Microasydates umbratus ( LeConte, 1866 ) Gimmel & Mayor, 2022

Gimmel, Matthew L. & Mayor, Adriean J., 2022, Revision of Microasydates, New Nearctic Genus of Soft-Winged Flower Beetles (Coleoptera: Melyridae: Dasytinae: Listrini), The Coleopterists Bulletin 76 (4), pp. 537-568 : 559-568

4. Microasydates umbratus ( LeConte, 1866) , new combination

( Figs. 1 , 8 , 11, 12 , 16 , 23, 24 , 28 , 32–34 , 37 , 41 , 50–53 , 56, 59 , 63–69 , 73–93 )

Pristoscelis umbratus LeConte 1866: 350 , 352–353; Crotch 1873: 78 (checklist); Henshaw 1885: 80 (list).

Trichochrous umbratus : Casey 1895: 470, 494–495; Fall 1901: 24, 126; Leng 1920: 147 (catalog); Pic 1937: 97 (catalog); Mawdsley 2003: 157.

Trichochrous indigens Casey 1895: 470 , 489; Fall 1901: 127; Leng 1920: 147 (catalog); Blaisdell 1923: 419; Pic 1937: 94 (catalog). New synonym.

Trichochrous nubilatus Casey 1895: 470 , 495; Fall 1901: 127; Leng 1920: 147 (catalog); Tanner 1928: 272, plate 14, fig. 9; Pic 1937: 94 (catalog). New synonym.

Trichochrous separatus Casey 1895: 470 , 487–488; Fall 1901: 127; Leng 1920: 147 (catalog); Pic 1937: 95 (catalog). New synonym.

Trichochrous suffusus Casey 1895: 470 , 495–496; Fall 1901: 24, 126; Leng 1920: 147 (catalog); Pic 1937: 96 (catalog). New synonym.

Trichochrous testaceus Casey 1895: 470 , 498–499; Fall 1901: 24, 126; Leng 1920: 147 (catalog); Pic 1937: 96 (catalog). New synonym.

Trichochrous pratensis Blaisdell 1924: 318–319 ; Leng and Mutchler 1927: 27 (catalog); Pic 1937: 95 (catalog). New synonym.

Type Specimens. Pristoscelis umbratus , one male and one female [see Remarks] as follows, deposited in MCZH: lectotype ♂, here designated, labeled “Cal [white printed label] // Horn Coll \ H5078 [white printed and handwritten label] // P. \ umbratus \ Lec. [white handwritten in pencil label] // MCZ-ENT \ 00732141 [white printed barcode label] // LECTOTYPE ♂ \ Pristoscelis \ umbratus LeConte, 1866 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [red printed label]”; paralectotype ♀ ( Figs. 73–75 ), here designated, labeled “Cala [white printed label] // P. umbratus \ LeC. [white handwritten label] // Type \ 3493 [red printed and handwritten label] // Aug.- Dec. 2004 \ MCZ Image \ Database [white black rimmed printed label] // MCZ-ENT \ 00003493 [white printed barcode label] // PARALECTOTYPE ♀ \ Pristoscelis \ umbratus LeConte, 1866 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [yellow printed label]” .

Trichochrous indigens , two males and two females as follows, all deposited in NMNH: lectotype ♂, here designated, labeled “Cal. [Casey locality code for Paraiso Hot Springs, Monterey Co.] [white printed label] // ♂ [white printed label] // Casey \ bequest \ 1925 [white printed label] // indigens \ Csy [white handwritten label] // TYPE USNM \ 37319 [red printed and handwritten label] // LECTOTYPE ♂ \ Trichochrous \ indigens Casey, 1895 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [red printed label]”; paralectotype ♂, here designated, labeled “Cal. [Casey locality code for Paraiso Hot Springs, Monterey Co.] [white printed label] // Casey \ bequest \ 1925 [white printed label] // indigens-5 \ PARATYPE USNM \ 37319 [red printed and handwritten label] // PARALECTOTYPE ♂ \ Trichochrous \ indigens Casey, 1895 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [yellow printed label]”; paralectotype ♀, here designated, labeled “Cal. [Casey locality code for Paraiso Hot Springs, Monterey Co.] [white printed label] // ♀ [white printed label] // Casey \ bequest \ 1925 [white printed label] // indigens-2 \ PARATYPE USNM \ 37319 [red printed and handwritten label] // PARALECTOTYPE ♀ \ Trichochrous \ indigens Casey, 1895 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [yellow printed label]”; paralectotype ♀, here designated, labeled “Cal. [Casey locality code for Paraiso Hot Springs, Monterey Co.] [white printed label] // Casey \ bequest \ 1925 [white printed label] // indigens-3 \ PARATYPE USNM \ 37319 [red printed and handwritten label] // PARALECTOTYPE ♀ \ Trichochrous \ indigens Casey, 1895 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [yellow printed label]”. Although Casey (1895) originally reported seeing five specimens from Santa Clara Co., California, we regarded the four listed above as syntypes.

Trichochrous nubilatus , holotype ♂ ( Figs. 76– 79 ), deposited in NMNH, labeled “Lake \ Co. CAL [white printed label] // ♂ [white printed label] // Casey \ bequest \ 1925 [white printed label] // nubilatus \ Csy [white handwritten label] // TYPE USNM \ 37325 [red printed and handwritten label] // HOLOTYPE ♂ \ Trichochrous \ nubilatus Casey, 1895 \ det. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [red printed label]”. Casey (1895) reported seeing one specimen, which we regard as the holotype, from Lake County, California. This specimen is very obviously similar to typical M. umbratus , with the dark elytral sutural triangle extending about halfway to the elytral apex; dissection revealed a median lobe ( Fig. 79 ) well within the variation observed in the species.

Trichochrous separatus , holotype ♀ ( Figs. 80–82 ), deposited in NMNH, labeled “S. Mateo \ Co. CAL. [white printed label] // Casey \ bequest\1925 [white printed label] // separatus \ Csy [white handwritten label] // TYPE USNM \ 37320 [red printed and handwritten label] // HOLOTYPE ♀ \ Trichochrous \ separatus Casey, 1895 \ det. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [red printed label]”. Casey (1895) reported seeing one specimen, which we regard as the holotype, from San Mateo, California. This specimen is a uniformly brownish female with slightly paler elytra ( Fig. 80 ).

Trichochrous suffusus , one dissected male and one female as follows, both deposited in NMNH: lectotype ♂ ( Figs. 83–86 ), here designated, labeled “Cal. [Casey locality code for Tehachapi – Wickham] [white printed label] // ♂ [white printed label] // Casey \ bequest \ 1925 [white printed label] // suffusus \ Csy [white handwritten label] // TYPE USNM \ 37326 [red printed and handwritten label] // LECTOTYPE ♂ \ Trichochrous \ suffusus Casey, 1895 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [red printed label]”; paralectotype ♀, labeled “Cal. [Casey locality code for Tehachapi – Wickham] [white print- ed label] // Casey \ bequest \ 1925 [white printed label] // suffusus-2 \ PARATYPE USNM \ 37326 [red printed and handwritten label] // PARALECTOTYPE ♀ \ Trichochrous \ suffusus Casey, 1895 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [yellow printed label]”. Casey (1895) reported having seen two specimens, which he erroneously reported from “Santa Barbara”, and which we regard as syntypes. These are similar to typical M. umbratus , with a diffuse dark elytral sutural triangle extending about three-quarters to the elytral apex ( Fig. 83 ); dissection revealed a median lobe ( Fig. 86 ) well within the variation observed in the species.

