Leguminosae

Lucas, Eve J., Haigh, Anna L., Castellanos, Cesar, Aguilar-Cano, José, Biggs, Nicola, Castellanos, Carolina C., Fabriani, Federico, Frisby, Susan, García, Lina, Klitgård, Bente B., Morales-Puentes, Maria Eugenia, Parra-O, Carlos, Perezescobar, Oscar, Zuluaga, Alejandro & Lewis, Gwilym P., 2023, An updated checklist of Araceae, Leguminosae and Myrtaceae of the department of Boyacá, Colombia, including keys to genera and new occurrence records, Phytotaxa 589 (2), pp. 137-178 : 145-150

Key to Leguminosae Genera in Boyacá

This key is largely based on features of taxa occurring in Boyacá and will not necessarily work for specimens and species of a genus collected outside the department or country. Genera in the checklist are arranged alphabetically. For recent nomenclatural updates in some genera see the remarks section. Cultivated taxa are included in the key and indicated by an asterisk. For terminology on leaf morphology, see Figure 2.

1a. Leaves simple or 1-foliolate, or with expanded petioles (phyllodes), or leaves lacking (plant aphyllous) .......................... Group 1

1b. Leaves with 2 or more leaflets............................................................................................................................................................ 2

2a. Leaves with 2 leaflets ............................................................................................................................................................ Group 2

2b. Leaves with more than 2 leaflets ........................................................................................................................................................ 3

3a. Leaves 3-foliolate or palmately divided into 5 to many leaflets ........................................................................................... Group 3

3b. Leaves pinnate....................................................................................................................................................................... Group 4

3c. Leaves bipinnate.................................................................................................................................................................... Group 5

Group 1

Leaves 1-foliolate, simple, or plants with phyllodes, or leaves lacking (plant aphyllous).

1a. Leaves caducous, the plants often appearing leafless ........................................................................................................................ 2

2a. Plants spiny; median petal inner-most; fruit indehiscent................................................................................... Parkinsonia praecox

2b. Plants unarmed; median petal outer-most; fruit dehiscent, valves twisting ........................................................ Spartium junceum *

1b. Leaves (or phyllodes) persistent......................................................................................................................................................... 3

3a. Flowers large, showy, not papilionoid or mimosoid; leaves 2-lobed and palmately veined, or entire .............................................. 4

4a. Trees or shrubs without tendrils, sometimes with intrastipular spines................................................................................. Bauhinia

4b. Lianas with tendrils, spines lacking................................................................................................................... Schnella guianensis

3b. Flowers papilionoid or mimosoid, variable in size; leaves not 2-lobed or palmately veined ............................................................ 5

5a. Flowers mimosoid, in dense heads; plants with pyllodes (= expanded petioles)..................................................................... Acacia

5b. Flowers papilionoid, solitary or in few-flowered inflorescences, never in dense heads; plants lacking phyllodes........................... 6

6a. Spiny shrubs with (seemingly) needle-like leaves ................................................................................................... Ulex europaeus *

6b. Plants unarmed, leaves not needle-like .............................................................................................................................................. 7

7a. Trees; flowers with a single petal and multiple (well over 10) stamens ............................................................................... Swartzia

7b. Herbs, rarely subshrubs; flowers papilionoid, with five petals and 10 stamens................................................................................. 8

8a. Leaves obscurely gland-dotted below (use a x 20 lens); corolla with keel not beaked; fruit not, or only slightly, inflated ................ ..................................................................................................................................................................... Eriosema simplicifolium

8b. Leaves not gland-dotted; corolla with keel strongly beaked; fruits inflated ....................................................................... Crotalaria

Group 2

Leaves 2-foliolate

1a. Trees; leaflets asymmetrical, the midvein excentric; flowers with median petal innermost or a single petal ................................... 2

2a. Petal 1 per flower........................................................................................................................................................... Macrolobium

2b. Petals 5 per flower.............................................................................................................................................................................. 3

3a. Flowers in terminal panicles............................................................................................................................................................... 4

4a. Fruit turgid, indehiscent, with pulpy endocarp (when fresh); leaflets lacking specialized marginal glands...................... Hymenaea

4b. Fruit compressed, 2-valved, usually dehiscent; leaflets with a thickening or definite gland on adaxial margin near base ................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................. Peltogyne

3b. Flowers in short, axillary racemes..................................................................................................................................... Cynometra

