Tenedos trilobatus, Jocque & Baert, 2002
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5328.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:163EDB50-9804-4B1C-BCD8-28E580E633C8 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/75340562-FFFB-FFDB-FF16-FD952C87A8E1 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Tenedos trilobatus |
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trilobatus View in CoL species group
Diagnosis. Males of the trilobatus group are recognized by the palp with flattened modified setae on retrolateral side of cymbium (Cy) ( Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 , 24F View FIGURE 24 ; 32D View FIGURE 32 ); conductor (C) dorsoventrally flattened, very thin and laminar towards the prolateral region, wide at anterior region, usually with a distal sclerotized process ( Figs 27–29 View FIGURE 27 View FIGURE 28 View FIGURE 29 , 34C View FIGURE 34 ); tegulum elongated towards base with a flattened sclerotized apophysis in the basal region between subtegulum and conductor ( Figs 24 View FIGURE 24 , 32C View FIGURE 32 , 36A View FIGURE 36 ); embolus (E) medially inserted on tegulum with strongly projected base ( Figs 12C View FIGURE 12 ; 14A View FIGURE 14 ); retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) bifid with anterior branch laminar and hook-shaped posterior branch, dorsally displaced ( Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 , 17 View FIGURE 17 , 24D View FIGURE 24 ). Females are characterized by having very coiled copulatory ducts (CD), encapsulated, usually transverse or obliquely oriented, with a large pore of Bennett’s glands in the side of cuticle, posterior defined spermathecae (S), usually with rounded posterior border, anteriorly connected with the copulatory ducts ( Figs 15C–F View FIGURE 15 ; 25A–D View FIGURE 25 ).
Morphology. Chelicerae ( Fig. 2A–F View FIGURE 2 ): robust, approximately longer than 1/3 of the prosoma, longer and robust in males than females (see Fig. 2A–D View FIGURE 2 for comparison), with one small retromarginal tooth just under fang base and two promarginal teeth ( Fig. 2B, D View FIGURE 2 , arrows), which the anterior ones well developed, sharp, strongly sclerotized followed by small and poorly sclerotized denticle, absent in some females (e.g., Tenedos trilobatus Jocqué & Baert, 2002 ; T. figaro Jocqué & Baert, 2002 ); cheliceral boss prominent, long, thin; cheliceral setae: promarginal rake setae (PRs) composed by 6-7 wide setae ( Fig. 2B, D, E–F View FIGURE 2 ), the more ectal, the promarginal escort seta (PEs), being longer and modified ( Fig. 2B, E View FIGURE 2 ); Retromarginal escort setae (REs) (being 1 or 2 in some species (e.g., Tenedos huila sp. n.) Promarginal rake setae (Rk) composed of 8-9 erected setae); whisker setae (PWs) constituted of 13-17 setae ( Fig. 2B, D, E–F View FIGURE 2 ). Retromarginal and promarginal edges of fangs provided with fang shaft serrula ( Fig. 2A–F View FIGURE 2 ). Endites: sub-triangular-shaped, strongly convergent with slightly concave prolateral margin. Labium hexagonal with straight basal border, rounded at distal margin ( Figs 9 View FIGURE 9 , 11 View FIGURE 11 , 16B, D View FIGURE 16 ). Sternum: sub-triangular-shaped, almost as long as wide, covered by fine setae, with anterolateral edges projected as very short triangular extensions ( Figs 9 View FIGURE 9 , 11 View FIGURE 11 , 16B, D View FIGURE 16 ). Legs: formula: (IV, I, III, II); longer in males than females, covered by simple setae; tibiae with 3-4 trichobothria in a row ( Figs 3A, E View FIGURE 3 , 4A View FIGURE 4 ); patellae with poorly developed lyriform organs; ball-shaped projection on tibiae rounded, prominent in males and females ( Figs 3D View FIGURE 3 , 4D, F View FIGURE 4 ); metatarsi with abundant chisel setae from on distal region ( Fig. 7B–C, E–F, H View FIGURE 7 ), dorsally with vibration