Trichochrous testaceus , one dissected male and two females, all deposited in NMNH: lectotype ♂ ( Figs. 87–90 ), here designated, labeled “·Cal [Casey locality code for Mojave – Wickham] [white printed label] // ♂ [white printed label] // Casey \ bequest \ 1925 [white printed label] // testaceus \ Csy [white handwritten label] // TYPE USNM \ 37330 [red printed and handwritten label] // LECTOTYPE ♂ \ Trichochrous \ testaceus Casey, 1895 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [red printed label]”; paralectotype ♀, labeled “·Cal [Casey locality code for Mojave – Wickham] [white printed label] // Casey \ bequest \ 1925 [white printed label] // testaceus-2 \ PARATYPE USNM \ 37330 [red printed and handwritten label] // PARALECTOTYPE ♀ \ Trichochrous \ testaceus Casey, 1895 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [yellow printed label]”; paralectotype ♀, labeled “·Cal [Casey locality code for Mojave – Wickham] [white printed label] // Casey \ bequest \ 1925 [white printed label] // testaceus-3 \ PARATYPE USNM \ 37330 [red print- ed and handwritten label] // PARALECTOTYPE ♀ \ Trichochrous \ testaceus Casey, 1895 \ des. Gimmel & Mayor 2022 [yellow printed label]”. Casey (1895) reported having seen three specimens from “Southern California ”, which we regard as syntypes. Dissection of the lectotype revealed a median lobe ( Fig. 90 ) well within the variation observed in the species.

Trichochrous pratensis , holotype ♂ ( Figs. 91– 93 ), deposited in CAS, labeled “Ash Meadow \ Nye Co. Nev. \ Aug. 14-19 ’21 [white printed label] // Knaus. [white printed label] // Nininger, Hoover [white printed label] // Blaisdell \ Collection [white printed label] // Type ♂. [vertically, on left side] Trichochrous \ pratensis \ Blais. [red and white handwritten label] // Holotype ♂ \ pratensis \ Blais [red handwritten label]” .

Diagnosis. The body color variable from pale yellow to black ( Figs. 8 , 11, 12 , 16 ), but mouthparts and legs always pale, and all setae (except black spiculate setae on male abdominal ventrites) pale; pronotum with a short, tight fringe of lateral pale setae ( Figs. 23, 24 ); female pygidium irregularly truncate ( Fig. 37 ), narrow median glabrous area obscure or absent ( Fig. 41 ); median lobe of aedeagus with only two ventral teeth (best seen in Figs. 79 , 86 ); and a mainland distribution including nearly all of California and the Great Basin Desert east through Nevada to east-central Utah distinguish M.umbratus from all other species of Microasydates .

Redescription. Body ( Figs. 8 , 11, 12 , 16 , 73, 74 , 76, 77 , 80, 81 , 83, 84 , 87, 88 , 91, 92 ) small, somewhat stout; weakly shining with slight bronze luster; isodiametric microsculpture on dorsal surface variable, ranging from very weak to distinct, not appearing to correlate with sex or population. Length 1.86–2.47 mm (male mean: 2.07 mm; female mean: 2.24 mm); width 0.75–1.04 mm (male mean: 0.87 mm; female mean: 0.91 mm). Always with legs uniformly light orange-red (except apex of tarsomere 5 dark), antennae dark orange-red (darker apically), and palpi darker still, but otherwise can be divided into three basic color forms: 1) body completely dark brown dorsally and ventrally ( “indigens form”; Figs. 11 , 80 , 91 ); 2) head and pronotum dark brown, elytra with light reddish-brown coloration from apex, leaving a variably sized triangular or U-shaped scutellar dark marking ( “umbratus form”; Figs. 8 , 16 , 73 , 76 , 84 ); 3) body entirely light reddish-brown, with only head somewhat darker ( “testaceus form”; Figs. 12 , 87 ). In the indigens form, only the apex of the abdomen around genital opening is often somewhat paler in both sexes, while in the umbratus form the male typically has the apical 1–3 ventrites contrastingly light reddish-brown and in the female the abdomen is often entirely light reddish-brown or has only the apical 3 ventrites paler, or occasionally abdomen mostly pale with the basal margins of some ventrites darker. Pubescence dense, completely reclining, uniformly pale dorsally and ventrally, ranging from silvery to golden; pronotal fringe ( Figs. 23, 24 ) short, tidy, composed of pale setae; elytral fringe slightly longer, completely pale, somewhat loose. Punctation of dense, very shallow punctures on head, pronotum, and elytra, difficult to trace, elytra with punctures slightly coarser, often nearly contiguous and forming weak transverse rugae near base of elytra. Head: Not conspicuously enlarged, similar in the sexes, distinctly narrower than pronotum, eyes rounded laterally, bulging; 1.50–1.76 times wider than interocular distance (male mean: 1.61; female mean: 1.55). Antennomeres 5–10 weakly serrate, antennomeres 6 and 8 somewhat reduced, antennomeres 9–11 more symmetrical; male antenna short, reaching to near basal one-fourth of pronotum posteriorly, female antenna slightly shorter. ThoraX: Pronotum ( Figs. 23, 24 ) wider than long, not appearing transverse, 0.75–0.83 times as long as wide (male mean: 0.79; female mean: 0.80); widest at middle; lateral edges straight and diverging to middle in basal one-half, then straight and converging to anterior margin, not constricted, lateral bead smooth, very weakly defined anteriorly; anterior and posterior angles obsolete, broadly rounded. Elytra elongate, broadly oval, more elongate in female, elytron 3.36–3.84 times as long as wide (male mean: 3.56; female mean: 3.64), elytra at humeri slightly wider than pronotum; elytral epipleuron distinct at base, slightly wider in male, tapering gradually and becoming obsolete near apex of abdominal ventrite 4 in male, near ventrite 3 in female, lateral carina barely visible in dorsal view for entire length, not explanate; apical margin broadly rounded, sutural angle absent in male or virtually so ( Fig. 28 ), weakly present in female, margin very weakly serrulate in both sexes. All tibiae with fine, pale setae along external margin; pro- and mesotibiae with conspicuous, short, stout, darkened spines arranged along external margin, spines slightly more numerous in female; metatibia of male with strong brush of dense, fine, black setae in apical one-third on inner margin, brush virtually absent in female. Abdomen: Male ventrites 4 and 5 weakly flattened or depressed medially, a transverse field of black spiculate setae (very conspicuous on those with a light abdomen) present medially on ventrites 3 and 4 (field on ventrite 4 largest) ( Fig. 1 ), sometimes a small field present on apex of ventrites 1 and 2 medially, black spiculate setae absent from ventrite 5 except one or two at extreme base. Pygidium of male with scattered sparse setae, glabrous in very small ill-defined basal triangle, with apex of pygidium truncate ( Fig. 32 ); female pygidium sparsely setose with narrow median glabrous strip ( Fig. 41 ), apex somewhat irregularly truncate with slight median projection ( Fig. 37 ). Spiculum gastrale ( Fig. 34 ) with basal strut short, distinctly less than one-third diameter of ring. Median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view ( Figs. 50, 52 , 79 , 86 , 90 ) stout, with apical limb subequal to basal limb, apex long, sharply acute, evenly and shallowly curved ventrally, ventral margin of apical limb with pair of ventrolateral teeth at same level (near middle of apical orifice), margin straight between paired teeth and apex; tegmen ( Figs. 51, 53 ) short, with weak or no constriction near base of ring. Female sternite VIII as in Fig. 59 ; spiculum ventrale longer than width of sternite VIII ( Fig. 59 ).

