Miyazakia, Stekolshchikov, Andrey V., 2014

Stekolshchikov, Andrey V., 2014, Miyazakia, a new aphid genus from Japan (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini), Zootaxa 3861 (6), pp. 575-584 : 575-583

Miyazakia gen. nov.

Type species: Sappaphis ranunculi Miyazaki, 1971 = Miyazakia ranunculi ( Miyazaki, 1971) , comb. nov.

Description. Body of apterous morphs elliptical or broadly elliptical, of alate morphs elliptical, elongate elliptical or elongate oval. Dorsum of apterous exules strongly sclerotized, with bands and spots fused to form a solid shield covering most of the dorsum; abdomen of other morphs with more or less clearly marked dorsal bands, sometimes fragmented on some tergites into rows of partially interconnected, partially free sclerites, and marginal maculae on all segments. Surface of head and dorsal side of body smooth, sometimes with sparse, rare, large pointed spinules, or slightly wrinkled with short rows of sparse spinules on abdominal tergites VI and VII, which on tergite VIII become more numerous and partially fused to form scales; only occasionally the surface is finely reticulate on marginal macula and around spiracles of apterous exules (contours of cells formed by thin, irregular line); surface of ventral side of abdomen with long rows of small pointed spinules sometimes forming strongly stretched cells.

Setae on body and appendages numerous, rigid, long, pointed or finely-pointed. Marginal and spinal tubercles present (except oviparous females). Frontal tubercles of apterous morphs are not developed, frons flat or very slightly convex. Frontal tubercles of alate morphs are well developed, the median tubercle not reaching the level of the more clearly expressed antennal tubercles. Antennae 6-segmented in all morphs except oviparous females whose antennae are 5-segmented; antennae of apterous specimens without secondary rhinaria, and alate specimens with secondary rhinaria. Secondary rhinaria round, rarely elliptical, numerous, very protruberant, with high cylindrical or slightly conical sclerotized base and membrane inflated as a dome. Ultimate rostral segment narrow, elongated, and wedge-shaped (shorter and broader in oviparous females). Legs normal. Chaetotaxy of first tarsal segments 3, 3, 2. Siphunculi are cylindrical, tapering towards the apex, with a distinct flange, sometimes slightly bottle-shaped, with long setae. Subgenital plate oval. Cauda rounded, escutcheon-like. Hind tibia of apterous viviparous exules and, rarely, other parthenogenetic morphs, with pheromone plates.

Etymology. The new genus is named in honor of the well-known Japanese aphidologist Masahisa Miyazaki. Gender: feminine.

Diagnosis. The new genus belongs to the subtribe Anuraphidina of tribe Macrosiphini (family Aphididae ) and is related to Sappaphis Matsumura, 1918 . Representatives of both genera have long, finely pointed setae on the body and appendages, a rounded escutcheon-like cauda, setae on the siphunculi, and a heteroecious life cycle. Apterous exules and some specimens of other parthenogenetic morphs of both genera have pheromone plates on the hind tibiae. Secondary rhinaria on the antennae of alate morphs resemble the teeth of a ripsaw (the distal edge of the sclerotized base of each rhinarium is lower than its proximal edge, so that the central axis and apex of the rhinarium is tilted toward the apex of the segment, as in the tooth of a ripsaw).

