Syllis alternata Moore, 1908

Çinar, Melih Ertan & Gambi, Maria Cristina, 2005, Cognetti’s syllid collection (Polychaeta: Syllidae) deposited at the Museum of the Stazione Zoologica ‘‘ Anton Dohrn’ ’ (Naples, Italy), with descriptions of two new species of Autolytus, Journal of Natural History 39 (10), pp. 725-762 : 754-760

Syllis alternata Moore, 1908 comb. nov.

Syllis variegata profunda Cognetti 1955, p 3 –5, Figure 1-3-3b ; Cognetti 1957, p 20 –21, Figure 4b .

Syllis alternata: San Martín and Viéitez 1984, p 153 –155, Figures 1 , 2 .

Typosyllis alternata: Licher 1999, p 253 –255, Figure 106.

Material examined

SZN-POL31, one specimen, Station 10, Grotta coralligenous substrata, 100 m, coll. Cognetti.

Azzurra, 4 September 1955, on

Notes

Specimen anteriorly regenerating, 11.3 mm long, 0.29 mm wide, for 90 chaetigers. Median antenna with 22 joints, lateral ones with 15 joints. Tentacular cirri with 19–10 joints. Dorsal cirri with 25–49 joints on anterior parapodia, 20–40 joints and 28–30 joints on middle and posterior ones, respectively. Parapodia with ca 10 falcigers; strongly bidentate, blades 17.5–42.5 Mm long throughout. Anterior parapodia with three aciculae, posterior ones with two aciculae; one acuminate, the other straight, pointed tip. Anal cirri with 43 joints. As the individual has a regenerated anterior part, proventricle and pharynx could not be examined.

Distribution

Mediterranean, North-East Pacific, North-West Atlantic, Japan Sea ( Licher 1999).

Syllis armillaris (O. F. Müller, 1776)

Syllis (Typosyllis) armillaris: Fauvel 1923, p 264 , Figures 99a–f.

Syllis armillaris: Cognetti 1957, p 24 –25; San Martín 1984, p 381, Figures 99, 100. Typosyllis armillaris: Licher 1999, p 189 –196, Figure 84.

Material examined

SZN-POL23, one specimen, Station 1, Lago Fusaro, 10 October 1955, on algae, 0–1 m, coll. Cognetti.

Notes

Specimen incomplete, 8.75 mm long, 0.53 mm wide, H+ 1051.50 mm, for 59 chaetigers. Dorsal cirri conical, 13–16 joints on anterior parapodia, 10–12 joints on middle ones. Falcigers numbering 16 on anterior parapodia and eight on middle ones, bidentate; blades 17.5–42.5 Mm long on anterior parapodia and 17.5–30 Mm long on middle parapodia. Proventricle 1.40 mm long, 0.29 mm wide, through 10 segments, with 41 muscle cell rows. Pharynx occupying 10 segments, with a tooth anterodorsally.

Distribution

Apparently cosmopolitan ( Licher 1999).

Syllis garciai ( Campoy, 1982)

Langerhansia garciai Campoy 1982, p 386 , Figure 36–38.

Syllis cornuta: Cognetti 1957 (in part), p 25–26 (non Rathke 1843).

Syllis garciai: San Martín 1984, p 364 , Figure 92.

Typosyllis garciai: Licher 1999, p 74 –75.

Material examined

SZN-POL24, one specimen, Station 3, Secca della Gajola, 14 July 1954, on coralligenous substrata, 40 m, coll. Cognetti.

Notes

Specimen complete, 5.38 mm long, 0.20 mm wide, H+ 1051 mm, for 63 chaetigers. Median antenna with 13 joints, lateral ones with seven joints. Dorsal cirri with six to seven joints, six to eight joints, and five to six joints on anterior, middle, and posterior parapodia, respectively. Anterior parapodia with three pseudospinigers and 10 falcigers; all bidentate, blades of pseudospinigers 75 Mm long, those of falcigers 12.5–22.5 Mm long. Posterior parapodia with one pseudospiniger and four falcigers; bidentate, distal spines on cutting edges of blades surpassing level of proximal tooth; blades of pseudospiniger 85 Mm long, those of falcigers 15–37.5 Mm long. Proventricle 0.40 mm long, 0.11 mm wide, through six segments, with 36 muscle cell rows. Pharynx through seven segments; pharyngeal tooth placed antero-dorsally.

