Thoreyella Spinola, 1850

Bernardes, Jorge Luiz Cabeleira, Schwertner, Cristiano Feldens & Grazia, Jocélia, 2011, Review of Thoreyella Spinola with the description of two new species from Brazil (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 55 (3), pp. 299-312 : 300-302

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1590/S0085-56262011005000037
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4324329
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/865187AE-B40B-FFE1-FC30-FC6DDF9BF863
treatment provided by	Tatiana
scientific name	Thoreyella Spinola
status

Treatment

Thoreyella Spinola

( Figs. 2–71 View Figs View Figs View Figs View Figs View Figs View Figs View Figs View Figs View Figs )

Thoreyella Spinola, 1850: 79–80 (descr.), 1852:119–120 (descr.); Stål 1872: 45 (n. syn.); Kirkaldy 1909: 137 (cat.); Jensen-Haarup 1931: 319–320 (descr., key spp.); Pirán 1957: 67–68 (key spp.); Rolston 1978: 20, (key gen.); Rolston et al. 1980: (key); Rolston 1984: 826–834 (rev.); Rider 1994: 193–221 (rev., key gen.); Grazia et al. 1999: 109 (list); Grazia & Schwertner 2008: 234 (list); Bernardes et al. 2009: 1–23 View Cited Treatment (phylogeny, classification, distr.); Grazia & Schwertner 2011: 12 (list).

Uditta Stål, 1860: 23 (descr.), 1867: 531 (key).

Diagnosis. Members of Thoreyella can be recognized by the following characters ( Rider 1994; Bernardes et al. 2009): juga usually contiguous anteriorly, lateral jugal margins sinuous ( Figs. 12–13 View Figs ); antennal segments II and III subequal in length; rostrum reaching between mesocoxae; humeralangles rounded to spinose, but never emarginated ( Figs. 2–8 View Figs View Figs ); anterolateral margins of pronotum in an obtuse angle ( Figs. 2–7 View Figs ); scutellum somewhat spatulate ( Figs. 2–8 View Figs View Figs ), reaching or slightly surpassing the connexival segment VI, lateral margins straight, and each basal angle lacking fovea ( Fig. 9 View Figs ); apex of scutellum rounded; thoracicsterna flat; apex offemur with anacute spine ( Fig. 10 View Figs ); apex of abdominal spine curved ( Fig. 11 View Figs ); sutural margins of processes of the ventral rim of pygophore anteriorly convex and posteriorly parallel ( Fig. 14 View Figs ); posterolateral angles of the pygophore concave ( Fig. 14 View Figs ); anterior portion of the vesicular area of the ductus receptaculi strongly sclerotized and usually delimited by a constriction ( Figs. 69–71 View Figs ).