Etymology. The specific epithet is based on the Latin participle umbratus , meaning “shaded”, probably in reference to the infuscate triangular or “U” shaped marking prevalent in northern Californian populations of the species.

Host Plant Associations. Based on specimens we have examined, adults of M. umbratus have been collected from flowers of plants in the families Amaranthaceae , Apiaceae , Apocynaceae , Asteraceae

( Fig.68 ), Bignoniaceae , Brassicaceae , Euphorbiaceae , Frankeniaceae , Lamiaceae ( Fig. 69 ), Loasaceae , Malvaceae , Polemoniaceae , Polygonaceae ( Fig. 67 ), Rosaceae , and Solanaceae ( Table 1). Additionally, the species has been reported in the literature from Ipomopsis congesta (Hook.) V. E. Grant ( Polemoniaceae ) ( Mawdsley 2003).

Seasonal Distribution. 16 May to 28 October ( Fig. 64 ).

Geographic Distribution. California from San Diego County north to Humboldt and Modoc counties, east through Nevada to Sanpete and Utah counties, Utah ( Fig. 63 ). One old specimen record from central Colorado is doubtful, since otherwise the species is not known to occur east of the eastern border of the Great Basin. The species occurs from near sea level up to at least 2,230 m in open, dry habitats with sparse to dense ground cover of perennial plants ( Figs. 65, 66 ).