1b. Herbs; leaflets symmetrical; flowers papilionoid, median petal outer-most ...................................................................................... 5

5a. Leaf without a tendril; flowers yellow; inflorescence bracteose; fruit a bristly loment........................................................... Zornia

5b. Leaf terminating in a tendril; flowers never yellow; inflorescence not bracteose; fruit a dehiscent pod without bristles................. 6

6a. Stipules smaller than the leaflets, margins not toothed; style flat ......................................................................................... Lathyrus

6b. Stipules larger than the leaflets, margins toothed, at least along the lower half; style longitudinally folded ........... Pisum sativum *

Group 3

Leaves 3-foliolate or palmately divided (encountered in subfamily Papilionoideae only).

1a. Leaves palmately divided ....................................................................................................................................................... Lupinus

1b. Leaves 3-foliolate ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2

2a. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate (the terminal leaflet not on a rachis extension) .................................................................................... 3

3a. Leaflet margins serrulate ...................................................................................................................................................... Trifolium

3b. Leaflet margins entire......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

4a. Flowers purple or mauve; leaflets glandular-punctate (although glands sometimes obscured by indumentum)............. Otholobium

4b. Flowers yellow; leaflets not glandular-punctate................................................................................................................................. 5

5a. Flowers in compact bracteose heads; fruit a loment with only the upper of the two articles fertil................................. Stylosanthes

5b. Flowers in lax or dense racemes; fruits many-seeded........................................................................................................................ 6

6a. Corolla with the keel strongly beaked; pods inflated .......................................................................................................... Crotalaria

6b. Corolla with the keel not beaked; pods not inflated .................................................................................... Genista monspessulana *

2b. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate (the terminal leaflet on a rachis extension)........................................................................................... 7

7a. Leaflet margins serrat ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8

8a. Petals persisting in fruit; stamens with filaments dilated below the anthers; fruit included in the calyx ............ Trifolium dubium *

8b. Petals not persisting in fruit; stamen filaments not dilated; fruits exserted........................................................................................ 9

9a. Flowers in lax racemes; fruits nutlet-like, drying greenish or brownish............................................................................ Melilotus *

9b. Flowers in heads or short compact racemes; fruits coiled or falcate, spiny or not, if nutlet-like then drying black......... Medicago *

7b. Leaflet margins not serrate ............................................................................................................................................................... 10

10a. Erect herbs, shrubs or trees, never scrambling or climbing ............................................................................................................. 11

11a. Leaflets (especially the lower surface) with tiny yellow or orange glands, which sometimes dry black (use x10 lens; glands sometimes concealed by the indumentum)....................................................................................................................................... 12

12a. Petals mauve or purple; pod one-seeded and partially hidden in the calyx...................................................................... Otholobium

12b. Petals yellow; pod 2 or more seeded, not hidden by the calyx......................................................................................................... 13

13a. The standard shiny red on outside; fruits several-seeded, transversally indented between the seeds........................ Cajanus cajan *

13b. The standard yellow outside, sometimes with reddish insect guides; fruits usually c. 2-seeded, not transversally indented between the seeds ................................................................................................................................................................................ Eriosema

11b. Leaflets eglandular ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14

14a. Flowers yellow, in compact bracteose heads; fruit a loment with only the upper of the two articles fertile .................. Stylosanthes

14b. Flowers of various colours but never yellow, in ± open racemes or nodose pseudoracemes; fruits various, if a loment then two or more articles fertile........................................................................................................................................................................... 15

15a. Herbs or small shrubs <2 m tall; flowers <1.5 cm long; fruit a loment with 1-seeded articles; hooked hairs common on fruits and stems................................................................................................................................................................................. Desmodium

15b. Large shrubs or trees> 3 m tall; flowers> 2 cm long; fruit not a loment; hooked hairs lacking .................................................... 16

16a. Stipels not swollen; flowers resupinate, in ramiflorous, nodose pseudoracemes, the corolla salmon pink with magenta markings; seeds brown ............................................................................................................................................................................. Clitoria

16b. Stipels swollen (glandular); flowers rarely resupinate, in non-ramiflorous racemes, the colour variable but never as above; seeds red or bicoloured (red and black) ........................................................................................................................................ Erythrina

10b. Scrambling or twining herbs, vines, robust lianas, or shrubs with scrambling branches................................................................. 17