Redescription. Color varying from olivegreen tomedium brown; preservedspecimens becomeyellowish-brown ( Figs. 2–7 View Figs ). Juga outlined or not in black ( Fig. 13 View Figs ). Antenniferous tubercles with a dorsal black dot. Scutellum uniform in color, basal angles and apex of clavus each with a small black spot. Membrane of hemelytra transparent. Propleura with a black macula just behind each anterolateral angles, united to an- other blackmacula at itsmargins by a curved, thin black line, sometimes faded or absent. Black macula at posterolateral angles of mesoepimerum sometimes present. Legs usually concolorous with body, sometimes darker, with black dots. Connexivum and ventral abdomen concolorous with dorsal surface. Posterolateral angles of urosternites, spiracles, and trichobothria tubercles, black or concolorous with dorsal surface. Ovate or elongate in shape ( Figs. 2–7 View Figs ). Head wider than long ( Figs. 12–13 View Figs ). Width of head less than the width of pronotum anteriorly. Juga juxtaposed before tylus, lateral margins sinuous or straight. First antennal segment not surpassing head apex. Antennal segments: I<II≥III<IV<V. Elliptical cicatrices between ocelli and eyes, with irregular texture and without punctures ( Figs. 12–13 View Figs ). Ocelli sometimes on tubercles. Buccula sinuous, apical tooth developed, posterior border lobate, usually projecting toward the prosternum. First rostral segment not extending beyond apex of bucculae. Rostrum attaining metacoxae. Anterior half of pronotum sloping ( Figs. 8, 11 View Figs ). Anterolateral angles of pronotum spined. Anterolateral margins of pronotum concave or rectilinear, smooth or dentate; tangential lines to dorsal and ventral surfaces forming an obtuse angle. Humeral angles ( Fig. 8 View Figs ) in conical spines, not emarginated. Pronotum width at posterior margin three times the head width. Scutellum longer than wide ( Fig. 9 View Figs ), lateral margins straight, apex rounded, attaining or surpassing VI connexival segment, often surpassing apex of corium. Frenum reaching or surpassing basal third of scutellum ( Fig. 9 View Figs ). Ostiolar ruga slightly curved anteriorly, apex acuminate, attaining more than half of metapleurum. Evaporative area of mesopleurum occupying the mesoepimerum, not attaining the anterior margin of mesopleurum. Evaporative area of metapleurum often not attaining the metaepimerum pseudo-suture. Apex of femur with an acute spine usually more developedin posterior legs; tibia dorsally flattened or sulcate. Hairs denser in tibia than femur, specially near tarsus. Abdomen strongly convex ventrally. Abdominal spine subcylindrical, apex curved, always surpassing metacoxae ( Fig. 11 View Figs ). Spiracles placed on calli or not. Trichobothria placed mesially the spiracles line. Posterior margin of VII urosternite strongly concave on females, middle third obscuring most of the gonocoxites 8, lateral thirds sinuous or straight ( Fig. 62 View Figs ).

Male genitalia. Pygophore ( Figs. 14–33 View Figs View Figs View Figs ) subquadrangular; ventral rim projected posteriorly in a complex process. Dorsal rim ( Fig. 14 View Figs ) widely excavate, semicircular, lateral thirds reaching posterolateral angles, causing a reduction on dorsal wall of pygophore. Ventral wall ( Fig. 19 View Figs ) wide, with more than twice the length of the dorsal wall. Ventral rim processes ( Fig. 14 View Figs ) in 1+1 triangular flaps bending obliquely dorsad into the genital cup, forming a semi tube which sutural margins are parallel at least on posterior third. Genital cup open posterodorsally. Posterolateral angles of pygophore concave ( Fig. 14 View Figs ). Superior process of genital cup triangular, partially obscuredby the dorsal rim fold. Parameres ( Figs. 34–49 View Figs ) glabrous, geniculate, basal portion laterally flat and apical portion (head of parameres) bi- or trilobate placed perpendicularly to the pygophore axis. Segment X ( Fig. 14 View Figs ) cylindric or ogive-like, also perpendicular to the pygophore axis. Articulatory apparatus with a wide basal plate, processus capitati almost reaching apex of phallotheca. Phallotheca ( Figs. 50–61 View Figs ) dorsally convex and ventrally concave; processus phallothecae ( Fig. 50 View Figs ) pyramidal. Conjunctiva ( Fig. 50 View Figs ) with 1+1 triangular membranous lobes. Vesica ( Fig. 50 View Figs ) curved, longer than conjunctiva or not.

Female genitalia ( Figs. 62–71 View Figs View Figs ). Laterotergites 8 ( Fig. 62 View Figs ) cuneiform, basally concave or flat; ventral band connecting the laterotergites 8 not obscured by laterotergites 9. Gonocoxites 8 ( Fig. 62 View Figs ) reduced, triangular or obovate, with convex surface, and a cusp variable in length; sutural margins not juxtaposed, apices divergent exposing the gonapophyses 8. Segment X ( Fig. 62 View Figs ) trapezoidal, apical margin straight. Capsula seminalis ( Fig. 68 View Figs ) globose, apical process present. Pars intermedialis ( Fig. 68 View Figs ) shorter than capsula seminalis; annular flanges subequal in diameter. Anterior portion of the vesicular area of the ductus receptaculi strongly sclerotized, curved, measuring one third of the total length of the vesicular area, usually delimited by a constriction.