However, there are important differences between these genera. The dorsal setae of the body and those on appendages of Sappaphis are flagellate, whereas the corresponding setae of Miyazakia are stiff. The surface of most of the dorsum of Sappaphis is more-or-less reticulate, whereas the surface of most of the dorsal side of the body of Miyazakia is smooth with more-or-less rare spinules and only the marginal maculae of apterous exules occasionally have fine reticulation. Siphunculi of Sappaphis are without setae, except in apterous exules, where they are restricted to the flat sclerotized base or at least to the basal half; setae are present on the siphunculi of all known morphs of Miyazakia , and they are located throughout the entire length of siphunculi, or at least not confined to the basal half. The cauda of Sappaphis has numerous setae (for example 16-26 setae for apterous exules), whereas that of Miyazakia has relatively few (for example 4-7 setae for apterous exules). The primary rhinaria of Sappaphis are small, whereas those of Miyazakia are large with a domed projecting membrane. Apterous morphs of Sappaphis are weakly sclerotized, whereas apterous exules of Miyazakia are strongly sclerotized and have the dorsum almost covered by a solid shield, and oviparous females have more-or-less welldeveloped sclerotized bands on all tergites of thorax and abdomen. Siphunculi of apterous exules of Sappaphis are broadly conical, with an almost flat base, creating the impression that the siphunculi are located on large sclerites, whereas the siphunculi of apterous exules of Miyazakia are cylindrical or slightly bottle-shaped. The front of the head of the alate morphs of Sappaphis is slightly convex in dorsal view, whereas the frontal tubercles of the alate morphs of Miyazakia are well developed, with the median tubercle not reaching the level of the more clearly expressed antennal tubercles. The primary host of Sappaphis is pear ( Pyrus ), from which aphids migrate to wormwood ( Artemisia ), whereas the most probable primary host of Miyazakia is Photinia villosa , with migration to buttercup ( Ranunculus ).

In the subtribe Anuraphidina , setae are also present on the siphunculi in the genera Sorbaphis Shaposhnikov, 1950 and Muscaphis Börner, 1933 , and in one species of Dysaphis Börner, 1931 — D. sibirica Shaposhnikov, 1986 . Miyazakia differs from Sorbaphis and Dysaphis by the almost complete absence of the reticulation of the cuticle, from the species of the genera Sorbaphis and Muscaphis by the presence of marginal and median tubercles and in the form of the siphunculi, and from Dysaphis by the different form of the antennal secondary rhinaria of alatae.

Miyazakia ranunculi ( Miyazaki, 1971) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 1–7 , 8–18 , Tabl. 1–2 )

Material examined. Japan: Hirao, Osaka Prefecture, Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC, 15.XII.1959 (coll. M. Sorin) —2 gynoparae and 4 males; Hirao, Osaka Prefecture, Rhamnus dahurica Pall. , 20.XII.1959 (coll. M. Sorin) —2 oviparous females; Taishi, Osaka Prefecture, Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. , 3.VII.1960 (coll. M. Sorin) —2 apterous viviparous females; the same locality, host-plant and date (coll. R. Takahashi) —3 apterous viviparous females; the same locality and host-plant, 5.VII.1960 (coll. M. Sorin) —7 apterous viviparous females; Mt. Iwawaki, Osaka Prefecture, the same host-plant, 30.VII.1960 (coll. M. Sorin) —3 apterous viviparous females; Hirao, Osaka Prefecture, the same host-plant, 1.XI.1960 (coll. M. Sorin) —14 gynoparae; the same locality, Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC, 2.XI.1960 (coll. M. Sorin) —4 oviparous females; the same locality and host-plant, 9.XI.1960 (coll. M. Sorin) —3 gynoparae; the same locality, Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. , 11.XI.1960 (coll. M. Sorin) —1 gynopara and 7 males; the same locality, Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC, 11.XI.1960 (coll. M. Sorin)—1 gynopara and 4 males; Tanegashima, Kagoshima Prefecture, 2.VI.1973 (coll. E. Manabe) —4 emigrant or alatae exules.

Types. Syntypes of this species — 14 apterous and 4 alate viviparous females – is preserved in the aphid collections of the Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University (Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan) [not examined].