17a. Leaflets (especially the lower surface) with tiny yellow or orange glands (use x10 lens); fruits 2-seeded..................... Rhynchosia

17b. Leaflets eglandular; fruits with a varying number of seeds ............................................................................................................. 18

18a. Flowers 3.5–11 cm long, in pendent racemes; fruits often with irritant orange-brown hairs................................................. Mucuna

18b. Flowers <5 cm long, inflorescences not pendent; fruits lacking irritant hairs ................................................................................ 19

19a. Fruit a loment breaking into 1-seeded articles ................................................................................................................. Desmodium

19b. Fruit a dehiscent pod, not lomentaceous .......................................................................................................................................... 20

20a. The upper two calyx teeth largely or entirely fused so that the calyx appears 4-lobed; keel petals not coiled................................ 21

21a. Leaflets usually (3-)lobed; fruits pilose, drying black............................................................................. Neustanthus phaseoloides *

21b. Leaflets not lobed; fruits variously pubescent or glabrous, not drying black .................................................................................. 22

22a. Robust lianas with woody pseudoracemes; the larger leaflets> 10 cm long; pods> 15 mm wide........................................ Dioclea

22b. Weak herbaceous twiners with slender pseudoracemes; the larger leaflets <10 cm long; pods <10 mm wid ..................... Galactia

20b. The upper two calyx teeth not or ± fused, calyx 5-lobed; keel petals sometimes coiled ................................................................. 23

23a. Fruit suture tuberculate (blistered or warty along the margin)............................................................................. Lablab purpureus *

23b. Fruit suture not tuberculate............................................................................................................................................................... 24

24a. Wing petals distinctly larger than the standard.............................................................................................................. Macroptilium

24b. Wing petals smaller than or equalling the standard.......................................................................................................................... 25

25a. Fruit with a distinct upturned apical beak ......................................................................................................................... Teramnus *

25b. Fruit without an upturned beak......................................................................................................................................................... 26

26a. Bracts and bracteoles persistent until flowering; hooked hairs always present on at least some parts (x 25 magnification); inflorescence nodes not swollen, lacking glands................................................................................................................. Phaseolus

26b. Bracts and bracteoles caducous before flowering; hooked hairs absent; inflorescence nodes swollen, with glands....................... 27

27a. Flowers cream or yellow, lacking any pink or purple markings ................................................................................................ Vigna

27b. Flowers violet, purple, pink, red or blue (rarely with some petals green)........................................................................................ 28

28a. Keel petals coiled, often through several spirals.............................................................................................................................. 29

29a. Keel petals coiled with a single spiral .......................................................................................................... Sigmoidotropis speciosa

29b. Keel petals coiled in 3 or more spirals ....................................................................................................... Cochliasanthus caracalla

28b. Keel petals not coiled ....................................................................................................................................................................... 30

30a. Flowers <1 cm long.................................................................................................................................................... Calopogonium

30b. Flowers> 1 cm long......................................................................................................................................................................... 31

31a. Calyx subtended by a pair of large bracteoles, entirely or largely concealing the bud; stipules not medifixed .............. Centrosema

31b. Bracteoles not hiding the calyx; stipules medifixed................................................................................................................... Vigna

Group 4

Leaves pinnate.

1a. Leaf paripinnate, with 2 pairs of opposite leaflets ............................................................................................................................. 2

2a. Trees (to 35 m tall), shrubs or subshrubs; flowers not papilionoid; fruits never geocarpic ............................................................... 3

3a. Petiolules twisted; flowers in pendent, long-pedunculate racemes; petals mauve to lilac-blue, anthers monomorphic, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; fruits woody, scimitar-shaped, dehiscent; seeds> 3 cm in diameter, testa thin and papery.................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................ Brachycylix vageleri

3b. Petiolules not twisted; if flowers in pendent racemes, these not long-pedunculate; petals yellow; anthers dimorphic, dehiscing by apical pores or short lateral slits ................................................................................................................................................ Senna

2b. Herbs; flowers papilionoid; fruits geocarpic ........................................................................................................ Arachis hypogaea *

1b. Leaf with> 4 leaflets, if in 2 pairs then these not opposite................................................................................................................ 4

4a. Herbs or vines..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

5a. Leaf ending in a tendril....................................................................................................................................................................... 6

6a. Stipules foliaceous, larger than leaflets ..................................................................................................................... Pisum sativum *

6b. Stipules not foliaceous, smaller than leaflets ..................................................................................................................................... 7