Specimens EXamined. Records reported here are based on the examination of 1,460 specimens. USA: CALIFORNIA: state record only (1♂, 4♀♀, MCZH) ; Alameda County: Corral Hollow , 14 mi. SW of Tracy, 16 August 1964, R. L. Langston (1♂, 2♀♀, UCRC) ; Calaveras County: Copperopolis , 3 August 1969, C. D. Howell (2♂♂, 6♀♀, UCRC) ; El Dorado County: 8 August 1929, R. H. Beamer (1♂, SEMC) ; Fresno County: NE of Clovis on Hwy. 168 at Dry Creek , elev. 215 m, N36°56′26.6′′, W119°30′17.3′′, 4 September 2019, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Trichostema lanceolatum (11♂♂, 5♀♀, UCRC) ; Monvero Dunes (N.), elev. 402 m, N36°32′02′′, W120°33′31′′, 27 August 2013, G. R. Ballmer (1♂, UCRC) ; same except Monocline Ridge , elev. 328 m, on Eriogonum sp. (2♀♀, UCRC) ; same except elev. 466 m, N36.53943°, W120.56465°, 27 August–3 September 2014, M. Powers, G. Ballmer, M. Irwin, Malaise trap in sand dune area (3♂♂, 6♀♀, UCRC) ; same except elev. 324 m, N36.53690°, W120.56032°, 28 August–3 September 2014, Malaise trap in wash between hills with sand dunes (3♂♂, 3♀♀, UCRC; 1♂, 1♀, SBMNH) ; Oil Fields , 26 August 1956, Salsola sp. , F. E. Skinner (1♀, EMEC) ; Humboldt County: Highway 299, 2 km west of Willow Creek , 40.946 78, −123.65163, 250 m, 16 August 2017, ex Daucus carota , M. and L. Gimmel, ML229a (7♂♂, 22♀♀, SBMNH) ; Inyo County: along Kennedy Meadow Road , 35.853 58, −117.96016, 1,415 m, 1 June 2016, ex Eriogonum fasciculatum , M. and L. Gimmel, M. A. Johnston and C. Wirth, ML79a (5♂♂, 1♀, SBMNH) ; Kern County: Bakersfield , 14 July 1929, P. W. Oman (2♂♂, 3♀♀, SEMC) ; Chimney Peak Rd. , 6.1 mi. NE of Hwy. 178, elev. 1,651 m, N35°47′6.1′′, W118° 4′19.4′′, 15 June 2017, A. J. Mayor, collected from flowers of Anisocoma acaulis (1♂, UCRC) ; Edwards AFB, Mercury Blvd., Rogers Dry Lake , 34.887 6 −117.8017, el. 700 m, 2 June 2021, UCR Team, on Stephanomeria pauciflora (6♂♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; Lake Isabella on Yankee Canyon Dr. , elev. 860 m, N35°39′11.5′′, W118°26′11.8′′, 7 June 2018, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum (5♂♂, 4♀♀, UCRC) ; ~ 11.2 mi. NW of McKittrick on Hwy. 58, elev. 805 m, N35°19′59.3′′, W119°46′55.4′′, 1 August 2019, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriogonum cithariforme (12♂♂, 8♀♀, UCRC) ; ~ 14.6 mi. NW of McKittrick , elev. 940 m, N35°21′4.3′′, W119°49′19.0′′, 1 August 2019, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriogonum nudum (8♂♂, 6♀♀, UCRC) ; same except collected beating flowers of Stephanomeria virgata (4♂♂, UCRC); Mojave, Wickham (syntypes, T. testaceus , 1♂, 2♀♀, NMNH) ; Oak Creek Rd., W. of Mojave , elev. 1,170 m, N35°03′05.9′′, W118°19′47.2′′, 1 September 2016, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Stephanomeria pauciflora (3♂♂, 3♀♀, UCRC) ; Rosamond , 23 July 1940, R. H. Beamer (1♀, SEMC) ; same except collected beating flowers of Stephanomeria virgata (4♂♂, UCRC); Sand Canyon Rd. at Tranquility Rd. , elev. 1,263 m, N35°09′50.6′′, W118°19′49.4′′, 1 September 2016, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Ericameria nauseosa (18♂♂, 7♀♀, UCRC) ; Tehachapi, Wickham (syntypes, T. suffusus , 1♂, 1♀, NMNH) ; Tehachapi Mts., Antelope Canyon , elev. 1,463 –1,585 m, 12 September 1975, A. J. Mayor, ex: Haplopappus sp. (19♂♂, 29♀♀, UCRC) ; Lake County: Lucerne , 17 July 1935, R. H. Beamer (2♀♀, SEMC) ; Upper Lake , 16 July 1935, R. H. Beamer (8♂♂, SEMC) ; [county record only] (holotype ♂, T. nubilatus, NMNH ); Los Angeles County: 1 km north of Elizabeth Lake , 34.674 48, −118.39446, 935 m, 15 October 2016, ex Stephanomeria , M. and L. Gimmel, ML119 (1♂, SBMNH) ; along Escondido Canyon Road , 34.489 80, −118.30222, 830 m, 31 May 2016, ex Eriogonum fasciculatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML71a (3♂♂, 4♀♀, SBMNH) ; near Grassy Hollow Visitor Center , 34.373 63, −117.71875, 2,230 m, 22 July 2017, ex Tetradymia canescens , M. and L. Gimmel, ML222a (1♀, SBMNH) ; Lake Hughes Road above Castaic Lake , 34.517 39, −118.58110, 620 m, 28 October 2018, ex Eriogonum elongatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML311 (1♀, SBMNH) ; Paramount Ranch , 34.114 7, −118.7570, 30 May 2008, D. Yanega and S. Droege (2♂♂, 3♀♀, SBMNH) ; San Dimas Canyon, N. of Golden Hills Rd. , elev. 376 m, N34° 8′49.9′′, W117°46′33.9′′, 14 July 2018, A. J. Mayor, collected from flowers of Datura wrightii (7♂♂, 15♀♀, UCRC) ; San Dimas Canyon Rd. , below dam, elev. 410 m, N34° 9′3.1′′, W117°46′27.7′′, 14 July 2018, A. J. Mayor, collect- ed beating flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum (1♂, 5♀♀, UCRC) ; Santa Monica , 22 July 1943, G. P. Mackenzie (4♂♂, 7♀♀, UCRC) ; Whittier , 13 August 1920, Timberlake coll., on Frankenia gran- diflora [= F. salina ] (1♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; same except Puente Hills , 17 August 1920, on Ericameria palmeri (3♂♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; Mendocino County: Yorkville , 13 August 1963, C. D. Johnson (2♂♂, UCRC) ; Modoc County: Adin , 30 July 1955, J. Schuh coll. (1♂, 2♀♀, UCRC) ; Monterey County: Arroyo Seco River , 8 August 1938, R. I. Sailer (1♀, SEMC) ; along Lockwood-San Lucas Road , 36.003 64, −121.06731, 455 m, 19 August 2018, ex Brassica nigra , M. and L. Gimmel and N. Rasmussen, ML306a (12♂♂, 13♀♀, SBMNH) ; same except ex Stephanomeria virgata, ML 306b (1♂, 1♀, SBMNH) ; Nacimiento-Fergusson Road between Nacimiento and Ponderosa campgrounds, 36.004 42, −121.39064, 480 m, 19 August 2018, ex Eriogonum roseum , M. and L. Gimmel and N. Rasmussen, ML305a (1♀, SBMNH) ; Paraiso Hot Springs (syntypes, T. indigens , 2♂♂, 2♀♀, NMNH) ; Orange County: Laguna Canyon , 2 October 1963, M. E. Irwin (4♂♂, 3♀♀, UCRC) ; same except September 1964 (3♂♂, UCRC) ; Yorba Linda , 15 August 1920, Timberlake coll., on flowers of anise [= Foeniculum vulgare ] (1♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; [county record only], 14 July 1929, R. H. Beamer (1♀, SEMC) ; same except L. D. Anderson (1♀, SEMC) ; Riverside County: Box Canyon Wash , 20 mi. NE of Mecca, elev. 450 m, N33°39.409′, W115°48.122′, 16 May 2015, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Petalonyx thurberi (1♀, UCRC) ; Cajalco Rd., W. of Lake Mathews ; elev. 389 m, N33°49′50.09′′, W117°28′9.2′′, 20 June 2018, C. B. Watson, collect- ed sweeping flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum (1♂, 2♀♀, UCRC) ; Lake Elsinore, on El Toro Cutoff Rd. , elev. 465 m, N33°43.023′, W117°19.623′, 3 June 2015, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum (8♂♂, 9♀♀, UCRC; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, SBMNH) ; same except collected beating flowers of Adenostoma fasciculatum (1♀, UCRC); Live Oak Canyon near Redlands , 23 June 1934, Timberlake coll., on Eremocarpus setiger [= Croton setiger ] (13♂♂, 12♀♀, UCRC) ; Menifee Valley (hills on W. end), elev. 549 m, 33°39′N, 117°13′W, October 1998, John D. Pinto (2♂♂, UCRC) ; same except July 2001, pan trap (1♀, UCRC) ; same except 18–19 July 2000, yellow pan under Eriogonum fasciculatum (3♀♀, UCRC) ; Reche Canyon Rd. , elev. 651 m, N33°58.937′, W117°12.929′, 7 July 2015, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Gutierrezia californica (8♂♂, 6♀♀, UCRC; 1♂, 2♀, SBMNH; 1♂, 1♀, CLi) ; same except elev. 655 m, N33°58′56.1′′, W117°12′55.6′′, 15 July 2016 (4♂♂, 6♀♀, UCRC; 1♂, 1♀, SBMNH) ; same except collected beating flowers of Corethrogyne filaginifolia (4♂♂, 2♀♀, UCRC) ; Riverside , 7 August 1924, Timberlake coll. (1♂, UCRC) ; same except 18 June 1935, on Gutierrezia californica (22♂♂, 19♀♀, UCRC) ; Santa Rosa Plateau Ecol. Res. , 12–16 July 2001, 590 m, 33°32.524′N, 117°14.644′W, yellow pan trap #3, PEET survey (2♂♂ UCRC) ; same except 14 August–7 September 2001, Malaise trap #2 (2♂♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; same except 33°32.489′N, 117°14.652′W, Malaise trap #3 (1♀, UCRC) ; same except 30 July–14 August 2001, Malaise trap PEET survey (1♂, UCRC) ; San Bernardino County: Cajon Junction , elev. 1,067 m, E. I. Schlinger, collected on Tetradymia comosa (10♂♂, 3♀♀, UCRC) ; 1.3 mi. NW of Cajon Junction on Hwy. 138, elev. 1,009 m, N34°19.533′, W117°27.488′, 19 June 2015, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum (1♀, UCRC) ; 1.6 mi NE of Cajon Junction on Hwy. 138, elev. 1,035 m, N34°19′34.5′′, W117°27′07.3′′, 6 July 2016, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriastrum densifolium (15♂♂, 14♀♀, UCRC) ; E. of Cajon Summit on Mariposa Rd. , elev. 1,291 m, N34°21′00.4′′, W117°26′14.3′′, elev. 1,291 m, 23 June 2016, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum (5♂♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; Desert