Description. Alatae viviparous female (emigrant or alate exule) (4 specements). Body elongated oval or elliptical, 1.9–2.3 (2.1) times as long as its width. Color in life unknown. Cleared specimens with head, thorax, antennae, upper third of the femora, apices of tibia, tarsi, and siphunculi, subgenital and anal plates and cauda dark brown; two last segments of rostrum, femora (except upper thirds) and tibia (except apices) pale brown. Abdominal dorsum with sclerotized bands on all tergites and large marginal maculae on segments I–VII; bands on segments I–II small, thin; sclerotized band and marginal maculae on tergite VII always fused. Head smooth with large, sparse, pointed spinules; dorsal and ventral side of thorax and abdominal tergites I–VI smooth, weakly wrinkled and rarely with large pointed spinules on marginal maculae; tergite VII with short rows of sparse spinules sometimes situated in form of cells, which on tergite VIII become more numerous, partially fused and forming short scales. Two marginal tubercles always present on prothorax and abdominal segments I–V (one of four specimens with one marginal tubercle on segment III). Head without any trace of epicranial coronal suture; frontal tubercles clearly developed, median tubercle not reaching the level of antennal tubercles. Secondary rhinaria are rounded, rarely elliptical, numerous, strongly protruberant, with high cylindrical or slightly conical sclerotized base and with domed projecting membrane, with external diameter 1.3–4.0 times as long as high, spaced evenly along the segment; primary rhinaria with strongly swollen and protruding central membranous part surrounded by long cilia. Rostrum reaching abdominal segment III. Ultimate segment of rostrum narrow, elongate, wedge-shaped. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II fused. Siphunculi with 3–7 (4.8) setae, 42-61 (50) µm long. Cauda rounded, escutcheon-like. Two specimens out of four with one pheromone plate on one of the hind tibiae.

Apterous viviparous female (exule) (15 specimens + data of Miyazaki (1971)). Body elliptical or broadly elliptical, 1.6–1.8 (1.6–1.7) times as long as its width. Body in life reddish dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown to dark brown ventrally. Cleared and mounted specimens have brown head, antennae, last two segments of rostrum, legs, bands and marginal maculae on all segments of thorax and abdomen, peritremes, siphunculi, subgenital and anal plate and cauda. Dorsal surface of the thorax and abdomen almost completely sclerotized, bands and marginal maculae on meso- and metathorax and abdominal tergites I–VI fused into a single shield, except for a transparent “window” on the border of tergites V and VI; sclerotized bands and marginal maculae on prothorax and on tergite VII always fused. Surface of frons with sparse, large, pointed spinules, on the rest of head, of dorsal side of thorax, and abdominal tergite IV smooth, slightly wrinkled and only occasionally on marginal maculae and borders of spiracles faintly reticulate (contours of reticulations formed by thin, serrated lines), of tergite VI with sparse large smoothed spinules, which on tergite VII become more numerous and form short rows, and on tergite VIII become pointed and partially fused. Surface of ventral side of abdomen with long rows of small pointed spinules sometimes forming strongly stretched cells. Two marginal tubercles always present on prothorax and abdominal segments I–V (one specimen without marginal tubercles on II); marginal tubercles on abdominal segments I–V protuberant, form hemispherical to conical, sometimes strongly protuberant, smallest tubercles grading to papilliform, diameter of tubercles 1.0–2.8 times as long as high. Two spinal tubercles always present on head, absent elsewhere. Setae on body and appendages pointed or finely pointed. Chaetotaxy of first tarsal segments 3, 3, 2. Head with slight traces of coronary suture, occasionally without. Frontal tubercles not developed, frons flat or very slightly convex. Antennae 6-segmented, without secondary rhinaria; primary rhinaria with ring of long ciliae. Rostrum long, reaching abdominal segments IV–V. Ultimate segment of rostrum elongated, wedge-shaped. Legs normal. Arms of mesosternal furca connected by wide, sclerotized base. Spiracles wide open, roundish reniform. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II continuous or fused, or separated by a distance less than diameter of peritreme. Siphunculi cylindrical, narrowing towards apex, with distinct flange, sometimes slightly bottle-shaped (with a wider basal half, gradual narrowing in the middle and an almost cylindrical slightly narrower upper half), with 3–10 (5.0–7.0) setae, 66–91 (75–83) µm long. Siphunculi covered with sparse short rows of pointed spines which are partially fused and form separate scales closer to the apex; sometimes with a row of polygonal cells at apex before flange. Subgenital plate oval. Cauda rounded, escutcheon-like, sometimes slightly wart-shaped due to slight constriction before base. Hind tibia with 1–8 (3.7–4.3) rounded pheromone plates at the apex.