7a. Inflorescences with 1–3 flowers; fruits with 1 or 2 lenticular seeds .......................................................................... Lens culinaris *

7b. Inflorescences with 1 to many flowers; fruits with> 2, obovoid or obtuse-cubical seed .................................................................. 8

8a. Style pubescent adaxially (on inside), for ⅓–½ of its length ................................................................................................ Lathyrus

8b. Style pubescent abaxially (on outside) or all around, only towards apex ................................................................................... Vicia

5b. Leaf ending in one or two leaflets ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

9a. Scrambling vines; flowers> 5 cm long; calyces> 3 cm long (including the c. 1 cm long linear teeth); corolla blood red; stems, leaf rachises and calyces densely clothed with dark patent hairs; stipels evident at the insertion of the leaflet pairs................ Barbieria

9b. Erect herbs or subshrubs; flowers <2 cm long; corolla not blood red............................................................................................. 10

10a. Stipules dentate or sagittate; leaflet margins dentate ................................................................................................ Cicer arietinum *

10b. Stipules not sagittate, margins entire, or stipules inconspicuous ..................................................................................................... 11

11a. Fruit a loment, breaking into 2–18, 1-seeded articles ................................................................................................. Aeschynomene

11b. Fruit a pod dehiscing into two valves, sometimes slightly to strongly constricted between the seeds, or fruits 1-seeded .............. 12

12a. Leaflets with secondary venation almost parallel, sharply ascending (c. 20° to the midrib) .............................................. Tephrosia

12b. Leaflets with secondary venation not strictly parallel nor sharply ascending.................................................................................. 13

13a. Leaflets glandular-punctate; flowers bluish purple; fruit 1-seeded ............................................................................................ Dalea

13b. Leaflets not glandular-punctate; flowers yellow, pinkish, or a combination of these colours; fruits with 2 to many seeds............ 14

14a. Leaflets with 2-branched (medifixed) hairs; corolla pinkish ............................................................................................. Indigofera

14b. Leaflets without 2-branched hairs; corolla yellow ........................................................................................................................... 15

15a. Corolla open, not papilionoid, stamens free; anthers dehiscing by pores; fruits dehiscent with twisting valves ......... Chamaecrista

15b. Corolla papilionoid, stamen filaments united; fruits sometimes with twisting valves..................................................................... 16

16a. Stem pithy; fruit linear, subcylindric, over 10 cm long......................................................................................................... Sesbania

16b. Stem solid; fruit <10 cm long...................................................................................................................... Coursetia intermontana

4b. Trees, shrubs or lianas ...................................................................................................................................................................... 17

17a. Flowers regular, with 5 corolla lobes and> 10 stamens partially fused into a tube; leaves with cup-shaped or disc-shaped nectaries between each leaflet pair; the only singly pinnate mimosoid; leaf rachis often winged; fruits indehiscent ................................ Inga

17b. Flowers irregular, zygomorphic, or 3-merous, petals 5 or less, or lacking; stamens 10 or fewer, if more than 10 not fused into a tube ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

18a. Petals 1, 3 or lacking, if 5 then 2 of these rudimentary .................................................................................................................... 19

19a. Petals lacking, fruits dehiscent, few-seeded, seeds arillate .............................................................................................................. 20

20a. Flowers <1 cm in diameter; aggregated in panicles; stamens monomorphic, fewer than 10; leaflets partially glandular punctate ... ............................................................................................................................................................................................. Copaifera

20b. Flowers> 1 cm long; in racemes; stamens dimorphic, more than 10; leaflets not glandular punctate................................. Swartzia

19b. Petals 1 or 3(–5)................................................................................................................................................................................ 21

21a. Main petal white, and corolla with 1–4 additional rudimentary, white, petaloid structures; fruits laterally compressed, woody; leaf rachis slightly winged.................................................................................................................................................... Macrolobium

21b. Petals yellow or creamish yellow, or white; fruits variable, but not laterally compressed .............................................................. 22

22a. Petal 1, yellow, orange or white; stamens many, dimorphic; leaf rachis sometimes slightly winged................................... Swartzia

22b. Petals 3, creamish yellow with red markings (plus two rudimentary, tiny reddish petals); stamens 3, not dimorphic; leaf rachis not winged ................................................................................................................................................................... Tamarindus indica

18b. Petals (4–)5, all well developed.