Front Road , west end, 34.391 72, −117.62987, 1,590 m, 22 July 2017, ex Eriastrum densifolium , M. and L. Gimmel, ML220 (1♂, 1♀, SBMNH) ; Mohave [sic] [Mojave] River at Deep Creek , 14 August 1936, Timberlake coll., on Eriogonum mohavense (2♂♂, UCRC) ; same except on Eriogonum gracile (1♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; North Lucerne Valley on Hwy. 247 at Cummings Rd. , elev. 912 m, N34°33.780′, W116°57.491′, 24 May 2015, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Petalonyx thurberi (7♂♂, 5♀♀, UCRC; 1♂, SBMNH) ; Pioneertown , 6 mi N., 3 July 1965, J. L. Bath (1♀, UCRC) ; Pioneertown Rd. , SE of Pioneertown, elev. 1,067 m, N34° 8′3.5′′, W116°27′23.1′′, 27 June 2017, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Petalonyx thurberi (14♂♂, 2♀♀, UCRC) ; Pipes Canyon trailhead, elev. 1,332 m, N34°10′19.2′′, W116°32′48.3′′, 27 June 2017, A. J. Mayor, collect- ed beating flowers of Chilopsis linearis (1♀, UCRC) ; San Bernardino Natl. Forest, Swarthout Canyon Rd. , elev. 1,023 m, N34°17.428′, W117°29.778′, 5 July 2015, A. J. Mayor, collected from flowers of Stephanomeria pauciflora (12♂♂, 11♀♀, UCRC; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, SBMNH) ; Wild Wash at Sorrel Trail , 12.5 mi. NE of Victorville, elev. 889 m, N34°42′13.4′′, W117°12′39.5′′, 12 June 2019, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum (3♂♂, 4♀♀, UCRC) ; same except 27 June 2019 (6♂♂, 4♀♀, UCRC) ; same except 30 June 2019 (10♂♂, 6♀♀, UCRC) ; same except 10 July 2019 (2♀♀, UCRC) ; ~ 3 mi. NE of Wrightwood on Hwy. 2, elev. 1,446 m, N34°22′52.8′′, W117°35′45.6′′, 27 July 2017, A. J. Mayor, collect- ed beating flowers of Stephanomeria pauciflora (2♂♂, 2♀♀, UCRC) ; San Diego County: Balboa Park , 5 September 1932, Isocoma (2♂♂, 1♀, EMEC) ; same except 7 September 1932, Ian Moore (2♀♀, EMEC) ; Escondido , 15 July 1941, Burt Hogden (1♀, SEMC) ; La Jolla, 13 July 1941, Burt Hogden (1♂, SEMC) . San Luis Obispo County: Morro Bay , 16 August 1962, C. D. Johnson, swept (1♀, UCRC) ; 2 mi. E of Morro Bay , 16 August 1962, C. D. Johnson (1♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; San Mateo County: [county record only] (holotype ♀, T. separatus, NMNH ) ; Santa Clara County: San Martin , 23 August 1959, ex composite flower, K. W. Brown (1♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; Santa Barbara County: Cuyama Ranch , 25 July 1935, R. H. Beamer (5♂♂, 5♀♀, SEMC) ; East Camino Cielo 3.4 km east of highway 154, 34.518 96, −119.78360, 970 m, 3 September 2018, ex Eriogonum elongatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML307 (3♀♀, SBMNH) ; Figueroa Mountain Road near Grass Mountain , 34.743 11, −120.04453, 675 m, 3 September 2015, ex Eriogonum elongatum , M. and L. Gimmel (1♂, SBMNH) ; Figueroa Mountain Road near Ranger Peak , 34.720 82, −119.96094, 1,230 m, 3 September 2015, ex Corethrogyne filaginifolia , M. and L. Gimmel (7♂♂, 6♀♀, SBMNH) ; same except ex Hemizonia congesta (1♂, 6♀♀, SBMNH) ; Miguelito Canyon , 34.576 30, −120.50329, 345 m, 27 August 2015, ex Symphyotrichum , M. and L. Gimmel (1♂, SBMNH) ; Santa Ynez Mountains, East Camino Cielo near Cold Spring Trail , 34.483 62, −119.63667, 1,050 m, 5 September 2016, ex Eriogonum fasciculatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML113a (2♂♂, 2♀♀, SBMNH) ; Santa Ynez Mountains, East Camino Cielo near San Ysidro Creek , 34.485 05, −119.62784, 1,040 m, 5 September 2016, ex Eriogonum elongatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML112b (1♂, 2♀♀, SBMNH) ; Toro Canyon Park , 1–4 October 1999, Malaise trap, R. L. Doutt (1♂, SBMNH) ; UC Sedgwick Reserve , 34.716 4, −120.0936, 26 July–6 August 2005, Malaise trap, M. Caterino (2♂♂, 1♀, SBMNH) ; same except 6–27 August 2005 (1♂, SBMNH) ; UC Sedgwick Reserve , 34.698 5, −120.0415, 30 August–1 September 2009, UV light, C. Grinter (1♂, SBMNH) ; West Camino Cielo, 4.3 km east of Refugio Road , 34.533 82, −120.03413, 970 m, 12 August 2018, ex Eriogonum fasciculatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML298 (5♂♂, 6♀♀, SBMNH) ; same except ex Stephanomeria virgata (1♂, SBMNH) ; Shasta County: Fort Crook , G. H. Horn (lectotype ♂, paralectotype ♀, T. umbratus, MCZH ) ; along Texas Springs Road , 40.510 21, −122.44946, 190 m, 16 August 2017, ex Eriogonum nudum var. pubiflorum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML226c (7♂♂, 14♀♀, SBMNH; 4♂♂, 4♀♀, UCRC) ; same except ex Perideridia kelloggii, ML 226a (16♂♂, 10♀♀, SBMNH) ; same except ex Asclepias fascicularis, ML 226b (8♂♂, 6♀♀, SBMNH) ; Sonoma County: Santa Rosa , 16 August 1938, D. W. Craik (1♀, SEMC) ; Stanislaus County: along Diablo Grande Parkway , 37.456 35, −121.19205, 120 m, 23 August 2017, ex Trichostema lanceolatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML248b (30♂♂, 57♀♀, SBMNH) ; same except ex Brassica nigra, ML 248 (1♂, 1♀, SBMNH) ; same except ex Erigeron canadensis, ML 248c (1♀, SBMNH) ; Tulare County: Strathmore , 30 September 1935, Timberlake coll., on Trichostema lanceolatum (8♂♂, 5♀♀, UCRC) ; Ventura County: CA-33 at Cherry Creek Road, 34.606 41, −119.35722, 1,270 m, 21 July 2017, ex Eriogonum fasciculatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML214 (1♂, 2♀♀, SBMNH) ; Cuyama River on Hwy. 33, elev. 991 m, N34°46′11.2′′, W119°25′18.9′′, 1 August 2017, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Stephanomeria pauciflora (1♂, UCRC) ; Highway 33 at Rose Valley Road, 34.534 45, −119.23870, 1,065 m, 28 August 2015, beating, M. and L. Gimmel, P. Jump (1♀, SBMNH) ; Highway 33, 4.5 miles north of Wheeler Springs , 34.528 08, −119.27085, 780 m, 12 August 2016, ex Eriogonum fasciculatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML108 (3♂♂, 2♀♀, SBMNH) ; Highway 33, 10 miles north of Wheeler Springs , 34.553 97, −119.24290, 1,050 m, 12 August 2016, ex Lepidospartum squamatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML110 (9♂♂, 5♀♀, SBMNH) ; Laguna Ridge at Lake Casitas , 34.391 56, −119.35788, 195 m, 21 July 2017, ex Malacothamnus fasciculatus , M. and L. Gimmel, ML217 (1♂, 4♀♀, SBMNH) ; Laguna Ridge Road at Casitas Pass Road , 34.397 84, −119.35657, 215 m, 22 July 2020, ex Malacothamnus fasciculatus , M. and L. Gimmel, ML369 (17♂♂, 10♀♀, SBMNH) ; same except ex Malacothrix saxatilis (1♀, SBMNH) ; Los Padres Natl. Forest, 2.5 mi. N. of Wheeler Springs on Hwy. 33, elev. 623 m, N34°31′11.2′′, W119°16′31.3′′, 20 July 2016, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum (25♂♂, 20♀♀, UCRC) ; same except 31 July 2016 (9♂♂, 6♀♀, UCRC) ; Middle Lion Campground , 34.549 77, −119.16680, 970 m, 28 August 2015, ex Ericameria , M. and L. Gimmel, P. Jump (6♂♂, 3♀♀, SBMNH) ; Middle Lion Campground , 34.549 14, −119.16610, 960 m, 21 July 2017, ex Corethrogyne filaginifolia , M. and L. Gimmel, ML215 (3♂♂, 1♀, SBMNH) ; Pine Mountain ridge, 34.643 41, −119.35088, 1,835 m, 21 July 2017, ex Eriogonum fasciculatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML213 (18♂♂, 13♀♀, SBMNH) ; Pine Mountain Summit on Hwy. 33, elev. 1,457 m, N34°38′58.1′′, W119°23′7.2′′, 6 July 2017, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum (1♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; Wheeler Gorge along hwy. 33, 34.519 10, −119.27083, 600 m, 10 June 2017, ex Eriogonum fasciculatum , M. and L. Gimmel, ML205 (1♂, SBMNH) . NEVADA: Clark County: Mount Potosi, Spring Range Mountains , 15 August 2002, D. J. Cavan (12♂♂, 10♀♀, BYU) ; Douglas County: North end of Topaz Lake on Topaz Park Rd. , elev. 1,520 m, N38°41′53.8′′, W119°31′57.0′′, 20 August 2018, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Eriogonum wrightii (26♂♂, 14♀♀, UCRC) ; same except 7 September 2018 (2♂♂, 1♀, UCRC) ; Elko County: 26.5 mi. S of Wells on Hwy. 93, elev. 1,755 m, N40°43′17.2′′, W115° 1′43.2′′, 7 July 2018, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (8♂♂, 3♀♀, UCRC) ; same except 30 July 2018 (9♂♂, 11♀♀, UCRC) ; 27 mi. S of Wells , 26 July 1976, J. T. Doyen (5♂♂, 3♀♀, EMEC) ; 27.2 mi. S of Wells on Hwy. 93, elev. 1,750 m, N40°42′45.2′′, W115° 1′29.8′′, 7 July 2018, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (22♂♂, 16♀♀, UCRC) ; same except 30 July 2018 (1♂, 3♀♀, UCRC) ; Lander County: Austin , 12 August 1940, R. H. Beamer (1♀, SEMC) ; Nye County: Ash Meadows, 14–19 August , 1921, Nininger-Hoover Expedition , W. Knaus collector (holotype ♂, 13 paratypes, T. pratensis, CAS ; 1♀ paratype, T. pratensis, SEMC ) ; E of Saulsbury Summit on Hwy 6, elev. 1,982 m, N38° 7′53.0′′, W116°44′36.8′′, 29 July 2018, A. J. Mayor, collect- ed beating flowers of Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (2♂♂, 7♀♀, UCRC) ; White Pine County: 3 mi .