Alatae viviparous female (gynopara) (21 specimens + data of Miyazaki (1971)). Body elliptical or elongate egg-shaped, 2.0–2.2 (2.0–2.2) times as long as its width. Body in life blackish brown (M. Sorin, pers. comm.). Two marginal tubercles always present on prothorax and abdominal segments I–V. External diameter of secondary rhinaria 0.8–5.0 times as long as high. Rostrum reaching abdominal segment II. Siphunculi with 3–8 (4.0–7.0) setae, 47–61 (52–59) µm long. 10% of individuals with one circular pheromone plate on one of the hind tibia.

Length of posterior seta on hind trochanter/diameter of trochantro- 1.05–1.14 1.45–2.22 0.91–1.52

femoral suture (1.08) (1.59–1.90) (0.93–1.35)

Hind tibia length 1259–1361 769–1010 1165–1426 (1315) (822–1010) (1246–1396) on subgenital anterior 7–17 (11.8) 6–16 (9.1–13.3) 4–18 (4.0–13.5) plate posterior 18–25 (22.5) 14–27 (17.6–22.0) 17–28

(17.0–27.0) on cauda 4–5 (4.8) 4–7 (5.2-5.7) 5–7 (5.0–6.3) ......continued on the next page Morphs Emigrant or Apterous Gynopara

alate exules viviparous female

Length of processus terminalis/length of basal part of last antennal 3.94–4.15 2.18–3.06 3.41–5.40

segment (4.06) (2.54) (4.25–5.05)

Length of 2nd segment of hind tarsus 103–108 93–106 96–108

(104) (99) (101)

Ultimate Length 167–197 185–216 192–216

rostral (181) (191–204) (198–207)

segment length/ length of 2nd segment of hind tarsus 1.61–1.91 1.83–2.18 1.86–2.17 (1.78) (1.90–2.08) (1.90–2.07) Male (15 specimens). Alate. Body elongated elliptical, 2.2–2.6 (2.2–2.5) times as long as its width. Body in life dark brown (M. Sorin, pers. comm.). Dorsal surface of abdomen with sclerotized bands on all tergites and large marginal maculae on segments I–VII, band on segment II sometimes divided on separate sclerites. Surface of head, dorsal and ventral side of thorax and abdominal tergites I–VI smooth, slightly wrinkled and only sometimes with marginal maculae with sparse, large, pointed spines. Two marginal tubercles always present on prothorax and abdominal segments I–V (one specimen with one marginal tubercle on segment VI). Spinal tubercles present on the head in twelve of fifteen specimens (tubercles paired in nine specimens), absent elsewhere. Rostrum reaching abdominal segment III. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II fused and only in one specimen on the one side separated by a distance less than diameter of peritreme. Siphunculi cylindrical, narrowed to apex, with flanges, with 2–5 (3.8) setae, 30–54 (43) µm long. Siphunculi with scales formed from the partially fused pointed spinules. Hind tibia without pheromone plates.