23a. Flowers not papilionoid; median (standard) petal overlapped by adjacent lateral petals (especially in bud).................................. 24

24a. Petals 4; sepals 2; stamens more than 15, monomorphic; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; foliage nectaries absent; trees; flowers in cauliflorous spikes (ball-shaped at anthesis); fruits large dehiscent woody pods ................................................ Brownea

24b. Petals 5; sepals 5; stamens up to 10, dimorphic; anthers dehiscing by apical pores or short slits; foliage nectaries common but not ubiquitous; herbs, subshrubs or shrubs (less often trees); inflorescences not cauliflorous.............................................................. 25

25a. Extra-floral nectaries often present on leaf rachis and petiole; stamen filaments all straight................................................... Senna

25b. Extra-floral nectaries lacking on leaves; stamen filaments of the longer (fertile) stamens S-shaped...................... Cassia moschata

23b. Flowers papilionoid, standard petal outside adjacent lateral petals (most obvious in bud) ............................................................. 26

26a. Leaves opposite; fruits indehiscent, laterally compressed, 1-seeded samaroids with the seed centrally placed ................................. ...................................................................................................................................................................... Platymiscium pinnatum

26b. Leaves alternate................................................................................................................................................................................ 27

27a. Leaflets gland-dotted or with peltate glandular trichomes on the lower surface ............................................................................. 28

28a. Leaflets linear, under 2 mm wide, with black gland dots; calyces with orange gland dots; fruit 1-seeded, hidden within the calyx; flowers mauve; introduced cultivated shrub........................................................................................................... Psoralea pinnata *

28b. Leaflets not linear, over 2 cm wide, obscurely gland-dotted or with glandular trichomes on lower surface; fruit a showy drupe or large samara; flowers pinkish or yellow.

29a. Leaf rachis flattened and with a terminal extension; fruit a woody drupe; corolla pinkish; leaflet lower surface without peltate orange glands......................................................................................................................................................................... Dipteryx

29b. Leaf rachis terete; fruit a large samara, the basal, woody, seed chamber spiny; corolla yellow; leaflet lower surface with peltate orange glands.............................................................................................................................................. Centrolobium yavizanum

27b. Leaflets not gland-dotted and without peltate glandular trichomes ................................................................................................. 30

30a. Lianas; leaflets alternate; sap usually oxidizing red......................................................................................................................... 31

31a. Branches unarmed; corolla with standard petal glabrous; fruit a samaroid with one central seed ..................................... Dalbergia

31b. Branches often with recurved spines; corolla with standard petal hairy dorsally; fruit a samara with a basal seed chamber and terminal wing.................................................................................................................................................................. Machaerium

30b. Trees or shrubs.................................................................................................................................................................................. 32

32a. Petiole and leaf rachis flattened (with narrow wings)........................................................................................................... Dipteryx

32b. Petiole and leaf rachis not flattened.................................................................................................................................................. 33

33a. Leaflets alternate or only partly opposite on rachis.......................................................................................................................... 34

34a. Fruits not winged.............................................................................................................................................................................. 35

35a. Fruits many-seeded, valves twisting after dehiscence........................................................................................... Gliricidia sepium *

35b. Fruits with 1 or 2 seeds, drupaceous, seeds surrounded by red or orange aril ........................................... Dussia macroprophyllata

34b. Fruits winged.................................................................................................................................................................................... 36

36a. Fruit a 1-seeded samara, the seed chamber basal; standard petal pubescent on outer surface....................................... Machaerium

36b. Fruit samaroid with one central seed; standard petal glabrous on both surfaces. ............................................................................ 37

37a. Flowers yellow or orange; samaroid orbicular with seed in centre.................................................................................. Pterocarpus

37b. Flowers white or purple; samaroid oblong or ellipsoid.................................................................................................................... 38

38a. Leaflets <3 cm long; buds symmetrical; fruits <2 cm wide; fruit base not twisted .......................................................... Dalbergia

38b. Leaflets> 5 cm long; buds asymmetrical; fruits> 3 cm wide, fruit base twisted............................................. Diplotropis purpurea

33b. Leaflets opposite or subopposite on rachis....................................................................................................................................... 39

39a. Shrubs; flowers yellow; fruit with persistent style at apex................................................................................................... Coursetia

39b. Trees ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 40

40a. Fruits indehiscent.............................................................................................................................................................................. 41

