Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas Balthasar, 1939

Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L. & Vaz-De, Fernando Z., 2019, Taxonomic revision of the Canthidium Erichson, 1847 species of the gigas group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae), European Journal of Taxonomy 530, pp. 1-24 : 15-21

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2019.530

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2CD56144-79D7-4325-BCC6-353C48E374BD

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3511165

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C43E460-F731-D53B-FE1F-9073CE56532F

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas Balthasar, 1939
status

 

Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas Balthasar, 1939 View in CoL

Figs 1.A, C View Fig , 2 View Fig , 10 View Fig

Canthidium gigas Balthasar, 1939: 127 View in CoL , 128 (original description)

Canthidium gigas – Martínez 1947: 111 View in CoL (checklist).

Canthidium (Canthidium) gigas – Martínez & Halffter 1986: 27 View in CoL (checklist).

Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas – Cupello 2018: 469 View in CoL View Cited Treatment (new subgeneric assignment).

Neocanthidium gigas – Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 592 View in CoL (identification key).

Type material

Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; handwritten label; “Cayenne”; “Coll C Felsche/ Kauf 20, 1918”; “ C. gigas / sp. m./ Dr. V. Balthasar det.”; “ gigas / m.”; “TYPUS”; “ HOLOTYPE ♀ ”; NMPC.

Other specimens examined

BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Espírito Santo, Domingos Martins, Parque Estadual [“P.E.”] Pedra Azul ; 20°23 ′ 19.93 ″ S, 41°0 ′ 55.49 ″ W; Jan. 2000; Lopes-Andrade and F. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Venda Nova do Imigrante ; 20°19 ′ 39.02 ″ S, 41°8 ′ 9.36 ″ W; Feb. 1998; Falqueto and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia [“Itatiaya”]; 22°29 ′ 29 ″ S, 44°33 ′ 33 ″ W; 12 Dec. 1933; J.F. Zikán leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; Nova Friburgo ; 22°16 ′ 55 ″ S, 42°31 ′ 5 ″ W; Dec. 1995; P. Grossi and E. Grossi leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Nova Friburgo ; Nov. 2001; E. Grossi leg.; AMBC 1 ♀; Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima ; 22°24 ′ 8.45 ″ S, 42°30 ′ 48.39 ″ W; Jan. 1999; P. Grossi leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Mar. 2000; Vazde-Mello leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 2001; E. and P. Grossi leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 2000; Grossi leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; BMNH GoogleMaps 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado ; Dec. 1959; M. Alvarenga leg.; MZSP 1 ♀; São Paulo, São Luiz do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da [“ Pq. Est. ”] Serra do Mar , Núcleo Santa Virgínia ; Nov. 2004; M. Uehara leg.; AMBC 1 ♀; Minas Gerais, Ingaí, Reserva do Boqueirão , UNILAVRAS, gallery forest; flight interception trap [“FIT”]; 21°31 ′ 08.05 ″ S, 44°55 ′ 39.81 ″ E; 13 Nov. 2002; Silva and Frieiro-Costa leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Viçosa , FIT; 20°45 ′ 17.52 ″ S, 42°52 ′ 42.88 ″ W; Nov. 1999; Andrade and Vaz-de- Mello leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; BMNH GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 1999; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Nov. 1998; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Universidade Federal de Viçosa ; FIT; 20°45 ′ 51.99 ″ S, 42°52 ′ 5.68 ″ W; Mar. 1998; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; Viçosa, Mata da Biologia ; 20°45 ′ S, 42°51 ′ W; Nov. 2000; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; Mata do Paraíso ; Dec. 2000; Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; same locality as preceding; Dec. 1998; Falqueto and Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; same locality as preceding; Dec. 1999, Vaz-de-Mello CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding, FIT; 13 Feb. 2015; S. Aloquio, A. Orsetti, C. Lopes-Andrade and M. Bento leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; Berizal, fazenda [‘Faz”] Veredão ; 15°39 ′ 18 ″ S, 41°39 ′ 16 ″ W, 13–18 Dec. 2012; P. Grossi leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Distrito Federal, Brasília , FAL-UNB [“Faz Água Limpa”], gallery forest; FIT; 15°56 ′ 25.1 ″ S, 47°56 ′ 22.2 ″ W; 4 Dec. 2013; T. Bernardes leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; PNB, gallery forest, FIT; 14°44 ′ 49,5 ″ S, 48°00 ′ 32,3 ″ W; 11 Nov. 2015; N.H.D.Silva leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 21 Dec. 2015; N.H.D. Silva leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 27 Nov. 2015; N.H.D. Silva leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 12 Jan. 2016; N.H.D.Silva leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Paraná, Campina Grande do Sul, Estrada da mandaçaia; FIT; 25°17 ′ 54 ″ S, 49°02 ′ 30 ″ W; 7–10 Apr. 2014; F.W.T. Leivas leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis

Canthidium gigas resembles C. bokermanni in the presence of a transverse carina on the head and distinct punctation on the pronotal disc. They differ only in the dorsal curvature of the parameres. In C. gigas , in dorsal view, the parameres have a strong angulation on their apical half and bear a concave medial excavation from the middle to the apex; in lateral view, the parameres have a dorsal angulation of 120°. In C. bokermanni , in dorsal view, the apical angulation is almost absent and there is a shallow medial excavation at the apex; in lateral view, the parameres have a dorsal internal angulation of 160°.

Type locality

Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Originally said to be Cayenne, French Guiana, but this is an error. See geographic distribution below.

Redescription

HEAD. Surface with dense and distinct punctation, particularly on clypeus. With a transverse raised projection in the front.

PRONOTUM. Without anteromedial depression, disc anteriorly convex, sometimes with an anterior sinuosity forming two broad and shallow depressions (both surrounding the medial line). Surface with dense and distinct punctation, attenuating towards the centre of disc, where punctation is fine and sparse.

HYPOMERON. With microstriae and setae in the basal part. Hypomeral carina complete curved throughout its length.

METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.

MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.

HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex presenting a sinuosity; external margin serrated.

AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres with a strong angulation in apical half and with a concave excavation from the middle to the apex; in lateral view, with internal medial angulation of 120° dorsally.

Variations and sexual dimorphism

Length ranging from 9.40 to 12.65 mm. Transverse projection of head sometimes not well defined. The males have a tooth in the upper ventral part, more developed in some specimens than in others. Males with ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI of the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.

Geographical distribution

The specimens examined were mostly collected in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Paraná in the Atlantic rainforest biome, located in the Paraná dominion. The record from Distrito Federal is surprising for the species. Judging from the rest of the known distribution, its presence there may be due to gallery forest connecting it to the Atlantic Forest on the coast. Although the holotype is labelled as coming from French Guiana, we believe this represents a mislabelling, since no other specimens have been reported from that region. Furthermore, the German entomologist Carl Felsche (who acquired the specimen) was known for buying insects, and this kind of mislabelling has been seen before with his specimens (FZVM, personal observation).

Canthidium (Neocanthidium) bokermanni ( Martínez et al., 1964) View in CoL

Figs 3 View Fig , 10 View Fig

Neocanthidium bokermanni Martínez et al., 1964: 168 ‒ 172 View in CoL (original description).

Neocanthidium bokermanni – Solís & Kohlmann 2004: 5 View in CoL (checklist). — Kohlmann & Solís 2006: 236 (checklist). — Cupello 2018: 453, 465, 467 (checklist).

Canthidium (Canthidium) bokermanni – Martínez & Halffter 1986: 21 View in CoL (checklist).

Canthidium bokermanni – Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 416 View in CoL (mention).

Canthidium (Neocanthidium) bokermanni – Cupello 2018: 467 View in CoL View Cited Treatment (new subgeneric assignment).

Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) paraguayanus Gandini & Aguilar, 2009 View in CoL (parts): 139, figs 1–8 (2 paratypes).