Oviparous female (6 specimens). Body broadly elliptical or elliptical, 1.4–1.8 (1.6–1.7) times as long as its width. Body in life dark brown (M. Sorin, pers. comm.). Cleared and mounted specimens with head, antennae, last two segments of rostrum, legs, bands and marginal maculae on all segments of thorax and abdomen, peritremes, siphunculi, subgenital and anal plates, and cauda brown. Dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen with bands and marginal maculae on all segments, bands on some abdominal segments fragmented into rows of partially interconnected, partially free sclerites; sclerotized bands and marginal maculae on tergite VII fused. Surface of head, dorsal side of thorax and abdominal tergites I–V smooth, slightly wrinkled, on tergites VI–VIII with short and rare rows of pointed spinules which on tergite VIII are sometimes fused to form short scales. Marginal and spinal tubercles absent. Chaetotaxy of first tarsal segments 3, 3, 2 and only sometimes one or two fore and middle tarsi with 2 setae. Head with traces of coronary suture. Frontal tubercles are not expressed, frons slightly convex. Antennae 5-segmented, without secondary rhinaria. Rostrum reaching abdominal segment I–II. Ultimate segment of rostrum wedge-shaped. Legs shortened and slightly thickened. Arms of mesosternal furca separated. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II separated by a distance lesser than diameter of peritreme. Siphunculi cylindrical, narrowed to apex, with distinct flanges, with 2 long (59–61) setae on each siphunculi. Surface of siphunculi with sparse scales formed from the partially fused spinules. Hind tibia swollen in basal half, with 88–93 round pheromone plates located almost the entire length of the tibia, but more of them located in the basal half.

Egg (on Photinia ). Black, shiny, about 0.5 mm in length (M. Sorin, pers. comm.).

Distribution. Japan: Osaka Prefecture, Kagoshima Prefecture (Tanegashima Island); Korea ( Blackman and Eastop, 2006).

Biology. Miyazaki described this species from Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. Alate viviparous females and alate males from Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC were collected and labeled by Sorin as Sappaphis ranunculi . Comparison of these specimens with alate females and males collected in the same place and at the same time on Ranunculus shows that individuals from Photinia and Ranunculus do not differ morphologically and therefore the conclusions of Sorin that they belong to the same species were correct.

. .....continued on the next page Ultimate length 178–202 126–137 116–119 rostral (189) (130) (118) segment length/ length of 2nd segment of hind tarsus 1.80–2.18 1.44–1.54 1.35–1.47

(1.95–2.00) (1.48) (1.42) Also among Sorin’s material is an oviparous female collected from Photinia , similar in a number of morphological characters to the apterous viviparous females from Ranunculus , allowing it to be identified as this species. Sorin also noted that this female laid eggs on Photinia (M. Sorin, pers. comm.). It can therefore be concluded with a high degree of confidence that Miyazakia ranunculi is a heteroecious species that migrates to Ranunculus from Photinia , and that alate parthenogenetic females collected in the autumn on Ranunculus are gynoparae. Plant species belonging to the subfamily Maloideae (or subtribe Pyrinae in modern classification; Potter et al., 2007) are the most common primary hosts of aphids of subtribe Anuraphidina ( Shaposhnikov et al., 1998) so that the relationship of the new genus with Photinia conforms to this trend. However, among Sorin’s slides is one containing two oviparous adults and four larvae of oviparous females collected on Rhamnus dahurica Pall. It is known that sometimes oviparous females can develop on an unsuitable host; these oviparae from Rhamnus are smaller than females from Photinia (see Table 2 ) perhaps indicating they were on an unsuitable host. However, it may be a mistake in the determination of plants. On slide no. 11762 in the collection of Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, the host-plant was originally specified on the label as " Rhamnus dahurica ", but this had later been crossed out and changed to " Pourthiaea villosa " (i.e. modern Photinia villosa ). However until a detailed study of the biology of Miyazakia ranunculi is conducted, Rhamnus cannot be excluded from the list of possible primary hosts of this species.

There is another slide among Sorin’s material containing 4 alate viviparous females collected in yellow pan traps by Mr. E. Manabe on 2 June 1973, on the island of Tanegashima (Kagoshima Prefecture). These specimens are morphologically very similar to the gynoparae from Ranunculus and Photinia , and Sorin labelled them as Sappaphis ranunculi . The relatively early date of collection suggests that they may be emigrants, although it is impossible to exclude the possibility that they are alate exules, especially considering that the island of Tanegashima is located in the subtropical zone.