Distribution

Mediterranean and Atlantic ( Licher 1999).

Syllis gerlachi ( Hartmann-Schröder, 1960)

Typosyllis gerlachi Hartmann-Schröder 1960, p 81 –82, Plate 6, Figures 43, 44; Licher 1999, p 127 –129, Figure 57.

Syllis (Typosyllis) truncata cryptica Ben-Eliahu 1977b, p 41 –43, Figures 16a–e.

Syllis truncata cryptica: San Martín 1984, p 352 –354, Figure 87.

Syllis hyalina: Cognetti 1957 (in part), p 21–23 (non Grube 1863).

Material examined

SZN-POL26, one specimen, Station 3, Banco d’Ischia, on coralligenous substrata, 20– 25 m, coll. Cognetti.

Notes

Specimen complete, 8.13 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, H+ 1050.83 mm, for 90 chaetigers. Median antenna with 13 joints, lateral ones with eight joints. Tentacular cirri with 8–11 joints. Dorsal cirri 10–18 joints on anterior parapodia, 10–14 joints and 5–7 joints on middle and posterior ones, respectively. Falcigers bidentate; blades 15–30 Mm long on anterior parapodia, 12.5–22.5 Mm long on posterior one. Dorsal simple chaeta from chaetiger 38, truncated. Ventral simple chaeta on last two chaetigers, thin, unidentate, sigmoid. Proventricle 0.28 mm long, 0.12 mm wide, occupying five segments, with 25 muscle cell rows. Pharynx through eight segments, with a tooth anterodorsally.

Distribution

Mediterranean, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, eastern Atlantic ( Licher 1999).

Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840

Syllis gracilis: Fauvel 1923, p 259 , Figure 96f–i; Cognetti 1957, p 15 –16; San Martín 1984, p 376–381, Figures 97, 98.

Material examined

SZN-POL25, one specimen, Station 6, via Caracciolo, 5 May 1954, on algae, 0–2 m, coll. Cognetti.

Notes

Specimen complete, 4 mm long, 0.20 mm wide, H+ 1050.90 mm, for 46 chaetigers, two transverse black lines on dorsum of each anterior chaetiger. Median antennae with seven joints, lateral ones with six joints. Peristomium with two pairs of tentacular cirri; 7–12 joints. Dorsal cirri with seven to nine joints on anterior parapodia, four to six joints and five to six joints on middle and posterior ones, respectively. Anterior falcigers numbering seven, bidentate; blades 20–30 Mm long. After chaetiger 19, only characteristic ‘‘ypsoidal’’ chaetae present on parapodia, numbering two on middle region, one in posterior region; shafts of superior one ca 10 Mm in diameter. Proventricle 0.48 mm long, 0.14 mm wide, occupying ca five segments, with 45 muscle cell rows. Pharynx through seven segments, with a sharp, triangular pharyngeal tooth anterodorsally. Anal cirri with six joints.

Distribution

Apparently cosmopolitan (San Martín 1984).

Syllis krohni Ehlers, 1864

Syllis krohni Ehlers 1864, p 233 –239, Plate 10, Figures 1–4 ; Cognetti 1957, p 16 –17; San Martín 1984, p 367–370, Figure 93.

Typosyllis krohni: Licher 1999, p 205 –207, Figure 87.

Material examined

SZN-POL27, one specimen, Station 2, Banco d’Ischia, coll. Cognetti.

Notes

Specimen complete, 4.75 mm long, 0.32 mm wide, H+ 1050.82 mm, for 64 chaetigers, with a dark brownish transverse line on dorsum of each anterior parapodium, dark reddish irregular speckles on dorsum of body, and a black spot on bases of anterior and middle parapodia. Median antenna thick, with 13 joints, lateral ones with 11 joints. Tentacular cirri with 9–12 joints. Antennae and cirri with expanded subdistal or distal joints. Dorsal cirri on anterior parapodia with 12–20 joints. Anterior parapodia with 12 falcigers, strongly bidentate; blades 20–30 Mm long. Posterior parapodia with 10 falcigers; superior ones finely bidentate, inferior ones unidentate, with sickle-shaped blades; shafts of inferior ones two times thicker than superior ones, with pointed, re-curved tip; blades of superior falciger 17.5 Mm long, those of inferior falcigers 20 Mm long. Dorsal simple chaeta from chaetiger 17, slightly recurved, indistinctly bifid. Ventral simple chaeta relatively thick, bidentate. Proventricle 0.45 mm long, 0.20 mm wide, through six segments, with 40 muscle cell rows. Pharynx through five segments, with a tooth anterodorsally.