Type material examined

Holotype

ARGENTINA • ♂; handwritten label; “ ARGENTINA, TUCUMAN, Dto BURRUYAÇÚ/ Km. 5 Burruyaçu/ a San Ramón/ Coll. Martínez // 28-III- 946”; “ HOLOTYPUS ”; “ Neocanthidium / bokermanni / M., H. y P sp. n. ♂ / A. MARTÍNEZ DET.1963”; “MACN-En 903”; MACN.

Paratypes BOLIVIA • 1 ♀; Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de la Sierra; 17°52 ′ 00.00 ″ S, 63°00 ′ 00.00 ″ E; 10 Nov. 1955; R. Zischa leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps .

Dichotomius paraguayanus View in CoL

Paratypes PARAGUAY • 1 ♂; Concepción, Zanja Morotí ; 17 Nov. 2001; Martínez leg.; CEMT 1 ♂; Boquerón, Loma Plata ; 24 Sep. 1995; Drechsel leg.; CEMT .

Other specimens examined

ARGENTINA • 1 ♀; Chaco, Potrero ; 26º08 ′ 35.8 ″ S, 61º41 ′ 49.5 ″ W; 31 Oct. 2016; Guerra Alonso leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps .

BOLIVIA • 1 ♂; Santa Cruz, Germán Busch, Puerto Suárez, Cerro de Mutum ; 18°58 ′ 00 ″ S, 57°47 ′ 53.00 ″ E; Dec. 2012; P. Wagner leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Tarija, between Caiza and Crevaux; blue light; 21°48 ′ 53 ″ S, 63°26 ′ 53 ″ W; 536 m a.s.l.; 5 Jan. 2005; Mann, Hamel and Herzog leg.; OUMNH GoogleMaps .

BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso, Cuiabá ; 8 Mar. 2016; L.P. Melo leg.; CEMT 1 ♀; Chapada dos Parecis , 30 km N Uirapuru; FIT; 14°17 ′ S, 59°15 ′ W; 1–15 Dec. 2001; A. Foucart leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Diamantino, Vale da Solidão, riparian Forest ; 14°21 ′ 50 ″ S, 56°7 ′ 23 ″ W; 18 Feb. 2009; D.T.C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 26 Jan. 2009; D.T.C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 14°21 ′ 52 ″ S, 56°7 ′ 23 ″ W; 23 Dec. 2008 – 26 Jan. 2009; D.T.C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 14°22 ′ 23 ″ S, 56°7 ′ 25 ″ W; 31 Jan.–14 Feb. 2009; D.T.C. Oliveira leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Porto Estrela, Estação Ecológica [“Est. Eco”] Serra das Araras; light trap; 15°39 ′ 14 ″ S, 57°13 ′ 1 ″ W; Nov. 2003; L. Kaminski leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding, Boca do José ; FIT; 15°39 ′ 14 ″ S, 57°13 ′ 1 ″ W; Nov. 2003; R. Nunes leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♂; Tangará da Serra ; 27 Mar. 2016; G.A.A. Arenhart leg.; BMNH 2 ♀♀; Tangará da Serra, Chácara Asa Branca ; manual collection; 14°32 ′ 42 ″ S, 58°40 ′ 28 ″ W; Nov. 2011; E. Meurer leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Tangará da Serra, Campus UNEMAT; light trap; 14º38 ′ 58 ″ S, 57º25 ′ 24 ″ W; 439 m a.s.l.; R.J. Silva leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Chácara Paraíso , semideciduous forest; FIT; 14°39 ′ 4 ″ S, 57°24 ′ 55 ″ W; 460 m a.s.l.; 26 Jan. 2011; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; BMNH GoogleMaps 2 ♂♂; Campos de Júlio , Chapada dos Parecis, 30 km N of Uirapuru; FIT; 14°17 ′ S, 59°15 ′ W; Dec. 2002; A. Foucart leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Cuiabá ; 8 Mar. 2016; P.L. Mello leg.; CEMT 1 ♀; Cláudia, Fazenda [“Faz.”] Iracema ; 11º37 ′ 44 ″ S, 55º05 ′ 54 ″ W; 20 Feb. 2011; M.F. Souza leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps 2 ♀♀; Mato Grosso do Sul, Corguinho, Quinta do Sol ; FIT; 19°49 ′ 57 ″ S, 54°49 ′ 45 ″ W; Feb. 2011; L.O. Bavutti leg.; CEMT GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis

Canthidium bokermanni resembles C. gigas in the presence of a transverse carina on the head and distinct punctation of the pronotal disc; it differs only in the dorsal angles of the parameres. See comments under C. gigas for more details.

Redescription

HEAD. Surface with dense and distinctly punctation, especially on clypeus. With a transverse raised projection in the front.

PRONOTUM. Without anteromedial depression, disc anteriorly convex, sometimes with an anterior sinuosity forming two broad and shallow depressions (both surrounding the medial line).

HYPOMERON. With microstriae and setae in the basal part. Hypomeral carina complete, curved throughout its length.

METAVENTRITE. With simple and shallow punctation, laterobasal region with stronger punctation, lateral region with microsculpture obscurely variolate, almost semicircular.

MESEPIMERON AND MESEPISTERNUM. With shallow punctation, stronger microsculpture obscurely variolate, semicircular.

HIND LEG. Metafemora with a carina along posterior edge, anterior edge with setal fringe, surface with fine punctation. Metatibiae elongated and gradually dilated towards the apex; external margin serrated.

AEDEAGUS. In dorsal view, parameres lacking angulation apically and with a shallow excavation at apex; in lateral view, dorsally with internal median angulation of 160°.

Variation and sexual dimorphism

Total length ranges from 9 to 13 mm. The transverse carina of the head varies from rectangular to oval, regardless of the size and sex of the specimen. The males have a tooth in the upper ventral part, more developed in some specimens than in others. Males have ventrite VI wider medially, female ventrite VI is of the same length throughout. Males also have protibial spur flattened, while in females the protibial spur is narrowed and pointed.

Geographical distribution

The specimens examined were collected in Argentina (Chaco), Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), and Paraguay (Concepción and Boquerón). The species occurs in two different biogeographic dominions: the Chacoan dominion and the South Brazilian dominion.

Comments

Two paratypes of Dichotomius paraguayanus , which were incorrectly interpreted as females by Gandini & Aguilar (2009), proved to be males and to belong to C. bokermanni .

NMPC

National Museum Prague

MZSP

Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo

MACN

Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Coleoptera

Family

Scarabaeidae

SubFamily

Scarabaeinae

Genus

Canthidium

SubGenus

Neocanthidium

Loc

Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas Balthasar, 1939

Carvalho De Santana, Edrielly C., Pacheco, Thaynara L. & Vaz-De, Fernando Z. 2019
2019
Loc

Canthidium (Neocanthidium) gigas – Cupello 2018: 469

Cupello M. 2018: 469
2018
Loc

Canthidium (Neocanthidium) bokermanni – Cupello 2018: 467

Cupello M. 2018: 467
2018
Loc

Canthidium bokermanni –

Nunes R. V. & Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2013: 416
2013
Loc

Neocanthidium bokermanni – Solís & Kohlmann 2004: 5

Cupello M. 2018: 453
Kohlmann B. & Solis A. 2006: 236
Solis A. & Kohlmann B. 2004: 5
2004
Loc

Canthidium (Canthidium) gigas – Martínez & Halffter 1986: 27

Martinez A. & Halffter G. 1986: 27
1986
Loc

Canthidium (Canthidium) bokermanni – Martínez & Halffter 1986: 21

Martinez A. & Halffter G. 1986: 21
1986
Loc

Neocanthidium gigas – Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 592

Vulcano M. A. & Pereira F. S. 1964: 592
1964
Loc

Canthidium gigas – Martínez 1947: 111

Martinez A. 1947: 111
1947
Loc

Canthidium gigas

Balthasar V. 1939: 127
1939
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