Comments. Thoreyella shares the uniquecharacteristics of the Procleticini ( Rider 1994; Bernardes et al. 2009). The genus was related to Dendrocoris and Odmalea ( Rolston 1978; 1984; Rider 1994), although evidence supporting the hypoth- esis was poorly discussed. Based on a cladistic analysis of 38 characters, Bernardes et al. (2009) established the relationshipof Thoreyella with Dendrocoris , Lobepomis , Neoderoploa , Procleticus and Terania Pirán , all of which share a spatulate juga, a unique derived characteristic among the Procleticini. The monophylyof the genus was also supported ( Bernardes et al. 2009) based on nine synapomorpies. Just one of the diagnostic characters of Thoreyella pointed out by Rolston (1978, 1984) was confirmed as a synapomorphy (apex of abdominal spine curved). The ostiolar rugae acuminate, also listed as diagnostic for Thoreyella ( Rolston 1978) , is shared with Lobepomis , Neoderoploa , Procleticus and Terania ( Bernardes et al. 2009). These monotypic genera are grouped in a clade, whichis the sister groupof Thoreyella ( Bernardes et al. 2009). The other two characteristics mentioned as diagnostic to Thoreyella ( Rolston 1978; 1984; Rider 1994) are homoplastic among the species of the genus or showed ambiguous reconstruction in the analysis ( Bernardes et al. 2009).

Distribution. Thoreyella is restricted to the Chaco and Paraná subregions of the Neotropical region. Comments on the distribution of the species and the biogeography of Thoreyella can be found in Bernardes et al. (2009).

Key to the species of Thoreyella .

1. Frenum reaching basal third of the scutellum ( Figs. 6, 7 View Figs , 9) .................................................................................... 2

1’. Frenum reaching middle of the scutellum ( Figs. 2–5 View Figs ). 3

2. Anterolateral marginsof pronotum with threeor more acute teeth ( Fig. 6 View Figs ); juga strongly sinuous before the eyes; spiracles in a conspicuous white callus ........................... .............................. Thoreyella brasiliensis Spinola, 1850

2’. Anterolateral margins of pronotum smooth ( Fig. 7 View Figs ); juga scarcely sinuous before the eyes; spiracles without callus ....................................... Thoreyella trinotata Berg, 1878

3. Punctures of head concolorous with surface of head; lateral marginsof juga outlined in black ( Fig. 13 View Figs ); spiracular peritremes concolorouswith surface of abdomen ( Fig. 11 View Figs ); trichobothria tubercles black Thoreyella maracaja sp. nov.

3’. Punctures of head black distinctly darker than head surface; lateral margins of juga not black; spiracular peritremes black; trichobothria tubercles concolorous with surface of abdomen........................................................ 4

4. Pronotal disc smooth without transverse callus ( Fig. 4 View Figs ); pronotum uniform in color ( Fig. 4 View Figs ) ................................. .......................... Thoreyella taurus Jensen-Haruup, 1931

4’. Pronotal disc divided by a transverse callus; posterior portion of pronotum darker than anterior portion ......... 5

5. Humeral angles with acute spines directed laterad ( Fig. 2 View Figs ); spines at apex of femur shorter than half femur width .............................................. Thoreyella paraiba sp. nov.

5’. Humeral angles with acute, robust, and well developed spines ( Figs. 3 View Figs , 8) directed anterodorsad ( Fig. 8 View Figs ); spines at apex of femur longer than half femur width ............... ......................................... Thoreyella cornuta Berg, 1883