NE of Currant Summit on Hwy 6, elev. 1,945 m, N38°50′55.6′′, W115°14′36.1′′, 7 July 2018, A. J. Mayor, collected beating flowers of Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (3♂♂, 3♀♀, UCRC); Snake Range, Big Wash Ranch, 9 August 1978, J. Doyen (1♂, 9♀♀, EMEC). UTAH: Iron County: Parowan Gap, 37°54.6′N, 112°59.0′W, 5,600 ft, 22 July 2012, S. M. Clark and D. J. Cavan (1♀, BYU); Juab County: North Yuba Reservoir, South Hills, 39.453 80, −111.96674, 5,300 ft, 12–25 July 2005, juniper community, Malaise trap #2, R. L. Johnson and E. T. Gardner (1♂, 1♀, BYU); same except 39.453 50, −111.96699, 5,297 ft, Malaise trap #1 (1♂, 1♀, BYU); same except 39.454 30, −111.96667, 5,292 ft, Malaise trap #3 (1♀, BYU); North Yuba Reservoir, The Washboard, 39.439 94, −112.0047, 5,054 ft, 12–25 July 2006, cheatgrass community, Malaise trap #2, R. L. Johnson and E. T. Gardner (1♂, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.732 76, −112.20473, 5,245 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, cheatgrass 3, R. L. Johnson (5♂♂, 3♀♀, BYU); same except 29 June–12 July (2♂♂, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.730 52, −112.205812, 5,237 ft, Malaise trap, cheatgrass 2, R. L. Johnson (1♂, 3♀♀, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.729 02, −112.20428, 5,238 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, cheatgrass 1, R. L. Johnson (3♀♀, BYU); same except 26 July–9 August 2006 (1♂, 1♀, BYU); same except 10–23 August 2006 (1♂, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.752 571, −112.20272, 5,248 ft, 26 July–9 August 2006, Malaise trap, sagebrush 3, R. L. Johnson (1♂, 2♀♀, BYU); same except 10–23 August 2006 (2♀♀, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.724 95, −112.20297, 5,232 ft, 12–25 July 2006, sagebrush community, Malaise trap #2, R. L. Johnson (1♂, BYU); same except 26 July–9 August 2006 (2♀♀, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.784 31, −112.15489, 5,762 ft, 29 June–11 July 2006, Malaise trap, juniper 3, R. L. Johnson (1♂, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.723 14, −112.20226, 5,233 ft, 10–23 August 2006, Malaise trap, sagebrush 1, R. L. Johnson (2♀♀, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.714 75, −112.16943, 5,338 ft, 10–23 August 2006, Malaise trap, crested 2, R. L. Johnson (1♀, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.784 22, −112.15594, 5,750 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, juniper 2, R. L. Johnson (1♀, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.713 56, −112.16980, 5,336 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, crested 1, R. L. Johnson (1♀, BYU); Tintic Valley, 39.783 96, −112.15729, 3,750 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, juniper 1, R. L. Johnson (1♂, BYU); Yuba, 39.410 16, −111.99285, 5,096 ft, 26 July–9 August, Malaise trap, sagebrush, R. L. Johnson (1♂, 2♀♀, BYU); Yuba, 39.453 80, −111.96674, 5,300 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, juniper 2, R. L. Johnson (2♀♀, BYU); same except 10–23 August 2006 (1♂, 1♀, BYU); Yuba, 39.453 50, −111.96699, 5,297 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, juniper 1, R. L. Johnson (1♂, 2♀♀, BYU); same except 26 July–9 August 2006 (1♂, BYU); same except 10–23 August 2006 (1♂, BYU); Yuba, 39.456 18, −111.99165, 5,156 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, crested 2, R. L. Johnson (1♂, 1♀, BYU); Yuba, 39.454 30, −111.96667, 5,292 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, juniper 3, R. L. Johnson (1♂, 2♀♀, BYU); same except 26 July–9 August 2006 (1♂, BYU); Yuba, 39.439 94, −112.0047, 5,054 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, cheatgrass 2, R. L. Johnson (1♂, 1♀, BYU); Yuba, 39.441 25, −112.00100, 5,047 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, cheatgrass 3, R. L. Johnson (1♂, BYU); Yuba, 39.438 57, −112.0024, 5,041 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, cheatgrass 1, R. L. Johnson (1♂, 1♀, BYU); Yuba, 39.411 07, −111.99335, 5,893 ft, 29 June–11 July 2006, Malaise trap, sagebrush 3, R. L. Johnson (1♂, BYU); Millard County: Leamington, 28 July 1954, taken on Artemisia tridentata, H. Beandorn and G. F. Knowlton (1♂, SEMC); Sanpete County: Antelope Valley, 39.235 94, −111.75281, 5,776 ft, 12–25 July 2006, juniper community, Malaise trap #2, R. L. Johnson and E. T. Gardner (1♂, 4♀♀, BYU); same except Malaise trap, juniper 2, R. L. Johnson (2♂♂, BYU); Antelope Valley, 39.232 37, −111.75197, 5,741 ft, 12–25 July 2006, crested wheatgrass community, Malaise trap #2, R. L. Johnson and E. T. Gardner (2♀♀, BYU); same except Malaise trap, crested 2, R. L. Johnson (2♂♂, BYU); Antelope Valley, 39.237 33, −111.73499, 5,637 ft, 12–25 July 2006, R. L. Johnson and E. T. Gardner, cheatgrass community, Malaise trap #1 (1♂, BYU); same except Malaise trap, cheatgrass 1, R. L. Johnson (1♀, BYU); Antelope Valley, 39.239 93, −111.73408, 5,675 ft, 12–25 July 2006, Malaise trap, cheatgrass 2, R. L. Johnson (1♂, BYU); Antelope Valley, 39.235 26, −111.75134, 5,750 ft, 12–25 July 2006, juniper community, Malaise trap #1, R. L. Johnson and E. T. Gardner (9♂♂, BYU); same except 29 June–11 July 2006 (1♂, BYU); Antelope Valley, 39.236 55, −111.75351, 5,790 ft, 12–25 July 2006, juniper community, Malaise trap #3, R. L. Johnson and E. T. Gardner (1♂, 4♀♀, BYU); Antelope Valley, 39.231 63, −111.74507, 5,657 ft, 12–25 July 2006, sagebrush community, Malaise trap #1, R. L. Johnson and E. T. Gardner (1♀, BYU); Antelope Valley, 39.233 23, −111.74503, 5,650 ft, 29 June–11 July, Malaise trap, sagebrush 2, R. L. Johnson (1♂, 1♀, BYU); Antelope Valley, 39.242 72, −111.73335, 5,718 ft, 29 June–11 July 2006, Malaise trap, cheatgrass 3, R. L. Johnson (2♀♀, BYU); Tooele County: 0.7 mile northwest of Little Granite Mountain, 12T 4452010N 342927E, 19 July 2005, white pan trap, E. Jarrell and J. Wilson (1♂, BYU); Dugway Proving Ground, 21 July 1952, H. V. Egoscue (1♂, BYU); Dugway Proving Ground, Dog Area, Field No. 19, 2 August 1955, D. E. Johnson (2♂♂, 1♀, BYU); same except Field No. 28, 27 July 1955 (1♀, BYU); Dugway Proving Ground, dunes south of Camels Back Ridge, 17–31 July 2003, C. R. Nelson (1♂, 1♀, BYU); Dugway Proving Ground, East Dugway Dunes, 24 July 2003, Malaise trap, R. L. Johnson and C. R. Nelson (3♂♂, 1♀, BYU); same except 31 July 2003, C. R. Nelson (1♂, 5♀♀, BYU); same except 28 August 2003 (1♀, BYU); Dugway Proving Ground, East Dugway Dunes, 40.22°N, 112.83°W, 7–21 August 2003, C. R. Nelson (1♂, BYU); Simpson’s Butte, Dugway Proving Ground, 4 August 1952, on Chrysothamnus, Frimling (1♂, 1♀, BYU); West Hickman Canyon, Stansbury Mountains, 25 August 1953, Solidago trinervata, P. D. Ashlock (1♀, BYU); Whiskey Spring Canyon, Granite Mountain, 21 July 1954, Solidago trinervata [= S. velutina ], G. F. Edmunds, Jr. (1♀, BYU); Utah County: Elberta, July 1930, Andrew R. Barnum, 94-57 (3♂♂, 9♀♀, BYU); Washington County: 3 miles southwest of Shivwits Indian Reservation, 9 September 1959, Andrew H. Barnum (2♀♀, BYU).