Distribution

Mediterranean, North Sea, Eastern Atlantic, (?) Indian and Pacific Oceans ( Licher 1999).

Syllis prolifera Krohn, 1852

Syllis (Typosyllis) prolifera: Fauvel 1923, p 261 , Figures 97a–g.

Typosyllis prolifera: Campoy 1982, p 441 –446, Figures 58, 59; Licher 1999, p 135 –140, Figure 61.

Syllis prolifera: Cognetti 1957, p 17 –18; San Martín 1984, p 331–335, Figures 78, 79.

Material examined

SZN-POL28, one specimen, Station 5, Mergellina, 19 July 1953, on algae, 0–2 m, coll. Cognetti.

Notes

Specimen complete, with stolon, male.

Stock. Stock 5 mm long, 0.65 mm wide, H+ 1051 mm, for 50 chaetigers. Median antenna with 22 joints, lateral ones with 20 joints. Dorsal cirri with 28–37 joints on anterior parapodia, 22–30 joints and 22–28 joints on middle and posterior ones, respectively. Anterior parapodia with 12 falcigers, bidentate; blades 20–30 Mm long. Posterior parapodia with nine falcigers, morphologically similar to those on anterior parapodia but with shorter blades (15–22.5 Mm long). Dorsal simple chaeta from chaetiger 26. Proventricle 0.70 mm long, 0.35 mm wide, through seven segments, with 34 muscle cell rows. Pharynx strongly retracted, occupying four segments, with a tooth placed posterior to opening of pharynx.

Stolon. Stolon 2.03 mm long, 0.55 mm wide, for 17 chaetigers, with one pair of antennae ‘‘ Chaetosyllis ’’. Dorsal cirri 20–23 joints and 11–15 joints on anterior and posterior parapodia, respectively. Anterior parapodia with seven falcigers, bidentate; blades 7– 17.5 Mm long. Posterior parapodia with six falcigers; blades 10–17.5 Mm long. Dorsal simple chaeta from chaetiger 14, ventral simple chaeta only on last four chaetigers. Swimming chaetae 0.14 mm long, from chaetiger 2.

Distribution

Apparently cosmopolitan ( Licher 1999).

Syllis variegata Grube, 1860

Syllis variegata Grube 1860, p 85 –86, Plate 3, Figure 6 ; San Martín 1984, p 354–360, Figures 88, 89.

Syllis variegata variegata: Cognetti 1955, p 3 –5, Figure 1-3-2a ; Cognetti 1957, p 20 –21, Figure 4b .

Typosyllis variegata: Campoy 1982, p 445 , Figure 65; Licher 1999, p 101 –108, Figures 10b , 17d, 49.

Material examined

SZN-POL32, one specimen, Station 3, Secca della Gajola, 5 July 1955, on coralligenous substrata, 40 m, coll. Cognetti.

Notes

Specimen complete, 10 mm long, 0.50 mm wide, H+ 1051.33 mm, for 98 chaetigers, with a specific colour marking ‘‘‘’’ on dorsum of each anterior parapodium. Median antenna with 14 joints, lateral ones with 10 joints. Tentacular cirri with 10–14 joints. Dorsal cirri 17–19 joints on anterior parapodia, 13–18 joints and 10–11 joints on middle and posterior parapodia, respectively. Anterior parapodia with 14 falcigers, bidentate, blades 20–40 Mm long. Posterior parapodia with seven falcigers; blades 15–30 Mm long. Dorsal simple chaeta slightly bidentate, from chaetiger 85. Ventral simple chaeta on last seven chaetigers, thin, bidentate. Proventricle 1.05 mm long, 0.30 mm wide, through nine segments, with 45 muscle cell rows. Pharynx occupying ca 10 segments; pharyngeal tooth placed anterodorsally.

Distribution

Apparently cosmopolitan ( Licher 1999).

Trypanosyllis aeolis Langerhans, 1879

Trypanosyllis aeolis Langerhans 1879, p 558 , Figure 18.

Trypanosyllis gemmipara: San Martín 1984, p 282 , Figure 66.

? Xenosyllis scabra: Cognetti 1957 (in part), p 30–31 (non Ehlers 1864).