sense organ consisting with many narrow furrows and squared metatarsal stopper ( Figs 3F View FIGURE 3 , 4C View FIGURE 4 ); tarsi with row of 2-3 dorsal filiform trichobothria ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 B−C, G−H, 4B); tarsal trichobothria usually with 2 deep furrows ( Figs 3H View FIGURE 3 , 4E View FIGURE 4 ), with tarsal organ capsulate, usually placed in basal edge ( Fig. 3I View FIGURE 3 ); distal part of tarsi with several small lyriform organs ( Figs 7A, D, G View FIGURE 7 , 8A–D View FIGURE 8 ); pretarsi with two pectinate claws (STC) usually provided with 12-14 teeth ( Figs 7A, D, G View FIGURE 7 , 8A–D View FIGURE 8 ) (8-10 in T. chiribiquete sp. n. (see Figs 7A, D, G View FIGURE 7 , 8A–D View FIGURE 8 ) and a smooth unpaired claw (ITC) mounted on a well-developed claw elevator ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 A−B, arrows). Female palps usually short and conical, with long toothed apical claw with 19-20 teeth and many spiniform setae ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 E−F). Legs spination, general pattern: Males: I—femur d 1-1-1, v 0, p 0-0-1d, r 0, tibia d 0, v 2-1r-2, p 0-1-1, r 0, metatarsus d 0, v 2-1r-2, p 1d-0-1v; II—femur d 1-1-1, v 0, p 0, r 0, tibia d 0, v 1r-1r-2, p 0-1d-1d, r 0, metatarsus d 0, v 2-1r-2, p 0-1-1d, r 0; III—femur d 0-1-1, v 0, p 1d-0-0, r 0, patella d 1 di, v 0, p 1d-1d-0, r 1 m, tibia d 1-1-1, v 2-1p-2, p 1-0-1, r 1-0-1, metatarsus d 0-1p-0, v 2-0-2, p 0-1d-2, r 1d-1d-2; IV—femur d 1-1-1, v 0, p 0, r 0-0-1d, patella d 1 di, v 0, p 1d-1d-0, r 1 m, tibia d 1-1-1, v 2-1p-2, p 1-0-1, r 1-0-1, metatarsus d 0-1p-0, v 2-2-2, p 1d- 1-2, r 1d-1d-2. Females: I—femur d 1-1-1, v 0, p 0-0-1d, r 0, tibia d 0, v 1r-1r-1p, p 0, r0, metatarsus d 0, v 1r-0-2, p 0-0-1v; II—femur d 1-1-1, v 0, p 0-0-1d, tibia d 0, v 1r-1r-1r, p 0, r 0, metatarsus d 0, v 2-0-2, p 0-0-1v, r 0; III—femur d 0-1-1, v 0, p 0-0-1d, r 0, patella d 1 di, v 0, p 1d-1d-0, r 1 m, tibia d 1-1-1, v 2-1p-2, p 1-0-1, r 1-0-1, metatarsus d 0-1p-0, v 2-0-2, p 0-1d-2, r 1d-1d-2; IV—femur d 1-1-1, v 0, p 0, r 0, patella d 1 di, v 0, p 1d-1d-0, r 1 m, tibia d 1-1-1, v 2-1p-2, p 1-0-1, r 1-0-1, metatarsus d 0-1-0, v 2-2-2, p 1d-1d-2, r 1d-1d-2. Abdomen: ovalshaped, dark gray with paired anterior and medial spots; posterior spot usually unpaired, and covered with simple setae; abdominal spots usually variable in size between populations of species considered as widely distributed (e.g., Tenedos gabi sp. n.), males present a weakly sclerotized dorsal scutum, conspicuous in some species (e.g., Tenedos huila sp. n.; T. anchicaya sp. n. (see Figs 26 View FIGURE 26 , 33 View FIGURE 33 , 37A View FIGURE 37 ); epigastric region, lung covers, and medial side of venter beige, lung covers slightly sclerotized; ventrally with male epiandrum slightly sclerotized, visible as two small sclerotized points covered by some short spigots ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 E−F); tracheal spiracle short, curved; anal tubercle prominent, wider than anterior lateral spinnerets, surrounded with fine setae; colulus projected, conical ( Fig. 7I View FIGURE 7 ). Spinnerets: Six well developed in males and females ( Figs 5 View FIGURE 5 A−F, 6A−D): ALS approximately twice as long as PLS, with a long and wide basal segment and very short distal one ( Figs 5A, C View FIGURE 5 , 6A View FIGURE 6 ); ALS spinning field covered by numerous piriform gland spigots, ampullate field with 2 major ampullate spigots, placed approximately in the middle of the spinning field ( Figs 5B, D View FIGURE 5 , 6B View FIGURE 6 ); PMS very short and conical with large minor ampullate spigot, without aciniform spigots ( Figs 5A, C View FIGURE 5 , 6A View FIGURE 6 ); PLS cylindrical, thinner than ALS and longer than PMS, with many aciniform gland spigots on the spinning field ( Figs 5 View FIGURE 5 E−F, 6C).