Doubtful Records. COLORADO: Eagle County: Sloss , 17 August 1920, L. D. Anderson (1♂, SEMC) .

Remarks. LeConte (1866) originally reported two males of P. umbratus . From the MCZH Horn collection the lectotype here designated is determined to be male, and in the MCZH LeConte collection the paralectotype here designated is determined to be female; we regard both as from “Fort Crook, [Shasta Co.] California ” ( LeConte 1866: 353). Three additional specimens in the LeConte collection, one a male from Utah labeled “umbratus 2”, and two specimens mounted on one card, from Cala and labeled “umbratus 3” and “umbratus 4”, are not considered part of the original type series.

There are 12 specimens in the Horn collection identified as P. umbratus . Of these, one is the lectotype (designated above), five are M. umbratus , one is Trichochrous egenus Casey, 1895 , and five are T. fulvovestitus .

The color of adults of M. umbratus is extremely variable, from populations that are entirely pale yellow-orange to entirely black with pale mouthparts and legs. However, the geographic patterns of color variants are vague and, in our opinion, do not deserve name recognition. Throughout the vast range of this species morphological characters of the setal pattern, male and female ventrites, and male genitalia show little or no variation. This lack of morphological variation is the basis for the extensive synonymy of Casey and Blaisdell names under M. umbratus .

Populations with specimens that may be entirely pale ( Figs.12 , 87, 88 ), corresponding with T. testaceus of Casey, occur in the inland valley areas of Riverside Co., CA, the western Mojave desert (the type locality), and the Monvero Dunes in western Fresno Co., CA. Even though individuals in these populations are mostly pale, at least in some localities (e.g., Reche Canyon, Riverside Co.) there are individuals (mostly males) that are nearly entirely dark dorsally or more frequently with the occipital area of the head and the base of the elytra diffusely darker.

Populations referable to T. indigens and/or T. suffusus dominate in the coastal areas and Transverse Ranges of southern California east through the Mojave and Great Basin Deserts of California, Nevada, and Utah. Individuals in these populations tend to be dark brown to black dorsally ( Figs. 11 , 80, 81 , 91, 92 ) with the elytral apex often pale yellow-orange in females, and mouthparts and legs pale yellow-orange in both sexes.

Populations from the North Coastal Ranges and the hills and mountains bordering the Central Valley of California are referable to the forms represented by the types of T. nubilatus and P. umbratus . Individuals in these populations typically are pale yellow-orange dorsally with a triangular or “U” shaped dark black spot at the base of the elytra ( Figs. 8 , 16 , 73 , 76 ), with mouthparts and legs pale yellow-orange in both sexes.

As noted in the generic description, female sternite VIII is divided, with acute medial angles, often giving the appearance of an apical abdominal excavation when the abdomen is more extruded. This unusual female character undoubtedly led LeConte to characterize one female syntype of P. umbratus as male. Casey, also believing these specimens were both males, failed to recognize that P. umbratus belonged with the group of Trichochrous species he characterized as having male abdominal ventrite 4 with “spiniform setae in a cluster at the middle near the apex”.