Dr. Sorin informed me that the aphids on Photinia are found on the underside of leaves and those on Ranunculus are found near the buds (M. Sorin, pers. comm.).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 7. Miyazakia ranunculi (Miyazaki, 1971), apterous viviparous female: 1, habitus; 2, front of head; 3, antennae; 4, ultimate segment of rostrum; 5, hind tarsus; 6, siphunculus; 7, cauda.

FIGURES 8 – 18. Miyazakia ranunculi (Miyazaki, 1971), emigrant (or alatae exules), gynopara, male and oviparous female. 8, abdomen of emigrant (or alate exule); 9, antennae of emigrant (or alate exule); 10, siphunculi of emigrant (or alate exule); 11, siphunculus of gynopara; 12, siphunculus of male; 13, siphunculus of oviparous female; 14, cauda of emigrant (or alate exule); 15, cauda of gynopara; 16, cauda of male; 17, cauda of oviparous female; 18, hind tibia of oviparous female.

Tables

TABLE 2. Biometric data for males and oviparous females of Miyazakia ranunculi (Miyazaki, 1971)

Morphs	Males	Oviparous females from Photinia	Oviparous females from Rhamnus
Number of samples/specimens	3/15	1/4	1/2
Length of body	1553–1827 (1645–1769)	1213–1487 (1345)	1218–1340 (1279)
Length of antennae	1836–2387 (2062–2279)	731–781 (767)	711–794 (749)
Length of antennae/length of body	1.22–1.31 (1.28)	0.52–0.62 (0.57)	0.58–0.59
Hind femora length	503–601 (529–585)	264–308 (290)	264–294 (284)
length/length of body	0.31–0.36 (0.33)	0.20–0.23 (0.22)	0.22
Length of posterior seta on hind trochanter/diameter of trochantro-femoral suture	0.85–1.24 (1.00)	0.96–1.47 (1.23)	0.83–0.96 (0.89)
Hind tibia length	1035–1221 (1072–1181)	492–550 (529)	492–518 (506)
length/length of body	0.64–0.73 (0.67)	0.36–0.42 (0.39)	0.38–0.40 (0.39)
Tubercles siphunculus in the middle/ largest tubercle width of the marginal tubercle on abdominal smallest tubercle segments I–V	1.25–1.89 (1.44–1.76) 2.58–5.67 (3.51–3.97)	- -	- -
number of spinal	0–2 (0.5–2.0)	0	0
Setae the on 3rd length lon- antennal length/basal diameter of gest segment segment	21–38 (32) 0.82–1.56 (1.15–1.35)	61–78 (69) 4.17–6.00 (5.00)	51–56 (54) 3.14–3.67 (3.32)
on abdo- III length minal length/basal diameter of tergite segment	52–63 (58) 2.08–2.75 (2.35)	84–91 (87) 5.50–7.55 (6.27)	66 3.71–4.33 (4.02)
VIII length	54–68 (60)	99–106 (104)	81–94 (87)
length/basal diameter of segment	1.92–3.38 (2.22–2.59)	6.83–8.40 (7.48)	4.57–6.17 (5.34)
number on 3rd antennal segment	20–34 (26.4–27.1)	9–12 (10.6)	9–11 (10.3)
accessory on ultimate rostral segment	5–11 (7.3–8.5)	2	2
on abdominal tergite VIII	5–11 (6.8–9.1)	19–23 (21.3)	18–19 (18.5)
on subgenital anterior plate posterior	- -	13–29 (18.0) 20–37 (31.3)	10–12 (11.0) 30–36 (33.0)
on cauda	5–8 (6.5)	8–10 (9.0)	10–11(10.5)
Morphs	Males	Oviparous females from Photinia	Oviparous females from Rhamnus