41a. Fruit a woody, ellipsoid drupe, without a wing; leaves with stipels......................................................................................... Andira

41b. Fruit laterally compressed, papery, with a narrow wing along the upper suture; leaves without stipels ........ Bowdichia virgilioides

40b. Fruits dehiscent................................................................................................................................................................................. 42

42a. Calyx with well demarcated teeth or lobes....................................................................................................................................... 43

43a. Flower buds> 2 cm long; cucullate leaf bud scales caducous to reveal a persistent, digitate, brown stipule pair; woody fruits explosively dehiscent, the valves twisting........................................................................................ Orphanodendron grandiflorum

43b. Flower buds <1 cm long; leaf bud scales lacking; stipules not as above. ....................................................................................... 44

44a. Leaflets lacking prominent, parallel secondary veins; leaflet margins not revolute; fruits glabrous, several seeded; seeds brown .... ................................................................................................................................................................. Clathrotropis brachypetala

44b. Leaflets with prominent parallel secondary veins on the under surface; leaflet margins revolute; fruits with a rust coloured, velvety indumentum, 1–2-seeded; seeds bicoloured red and black ................................................................................... Ormosia coarctata

42b. Calyx margin subtrunctae with inconspicuous lobes ....................................................................................................................... 45

45a. Leaflets with marked tannin blotches when dry.................................................................................................... Gliricidia sepium *

45b. Leaflets lacking tannin blotches ................................................................................................................................... Lonchocarpus

Group 5

Leaves bipinnate.

1a. Stamens 10 or less per flower, the filaments free or slightly united towards base............................................................................. 2

2a. Petals imbricate in bud, flowers relatively large, showy and irregular............................................................................................... 3

3a. Leaves with a single pair of pinnae; pinna rachis flattened............................................................................ Parkinsonia aculeata *

3b. Leaves with 2 or more pairs of pinnae ............................................................................................................................................... 4

4a. Branches (and stems) with prickles or spines..................................................................................................................................... 5

5a. Petals with red markings, the lowermost sepal cucullate-fimbriate................................................................................ Tara spinosa

5b. Petals without red markings, the lowermost sepal not cucullate, entire............................................................ Parkinsonia praecox

4b. Branches without prickles .................................................................................................................................................................. 6

6a. Cultivated shrubs................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

7a. Flower median petal with a long tubular claw; pedicels eglandular ......................................................... Caesalpinia pulcherrima *

7a. Flower median petal lacking tubular claw; pedicels glandular .................................................................... Erythrostemon gilliesii *

6b. Trees ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

8a. Medium-sized trees to 15 m tall; flowers showy, predominantly red; fruits elongate, woody, several-seeded; introduced, cultivated as an ornamental .......................................................................................................................................................... Delonix regia *

8b. Large trees to 40 m tall; flowers small or medium-sized, yellow; fruits leathery, 1-seeded, seed in a papery endocarp envelope; native and cultivated...................................................................................................................................... Schizolobium parahyba

2b. Petals valvate in bud, flowers relatively small and regular (mimosoid) ............................................................................................ 9

9a. Plants armed with prickles, spines or thorns .................................................................................................................................... 10

10a. Flowers in heads, if in spikes or racemes then fruit a craspedium (breaking up to leave a persistent suture, the replum).... Mimosa

10b. Flowers in spiciform racemes; fruit indehiscent, not breaking up as above; mesocarp fibrous............................ Prosopis juliflora *

9b. Plants unarmed ................................................................................................................................................................................. 11

11a. Nectariferous structures present on the foliage (petiole, rachis) ...................................................................................................... 12

12a. Flowers dimorphic (inflorescence with hermaphrodite apical flowers, and sterile basal flowers); herbs or subshrubs. Desmanthus

12b. Flowers isomorphic, sterile flowers absent; trees............................................................................................................................. 13

13a. Flowers in spikes ............................................................................................................................................. Piptadenia pteroclada

13b. Flowers in heads............................................................................................................................................................................... 14

14a. Deciduous trees; fruits thick, woody, indehiscent ................................................................................... Enterolobium cyclocarpum

14b. Evergreen trees; fruits linear, laterally compressed, dehiscent along both sutures ........................................................... Leucaena

11b. Well delimited nectariferous structures absent on the foliage (flat glandular area on petiole and/or rachis present in Parkia )...... 15