Trichochrous fulvovestitus and T. propinquus were indicated as synonyms of T. umbratus by Fall (1901: 126), but upon detailed examination of types, this is obviously incorrect.As stated by Fall (1901), the type of T. propinquus is indeed a female, and conspecific with the male type of T. fulvovestitus , but both belong to the core Trichochrous , the males possessing expanded tibial spurs on the pro- and mesotibiae and lacking the spiculate abdominal setae of Microasydates . Additionally, the median lobe of the aedeagus does not possess tooth-like processes ventrally, and the tegmen is sclerotized apically. Externally, both males and females of T. fulvovestitus may be recognized by their narrow elytral epipleuron, which is narrower than the width of the terminal antennomeres behind the elytral humerus (epipleuron as broad as or broader than the terminal antennomeres for entire length of pterothorax in Microasydates ). Trichochrous fulvovestitus is abundant in creosote-bush ( Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville ; Zygophyllaceae ) deserts in southern California, southern Nevada, and southern and western Arizona, and will be treated in a future contribution. The nomenclature is updated as follows:

Trichochrous fulvovestitus Casey, 1895 , status restored

= Trichochrous propinquus Casey, 1895 (synonymy by Fall 1901: 126)

Figures

Figs. 1–4. Male characters of Microasydates, new genus. 1) M. umbratus, abdominal ventrites 1–5 in glycerol, ventral view. M. santabarbara, new species, SEMs: 2) Abdomen, ventral view showing spiculate setae concentrated on ventrite 4; 3) Tibiotarsal junction of middle leg showing acute, unmodified mesotibial spurs; 4) Hind leg showing subapical setal brush on metatibia and unmodified metatibial spurs.

Figs. 5–8. Dorsal habitus of male Microasydates, new genus. 5) M. punctipennis (SBMNHENT0080249); 6) M. sanclemente, new species (holotype; SBMNHENT0079371); 7) M. santabarbara, new species, patterned form; 8) M. umbratus, “umbratus” form (specimen from Shasta Co., CA). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 9–12. Habitus of male Microasydates, new genus showing variation. M. santabarbara, new species, unpatterned (island) form (specimen from Santa Cruz Island; SBMNHENT0108116): 9) Dorsal view; 10) Lateral view. 11) M. umbratus, “indigens” form, dorsal view; 12) M. umbratus, “testaceus” form, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 13–16. Dorsal habitus of female Microasydates, new genus. 13) M. punctipennis (LACMENT540887); 14) M. sanclemente, new species (SBMNHENT0079368); 15) M. santabarbara, new species; 16) M. umbratus. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 17–24. Pronota of Microasydates, new genus. M. punctipennis: 17) Male; 18) Female. M. sanclemente, new species: 19) Male; 20) Female. M. santabarbara, new species: 21) Male; 22) Female. M. umbratus: 23) Male; 24) Female.

Figs. 25–28. Elytral apices of male Microasydates, new genus. 25) M. punctipennis; 26) M. sanclemente, new species; 27) M. santabarbara, new species; 28) M. umbratus.

Figs. 29–32. Pygidia with attached sternite VIII of male Microasydates, new genus in glycerol. 29) M. punctipennis; 30) M. sanclemente, new species; 31) M. santabarbara, new species; 32) M. umbratus. Scale bars = 200 μm.

Figs. 33–34. Terminalia of male Microasydates umbratus. 33) Sternite VIII; 34) Spiculum gastrale. Scale bars = 200 μm.

Figs. 35–37. Female pygidia of Microasydates, new genus in glycerol showing degree of apical emargination. 35) M. punctipennis; 36) M. santabarbara, new species; 37) M. umbratus. Scale bars = 200 μm.

Figs. 38–41. Female pygidia of Microasydates, new genus showing pubescence. 38) M. punctipennis;

Figs. 42–53. Median lobe (lateral view) and tegmen (ventral view) for male Microasydates, new genus in glycerol. M. punctipennis: 42) Median lobe; 43) Tegmen. M. sanclemente, new species: 44) Median lobe; 45) Tegmen. M. santabarbara, new species, specimen from Santa Ynez Mountains, CA: 46) Median lobe; 47) Tegmen. M. santabarbara, new species, specimen from Santa Cruz Island, CA: 48) Median lobe; 49) Tegmen. M. umbratus, specimen from Shasta Co., CA: 50) Median lobe; 51) Tegmen. M. umbratus, specimen from Juab Co., UT: 52) Median lobe; 53) Tegmen. Scale bars = 200 μm.

Figs. 54–61. Abdominal structures of female Microasydates, new genus in glycerol. Abdominal ventrites 4 and 5: 54) M. punctipennis; 55) M. santabarbara, new species; 56) M. umbratus. Sternite VIII with strut (spiculum ventrale): 57) M. punctipennis; 58) M. santabarbara, new species; 59) M. umbratus. Ovipositor: 60) M. punctipennis; 61) M. santabarbara, new species. Scale bars for Figs. 54–56 = 200 μm; for Figs. 57–61 = 500 μm.

Figs. 62–63. Distribution maps for species of Microasydates, new genus. 62) M. punctipennis (green squares), M. sanclemente, new species (red triangles), and M. santabarbara, new species (blue circles); 63) M. umbratus (black circles).

Fig. 64. Seasonalities of adult Microasydates, new genus species by month, based on collection records in the Specimens Examined sections.

Figs. 65–69. Habitats and flower hosts of adult Microasydates, new genus. 65) West Camino Cielo, Santa Ynez Mts., Santa Barbara Co., CA, July 2015 (habitat for M. santabarbara, new species and M. umbratus); 66) Yankee Canyon Dr. above Lake Isabella, Kern Co., CA, June 2018 (habitat for M. umbratus); 67) Eriogonum fasciculatum in Santa Barbara Co., CA, July 2015 (flower host for M. santabarbara, new species and M. umbratus); 68) Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus in Elko Co., NV, July 2018 (flower host for M. umbratus); 69) Trichostema lanceolatum in Stanislaus Co., CA, August 2017 (flower host for M. umbratus).

Figs. 73–75. Female paralectotype of Pristoscelis umbratus. 73) Dorsal habitus; 74) Lateral habitus; 75) Labels. Images courtesy of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (© President and Fellows of Harvard College).

Figs. 76–79. Male holotype of Trichochrous nubilatus. 76) Dorsal habitus; 77) Lateral habitus; 78) Labels; 79) Median lobe. Scale bars for Figs. 76–77 = 1 mm; for Fig. 79 = 200 μm.

Figs. 80–82. Female holotype of Trichochrous separatus. 80) Dorsal habitus; 81) Lateral habitus; 82) Labels. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 83–86. Male lectotype of Trichochrous suffusus. 83) Dorsal habitus; 84) Lateral habitus; 85) Labels;

Figs. 87–90. Male lectotype of Trichochrous testaceus. 87) Dorsal habitus; 88) Lateral habitus; 89) Labels; 90) Median lobe. Scale bars for Figs. 87–88 = 1 mm; for Fig. 90 = 200 μm.

Figs. 91–93. Male holotype of Trichochrous pratensis. 91) Dorsal habitus; 92) Lateral habitus; 93) Labels. Image credit: Rachel Diaz-Bastin, California Academy of Sciences.