Male palp: femur almost as long as cymbium, covered by many simple setae with 2-1 distal spines on prolateral edge; patella longer than tibia with a medial spines on prolateral edge with a developed lyriform organ with more than 5 furrow; tibia shorter than patella with 2 medial trichobothria on retrolateral side, and a setiform process under retrolateral side of ventral tibial apophysis (VTA) ( Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 , 24 View FIGURE 24 , 32 View FIGURE 32 , 36 View FIGURE 36 , 43C, D View FIGURE 43 ); retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) variable in size, bifid, with anterior branch (aRTA) small, laminar sub-triangular in the most species (e.g., Tenedos trilobatus Jocqué & Baert, 2002 ; T. gabi sp. n.; T. cumbre sp. n.; T. anchicaya sp. n., see Figs 10 View FIGURE 10 , 12 View FIGURE 12 , 14 View FIGURE 14 , 17 View FIGURE 17 , 30 View FIGURE 30 , 32D View FIGURE 32 ) and quadrangular in others (e.g., Tenedos huila sp. n.; T. valle sp. n., see Figs 34 View FIGURE 34 , 36 View FIGURE 36 , 38D View FIGURE 38 ; 35 View FIGURE 35 , 39B View FIGURE 39 ); posterior branch (pRTA) displaced towards dorsal region, curved, fitting in a furrow on dorsal edge of cymbium in some species (e. g., Tenedos gabi sp. n.; T. huila sp. n., T. anchicaya sp. n.; T. valle sp. n.) ( Fig. 44 View FIGURE 44 E−H); small in others species (e. g., Tenedos trilobatus Jocqué & Baert, 2002 ; T. figaro Jocqué & Baert, 2002 ) ( Fig. 44 View FIGURE 44 A−C); ventral tibial apophysis (VTA) robust, poorly sclerotized, displaced towards retrolateral side of tibia with setose area on retrolateral side ( Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 , 24 View FIGURE 24 , 32 View FIGURE 32 , 36C, D View FIGURE 36 ); cymbium (Cy) spoon-shaped with two apical spines, usually with a weak spiniform setae on prolateral side, 2-3 retrolateral trichobothria on medial side, strongly developed retrolateral process ( Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 A−D, 41, 42A); median apophysis (MA) laminar, slightly sclerotized, with membranous base, usually entire, with some reticulations or short furrows ( Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 , 24 View FIGURE 24 , 32 View FIGURE 32 , 36 View FIGURE 36 , 43B View FIGURE 43 ); tegulum (T) small, poorly developed, strongly elongated towards embolus base, with very short hyaline area at prolateral region, basal membrane (BTM) developed in some species (e.g., Tenedos valle sp. n.; T. huila sp. n.) ( Figs 34 View FIGURE 34 , 38C View FIGURE 38 ; 35 View FIGURE 35 , 36 View FIGURE 36 , 39A View FIGURE 39 ) with a very small and flattened tegular apophysis emerging from posterior side between basal side of tegulum and conductor ( Figs 24 View FIGURE 24 , 32 View FIGURE 32 , 36A View FIGURE 36 ); subtegulum (St) longer than wide, with external membranous area; spermatic ducts (SD) running through medial region of tegulum visible in retroventral view, thin usually slightly curved; conductor (C) usually large, flattened, emerging on central part, directed towards prolateral region on tegulum, prolateral region visible as a very thin, hyaline lamina, basally projected strongly; very large in some species (e.g., Tenedos anchicaya sp. n.; T. gabi sp. n.) ( Figs 27 View FIGURE 27 , 30C View FIGURE 30 ; 28 View FIGURE 28 , 31A View FIGURE 31 ; 32A–B View FIGURE 32 ), apically wide, ending in a sclerotized appendix (ApC), retrolateral region of the conductor usually with strongly sclerotized subapical process ( Figs 34 View FIGURE 34 , 38C View FIGURE 38 ; 36A View FIGURE 36 ); embolus (E) long inserted on central part of the tegulum with strongly projected base ( Figs 10E View FIGURE 10 ; 12 View FIGURE 12 , 17 View FIGURE 17 , 20C View FIGURE 20 ; 13 View FIGURE 13 , 14 View FIGURE 14 , 18A View FIGURE 18 ).