15a. Lianas; flowers isomorphic (sterile flowers absent), in spikes grouped into dense pseudopanicles; fruits sometimes breaking up to leave persistent sutures (the replum) .............................................................................................................................. Entada gigas

15b. Trees; flowers dimorphic (sterile and non-sterile flowers present), in heads, not grouped into dense pseudopanicles, inflorescence long-pedunculate; fruits not breaking up to leave persistent sutures ........................................................................................ Parkia

1b. Stamens> 10 per flower, the filaments free or partially fused......................................................................................................... 16

16a. Stamen filaments essentially free ..................................................................................................................................................... 17

17a. Plants usually armed with spines or prickles; leaves with nectary glands ....................................................................................... 18

18a. Plants climbing or scrambling, armed with scattered prickles ............................................................................................ Senegalia

18b. Large shrubs or trees, armed with stipular spines ................................................................................................................ Vachellia

17b. Plants unarmed; leaves without nectary glands.................................................................................................................... Acaciella

16b. Stamen filaments partially fused (it might be necessary to dissect a flower to observe the fusion), the fused portion exserted from the corolla or not............................................................................................................................................................................... 19

19a. Plants armed with thorns at the nodes; pinnae in 1 or 2 pairs per leaf; fruits coiled................................................... Pithecellobium

19b. Plants unarmed ................................................................................................................................................................................. 20

20a. Nectaries absent on the foliage......................................................................................................................................................... 21

21a. Flowers in spherical heads; fruits thin-textured, membranous to subcoriaceous.................................................................. Zapoteca

21b. Flowers in obconiform heads; fruits rigid, coriaceous to ligneous .................................................................................... Calliandra

20b. Nectaries present on the foliage, either between the pinnae pairs, on the petiole, or both .............................................................. 22

22a. Flowers arranged in dense, spherical heads ..................................................................................................................................... 23

23a. Flower heads forming branched synflorescences; fruit a linear, laterally compressed, dehiscent pod ................. Albizia carbonaria

23b. Flower heads solitary, if several then clustered, not forming synflorescences; fruits indehiscent, thick, woody, partially coiled...... ................................................................................................................................................................. Enterolobium cyclocarpum

22b. Flowers arranged in pedunculate fascicles not forming globose heads, or in spikes ....................................................................... 24

24a. Pinnae in 1 or 2 pairs per leaf........................................................................................................................................................... 25

25a. Flowers white or pinkish, in short, rami- or cauliflorous spikes, clustered onto woody knots; fruits not red-brown inside, straight or slightly curved........................................................................................................................................................................ Zygia

25b. Flowers cream-coloured, yellowish or greenish, in heads, not rami- or cauliflorous, not clustered onto woody knots; fruits a reddish brown colour inside, strongly curved ........................................................................................................................... Abarema laeta

24b. Pinnae in> 2 pairs per leaf............................................................................................................................................................... 26

26a. Flowers arranged in spikes; stamen filaments yellowish green; cultivated in the Andes as an ornamental and occasionally encountered as an escape........................................................................................................................... Paraserianthes lophantha

26b. Flowers arranged in pedunculate fascicles; stamen filaments pink and white; sometimes cultivated as a shade tree; fruits thick, straight, with pulpy mesocarp................................................................................................................................... Samanea saman

Figures

FIGURE 2. Legume leaf morphology terminology for groups 1–5 in the key. Group 1: A, B, C and E; group 2: F; group 3: D, G and L; group 4: J and M; group 5: N. A: simple leaf (pulvinus only at petiole base); B: leaf unifoliolate (pulvini at petiole base and apex); C: leaf simple and bilobed (common in Bauhinia); D: leaf (digitately) trifoliolate; E: leaf petiole expanded into a flattened phyllode, the terminal leaflets caducous (typical of Acacia sensu stricto); F: leaf bifoliolate; G: leaf (pinnately) trifoliolate (often with stipels at the base of the leaflets, as seen in most phaseoloid legumes); H: detail of the stipels at leaflet bases; J: leaf paripinnate (i.e. once pinnate and terminating in a leaflet pair), and in this example the leaf rachis winged and an extra-floral nectary between each leaflet pair (this is a typical Inga leaf); K: detail of the extra-floral nectaries; L: leaf palmate, with five or more leaflets (typical of most Lupinus species); M: leaf imparipinnate (i.e. once pinnate and terminating in a single leaflet); N: leaf bipinnate (typical of all mimosoid legumes except Inga).