.75°, -65.9° ( López Gappa et al. 1982); Isla Navarino, Banco de las Tacas, -55.083333°, -67.066667°; Isla Cabo de Hornos, -56°, -77° ( Conlan & Bousfield 1982); -56°, -67° ( Conlan & Chess 1992); southern Tierra del Fuego, Canal Beagle, -54.8° to -54.866667°, -68.266667° to -68.4° ( Adami & Gordillo 1999); Isla Usborne, Roca Gloria, Puerto Barroso, 4–20 m (this study).

Tristan da Cunha: Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha 1937–38, Tristan da Cunha Island: stn 3, in Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C.Agardh; stn 9, 0 m; stn 40, 3–13 m; stn 52, 0 m; stn 70, 0 m; stn 80, 5–12 m; Nightingale Island: stn 117, 4–10 m; stn 118, 4–10 m; Inaccessible Island: stn 152, 5 m; stn 155, 8–9 m ( Stephensen 1949).

Chile: Valparaiso (type locality); Los Vilos, -31.9°, -71.516667° ( Cerda et al. 2010).

Argentina: Chubut, Bahía Camarones; Santa Cruz, Ría Deseado, Península Foca ( Alonso 1980).

Depth range

0– 36 m.

Type locality

Chile: Valparaiso, -33.083333°, -71.666667°.

Type specimen location

Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoological Museum): lectoype, female, 20.8 mm (designated by Conland & Chess 1992); NHMD-84259, 3 paralectotypes, presumed lost.

Remarks

According to the literature (see above) this species is apparently widely distributed in the southern hemisphere. A few of the distribution records are somewhat dubious. Apart from the South American locations, New Zealand and South Africa are mentioned in the distribution of the taxon given by Conlan & Bousfield (1982). However, it may be that these occurrences of A. femorata are erroneous due to misinterpretations of synonymies (see J.L. Barnard 1965: 4). A record of A. femorata in California occurs in J.L. Barnard (1952), but the mistake occurred due to his misinterpretation of illustrations of Spence Bate (1862) as discussed by J.L. Barnard (1965). J.L. Barnard (1965) hypothesized a femoratabrevipes species complex; that requires further investigation.

Figures

Fig. 1. Sunamphitoe femorata (Krøyer, 1845), ♂, 12 mm (ZMB 34100). a. Habitus, right body side. b. Mandible. c. Palp of maxilliped. d. Outer plate of maxilliped. e. Antenna 1. f. Upper lip and epistome. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b–d, f = 100 µm; e = 500 µm.

Fig. 2. Sunamphitoe femorata (Krøyer, 1845), ♂, 12 mm (ZMB 34100). a. Antenna 2. b. Inner plate of maxilliped. c. Lower lip. d. Maxilla 2. e. Mandible. Scale bars: a, c = 500 µm; b, d–e = 100 µm.

Fig. 3. Sunamphitoe femorata (Krøyer, 1845), ♂, 12 mm (ZMB 34100). a. Maxilla 1. b. Gnathopod 1, chela. c. Lobe of basis of gnathopod 1. d. Gnathopod 1. Scale bars: a–c = 100 µm; d = 500 µm.

Fig. 4. Sunamphitoe femorata (Krøyer, 1845), ♂, 12 mm (ZMB 34100). a. Gnathopod 2. b. Pereopod 3. Scale bars = 500 µm.

Fig. 5. Sunamphitoe femorata (Krøyer, 1845), ♂, 12 mm (ZMB 34100). a. Pereopod 4. b. Coxa 5. c. Pereopod 5. d. Coxa 4. e. Propodus and dactylus of pereopod 5. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1 mm; e = 200 µm.

Fig. 6. Sunamphitoe femorata (Krøyer, 1845), ♂, 12 mm (ZMB 34100). a. Uropod 2. b. Pereopod 6. c. Pleopod 1. d. Right pereopod 7. e. Coxa 6. f. Telson. g. Uropod 1. h. Telson and uropod 3. Scale bars: a, c, f–h = 100 µm; b, d–e = 500 µm.

Fig. 30. In vivo photos of some of the described amphipods. a. Sunamphitoe femorata (Krøyer, 1845). b. Numerous specimensof Caprellacf.equilibraSay, 1818,on thehydrozoanHalopteris schucherti Galea, 2006. c. Habitat of Leucothoe kawesqari Esquete & Aldea, 2015, on sponge. d. Epimeria (Metepimeria) acanthurus (Schellenberg, 1931). e–f. Podocerus cf. danae (Stebbing, 1888). g. Liouvillea rocagloria sp. nov. h. Habitat of Liouvillea rocagloria sp. nov. Photos: Iván Hinojosa (a); V. Häussermann & G. Försterra (b, d, h); G. Försterra & V. Häussermann (c, e–g).