Epigyne: epigynal plate strongly sclerotized with developed median field (MF) and lateral sclerotized projections of the lateral lobes (LB) ( Figs 10F View FIGURE 10 ; 12E–F View FIGURE 12 ), the median field plate (MFP) is very small in some species (e.g., Tenedos chiribiquete sp. n.) ( Figs 41E–F View FIGURE 41 ; 42C View FIGURE 42 ); lateral sclerotized projections of lateral borders well delimited, usually curved towards the median region of the epigyne ( Figs 15F View FIGURE 15 ; 25B View FIGURE 25 ), delimiting a posteromedial atrium; copulatory opening small in posteromedial position ( Figs 22 View FIGURE 22 , 27 View FIGURE 27 , 30E View FIGURE 30 ; 23 View FIGURE 23 , 28 View FIGURE 28 , 31C View FIGURE 31 ; 25A View FIGURE 25 ). Internally with very long and coiled copulatory ducts (CD), usually, tubular and close to copulatory opening, which are posteromedial, anteriorly inserted on spermathecae and with a large Bennett’s glands pore on anterior side ( Figs 15C–F View FIGURE 15 , 22 View FIGURE 22 , 27F View FIGURE 27 ; 23 View FIGURE 23 , 28D View FIGURE 28 ; 25C–D View FIGURE 25 ); spermathecae (S) rounded, posteriorly distinguishable (in some cases it is problematic to delimit the spermathecae from posterior copulatory ducts, see Figs 12 View FIGURE 12 , 41F View FIGURE 41 ); fertilization ducts (FD) longer than spermathecae ( Figs 34 View FIGURE 34 , 38 View FIGURE 38 , 41F View FIGURE 41 ).
Composition: nine species: Tenedos figaro Jocqué & Baert, 2002 , T. trilobatus Jocqué & Baert, 2002 , T. anchicaya sp. n., T. chiribiquete sp. n., T. cumbre sp. n., T. gabi sp. n., T. huila sp. n., T. quimbaya sp. n., T. valle sp. n.
Key to Tenedos species of the trilobatus View in CoL group.
1. Males..............................................................................................2.
- Females............................................................................................10.
2. EB strongly projected with large process; with serrate sclerotized process at sub-apical side of C ( Figs 41A–D View FIGURE 41 ; 42A–B View FIGURE 42 ; 43AF View FIGURE 43 ).................................................................................. T. chiribiquete sp. n.
- EB poorly projected without process; C without serrate process at sub-apical side of C..............................3.
3. With 12-14 dorsal abdominal spots; with BTM; with large smooth sclerotized process at apical side of C................4.
- With 6-8 dorsal abdominal spots; without BTM; with poorly developed smooth sclerotized process at distal side of C......5.
4. With 12 dorsal abdominal spots; pRTA very wide; aRTA bifid; MA without anterior projection ( Figs 34 View FIGURE 34 , 35A–D View FIGURE 35 ; 36A–B View FIGURE 36 )............................................................................................ T. huila sp. n.
- With 14 dorsal abdominal spots; pRTA thin; aRTA not bifid; MA with anterior projection ( Figs 38A–D View FIGURE 38 ; 39A–B View FIGURE 39 ).................................................................................................... T. valle sp. n.
5. C extremely large, rounded at apical side; MA quadrangular in the base, ending in a short appendix; BE emerging parallel to Cy.................................................................................................6.