Material examined

SZN-POL36, one specimen, Station 8, Secca di S. Giovanni, coll. Cognetti.

Notes

Specimen complete, 8.75 mm long, 0.93 mm wide, H+ 1051.15 mm, for 91 chaetigers, flattened dorso-ventrally, pinkish, with three dark reddish transverse lines on dorsum of each anterior parapodium. Median and lateral antennae originating from anterior margin of prostomium; median antenna with 11 joints, lateral ones with 11 joints. Tentacular cirri with 10–20 joints. Dorsal cirri pinkish, expanded distally, with 11–21 joints on anterior parapodia, with 9–13 and 6–8 joints on middle and posterior parapodia, respectively. Parapodia conical, with three long digitiform papillae at antero-dorsal and lateral sides. Anterior parapodia with 12 falcigers, slightly bidentate; blades ca 22.5 Mm long. Posterior parapodia with eight falcigers; blades 17.5 Mm long. Proventricle 0.55 mm long, 0.26 mm wide, through six segments, with 32 muscle cell rows. Pharynx occupying 4.5 segments; trepan could not be examined due to dense coloration on dorsum.

Distribution

Apparently cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical regions (San Martín 1984).

Trypanosyllis zebra ( Grube, 1860) Syllis zebra Grube 1860, p 86 –87, Plate 3, Figure 7 . Trypanosyllis zebra: Fauvel 1923, p 269 , Figures 101a–e; San Martín 1984, p 277–281,

Figures 64, 65; Cognetti 1957 (in part), p 26–27. Trypanosyllis coeliaca: Cognetti 1957 (in part), p 27–28 (non Claparède 1868).

Material examined

SZN-POL33, one specimen, Station 1, Lago Fusaro, on algae, 0–1 m, coll. Cognetti; SZN-POL34, one specimen, Station 5, Mergellina, on algae, 0–2 m, coll. Cognetti.

Notes

Largest specimen complete, 17.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, H+ 1051.15 mm, for 174 chaetigers, body dorso-ventrally flattened, reddish with one reddish transverse line on anterior and posterior region of each parapodium. Median antenna with 30 joints, lateral ones with ca 24 joints. Dorsal cirri with 22–34 joints on anterior parapodia, 17–27 joints and 10–13 joints on middle and posterior ones, respectively. Anterior parapodia with 14 falcigers, bidentate; blades 30–45 Mm long. Posterior parapodia with eight falcigers; blades 27.5–35 Mm long. Proventricle 1.15 mm long, 0.45 mm wide, through 10 segments, with ca 42 muscle cell rows. Pharynx occupying 13 segments; pharyngeal tooth placed anterodorsally; trepan with 12 equal teeth.

Distribution

Apparently cosmopolitan (San Martín 1984).

Figures

Figure 1. Map of the investigated area with location of sampling sites.

Figure 2. (A) Anterior and posterior parts of Autolytus antondohrni with a stolon; (B) trepan; (C) inferior falciger on anterior parapodium; (D) dorsal simple chaeta. Scale bar: 100 Mm (A); 11 Mm (B); 5 Mm (C, D).

Figure 3. (A) Anterior and posterior parts of Autolytus cognettii; (B) trepan; (C) falcigers on anterior parapodium; (D) dorsal simple chaeta. Scale bar: 100 Mm (A); 17 Mm (B); 4.3 Mm (C, D).

Figure 4. (A) Ventral view of anterior and posterior parts of Autolytus convolutus; (B) trepan; (C) superior falciger on anterior parapodium; (D) dorsal simple chaeta. Scale bar: 100 Mm (A); 15 Mm (B); 5 Mm (C, D).

Figure 6. (A) Anterior part of Autolytus neapolitanus; (B) trepan; (C) inferior falciger on anterior parapodium; (D) dorsal simple chaeta. Scale bar: 100 Mm (A); 28 Mm (B), 6 Mm (C, D).

Figure 7. (A) Anterior and posterior parts of Autolytus rubropunctatus; (B) trepan; (C) falcigers on anterior parapodium; (D) dorsal simple chaeta; (E) aciculae on middle parapodium. Scale bar: 100 Mm (A); 21 Mm (B); 5 Mm (C–E).

Figure 10. (A) Ventral view of anterior part of Virchowia clavata; (B) inferior falciger on anterior parapodium; (C) dorsal simple chaeta; (D) pygidium. Scale bar: 60 Mm (A, D); 2.3 Mm (B, C).