Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959b

Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Bartels, Paul J., Roszkowska, Milena & Nelson, Diane R., 2015, The Zoogeography of Marine Tardigrada, Zootaxa 4037 (1), pp. 1-189 : 33-35

24. Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959b sensu lato

Batillipes phreaticus n. sp. ( Renaud-Debyser 1959b)

Batillipes aff. phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959 ( Riemann 1966a) Batillipes littralis Renaud-Debyser var. submersus , var. nov . (D’Hondt 1970) Batillipes phreaticus ( Harris 1972a)

Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser (1959) ( Harris 1972b)

Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser ( Moore 1979, Morgan 1980) B. phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959 (D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1987, Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo 1987)

Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser 1959 ( Accogli et al. 2011) Terra typica : Atlantic Ocean ( France, Europe)

Atlantic Ocean:

• 55°47′N, 04°54′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] UK, Scotland, North Ayrshire County, Clyde Sea, White Bay East, Cumbrae, mid and low-tide levels. Morgan & Lampard (1986a)

• 54°44′N, 04°55′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] UK, Scotland, Dumfries and Galloway County, Clyde Sea, New England Bay, mid- and low-tide levels. Morgan & Lampard (1986a)

• 44°40′N, 01°14′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Type Locality: France, Aquitaine Region, Arcachon Bay, American beach, near to the sea water level and close to phreatic zone, sand (diameter 0.25–0.30 mm). Renaud-Debyser (1959b)

• 44°40′N, 01°14′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] France, Aquitaine Region, Arcachon Bay, Le Camp [American beach], salinity (29–35‰), intertidal, interstitial, sediment and sand. Renaud-Debyser & Salvat (1963)

Balearic Sea:

• 41°07′N, 01°16′E; 0–1.5 m bsl: [FAO37] Spain, Tarragona Province, Tarragona (cala Romana), sandy beach, salinity (34–38‰), 0–30 cm deep in sand, subangular sand (mean diameter 0.235–0.365 mm). Villora-Moreno & Grimaldi de Zio (1993)

• 39°23′N, 00°19′W; 0–1.5 m bsl: [FAO37] Spain, Valencia Province, Gulf of Valencia, El Saler, sandy beach, salinity (34–38‰), 0–30 cm deep in sand, subangular sand (mean diameter 0.235–0.365 mm). Villora-Moreno & Grimaldi de Zio (1993)

• 39°13′N, 00°15′W; 0–1.5 m bsl: [FAO37] Spain, Valencia Province, Gulf of Valencia, Mareny de San Lorenzo, sandy beach, salinity (34–38‰), 0–30 cm deep in sand, subangular sand (mean diameter 0.235–0.365 mm). Villora-Moreno & Grimaldi de Zio (1993)

Celtic Sea:

• 50°21′N, 04°15′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] UK, England, Cornwall County, Whitsand Bay, exposed sand beach below Withnoe cliff, intertidal transect from base of the cliff to Mean Low Water Spring, 0–50 cm depth, sand. Harris (1972a, b)

• 48°44′N, 04°00′W; 9 m bsl: [FAO27] France, Brittany Region, the Channel of Batz Island, Grand Bench Perharidy, loose, mixed fine sediment. d’Hondt (1970)

• 48°44′N, 03°59′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] France, Brittany Region, Roscoff, in front of the Biological Station, upper tidal zone, area of minimum oil pollution, 6–10 cm deep in sand, beach sand (diameter 0.24–0.26 mm). Renaud-Mornant & Gourbault (1980)

Ionian Sea:

• 40 ° 12.94′N, 17°5.07′E [40°13′N, 17°55′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39°52′00′′N, 16°42′30′′E; 20–200 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Cosenza Province, High Ionian Sea offshore, Calabrian Coast, Amendolara Shoal, coralligenous sand, coralligenous sand mixed with debris, coarse medium or fine coralligenous sand (few samples). D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1987), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (1987), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

Irish Sea:

• 54°19′N, 04°23′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Isle of Man, Ramsey, intertidal, quartz sand. Moore (1979)

• 54°17′N, 04°36′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Isle of Man, Kirk Michael, intertidal, quartz sand. Moore (1979)

• 54°13′N, 04°42′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Isle of Man, Peel, intertidal, quartz sand. Moore (1979)

• 54°05′N, 04°46′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Isle of Man, Port Erin, intertidal, quartz sand. Moore (1979)

• 52°53′N, 06°03′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Ireland, Leinster Province, Wicklow County, Brittas Bay, low water sand. Morgan (1980)

North Sea:

• 54°26′N, 00°32′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] UK, England, North Yorkshire County, Stoupe Beck Beach, sand. Pollock (1971)

• 54°12′N, 00°17′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] UK, England, North Yorkshire County, Filey Beach, sand. Pollock (1971)

• 53°56′N, 08°30′E; 14 m bsl: [FAO27] Germany, Lower Saxony State, Wadden Sea, Elbe River estuary, near Neuewerk, medium sand. Riemann (1966a)

• 50°53′N, 01°40′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] France, Nord-Pas-de-Calais Region, English Channel, 23 km N of Boulogne, Wissant, beach with white sand, salinity (33–35‰), intertidal, interstitial, sediment and sand. Renaud-Debyser & Salvat (1963)

• 50°46′N, 01°36′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] France, Nord-Pas-de-Calais Region, English Channel, 7 km N of Boulogne, Wimereux, beach with grey sand, salinity (33–35‰), intertidal, interstitial, sediment and sand. Renaud-Debyser & Salvat (1963)

Record numbers (Sea/Ocean classification): Atlantic Ocean: 4, Balearic Sea: 3, Celtic Sea: 3, Ionian Sea: 2, Irish Sea: 5, North Sea: 5; total: 22.

Record numbers (FAO classification): FAO27: 17, FAO37: 5; total: 22.

Remarks: This is a frequently reported species, mainly recorded from colder European waters, but also from the Mediterranean basin. It is usually an intertidal and interstitial species reported (0–30 cm deep) from different types of sand substrate, but also occurs subtidally.