- C. moderately large, not rounded at apical side; MA with other shaped; BE emerging obliquely to Cy...................7.
6. C curved at prolateral side; pRTA shorter than palpal tibia; aRTA shorter than VTA ( Figs 27A–D View FIGURE 27 ; 28A–B View FIGURE 28 )..................................................................................................... T. anchicaya sp. n.
- C not curved at prolateral side; pRTA longer than palpal tibia; aRTA almost as long as VTA ( Figs 30 View FIGURE 30 , 32A–D View FIGURE 32 ; 31A–B View FIGURE 31 )................................................................................................ T. gabi sp. n.
7. Cy almost as long as tibia+patella; MA rectangular...........................................................8.
- Cy longer than tibia+patella; MA with other shaped..........................................................9.
8. With 8 dorsal abdominal spots; aRTA apically sharp; pRTA longer than palpal tibia; MA long with anterior tip ( Figs 17A–D View FIGURE 17 ; 18A–B View FIGURE 18 )................................................................................. T. cumbre sp. n.
- With 6 dorsal abdominal spots; aRTA apically rounded; pRTA shorter than palpal tibia; MA short without anterior tip ( Figs 10A–E View FIGURE 10 ; 12A–D View FIGURE 12 ; 13A–B View FIGURE 13 ; 14A–B View FIGURE 14 ; 15A–D View FIGURE 15 )...................................... T. trilobatus Jocqué & Baert, 2002 View in CoL .
9. Dorsal abdominal spots rounded; pRTA almost as long as palpal tibia; MA rounded at apical side with a posterior appendix without furrow; C with short prolateral laminar extension ( Figs 22A–D View FIGURE 22 ; 23A–B View FIGURE 23 ; 25A–F View FIGURE 25 ).............. T. quimbaya sp. n.
- Dorsal abdominal spots elongated; pRTA longer than palpal tibia; MA short without posterior appendix with a furrow; C with long prolateral laminar extension ( Fig. 20A–F View FIGURE 20 )...................................... T. figaro Jocqué & Baert, 2002 View in CoL .
10. SD uncoiled not differentiated from S ( Figs 41E–F View FIGURE 41 ; 42C–D View FIGURE 42 )................................... T. chiribiquete sp. n.
- SD coiled clearly different from S.......................................................................11.
11. A rounded; CD describing 6-10 coils.....................................................................12.
- A with other shaped o poorly delimited; CD describing less than 6 coils on S.....................................13.
12. SD describing 6 coils; S large ( Figs 27E–F View FIGURE 27 ; 28C–D View FIGURE 28 )............................................ T. anchicaya sp. n.
- SD describing 10 coils; S small ( Figs 30E–F View FIGURE 30 ; 31C–D View FIGURE 31 )............................................... T. gabi sp. n.
13. A trapezoidal; LB very wide............................................................................14.
- A with other shaped or poorly delimited; LB thin...........................................................15.
14. SD describing 4 coils; with developed glands on dorsal side of S ( Figs 34 View FIGURE 34 , 35A–D View FIGURE 35 ; 36A–B View FIGURE 36 )................ T. huila sp. n.
- SD describing 5 coils; without glands on dorsal side ( Figs 38E–F View FIGURE 38 ; 39C–D View FIGURE 39 ).............................. T. valle sp. n.
15. SD describing 1 or 2 coils.............................................................................16.
- SD describing more several coils........................................................................17.
16. SD describing 1 coil on S; A poorly delimited ( Figs 10F View FIGURE 10 ; 12E–F View FIGURE 12 ; 13C–D View FIGURE 13 ).............. T. trilobatus Jocqué & Baert, 2002 View in CoL .
- SD describing 2 coils; A well delimited ( Figs 17E–F View FIGURE 17 ; 18C–D View FIGURE 18 )...................................... T. cumbre sp. n.
17. A delimited and quadrangular-shaped; SD transverse ( Figs 22E–F View FIGURE 22 ; 23C–D View FIGURE 23 )......................... T. quimbaya sp. n.
- A not delimited; SD in oblique ( Fig. 20I View FIGURE 20 )........................................... T. figaro Jocqué & Baert, 2002 View in CoL .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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