Steganacarus Balogh et Balogh, 1986

Niedbała, Wojciech & Liu, Dong, 2023, Systematic, synonymic and biogeographical list of ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) in the world (1799 – 2022), Zootaxa 5265 (1), pp. 1-442 : 224-230

Australasia: Australia (New South Wales) ( Niedbała 2009b, 2012a, Niedbała et al. 2021, Subías 2022). Australasian, Australia, endemic takahashii Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) Aoki, 1980

Euphthiracarus takahashii Aoki, 1980

Euphthiracarus takahashii: Wang et al. 2002 , Chen et al. 2010, Niedbała 2011b, 2012b, Liu et al. 2012, Niedbała & Liu 2018, Liu 2021b.

Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) takahashii: Niedbała 2000 , Subías 2022.

Palaearctic: Japan. Orient: China (Taiwan) ( Aoki 1980 b, Chen et al. 2010, Liu 2021b, Niedbała 2000, 2011b, 2012b, Subías 2022, Wang et al. 2002).

Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental takensis Protoplophora Fuangarworn, 2011

Protoplophora takensis: Niedbała & Liu 2018 , Subías 2022.

Orient: Thailand (Fuangarworn 2011, Liu et al. 2013, Subías 2022).

Oriental, Thailand, endemic tamaki Notophthiracarus Liu et Zhang, 2014

Notophthiracarus tamaki: Liu & Chen 2015b , Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Hoplophthiracarus (Besuchetacarus) tamaki: Subías 2022 .

Australasia: New Zealand ( Liu & Zhang 2014e, Subías 2022).

Australasian, New Zealand, endemic tanythrix Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) Walker, 1965

Euphthiracarus tanythrix tanythrix Walker, 1965

Euphthiracarus tanythrix sierriensis Walker, 1965 syn. by Niedbała 2002a.

Euphthiracarus tanythrix: Niedbała 2002 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018 .

Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) tanythrix: Subías 2022 .

Nearctic: Canada (Ontario), USA (Tennessee, California) ( Marshall et al. 1987, Niedbała 2002a, Niedbała & Starý 2015e, Subías 2022, Walker 1965).

Nearctic, disjunctive tanythrix sierriensis Euphthiracarus Walker, 1965 = Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) tanythrix Walker, 1965 tanzicus Plonaphacarus (Mahunka, 1993)

Hoplophthiracarus (Plonaphacarus) tanzicus Mahunka, 1993

Plonaphacarus tanzicus: Niedbała 2001a , Liu et al. 2011b, Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Rhacaplacarus (Rhacaplacarus) tanzicus: Subías 2004 .

Hoplophorella (Rhacaplacarus) tanzica: Subías 2022 .

Afrotropic: Etiopia, Tanzania, Madagascar ( Balogh & Balogh 2002, Mahunka 1993d, Niedbała 2001a, 2017a, c, Niedbała & Ermilov 2014a, Subías 2022).

Afrotropical, eastern part taranaki Austrophthiracarus Liu et Zhang, 2018

Hoplophthiracarus (Calyptophthiracarus) taranaki: Subías 2022 .

Australasia: New Zealand ( Liu & Zhang 2018).

Australasian, New Zealand, endemic tardus Phthiracarus Forsslund, 1957 synonym of Phthiracarus longulus (C.L. Koch, 1841)

tashkentae Oribotritia (Oribotritia) Niedbała, 2006

Oribotritia tashkentae Niedbała, 2006

Oribotritia tashkentae: Niedbała 2011b, 2012b , Liu 2015 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Oribotritia (Oribotritia) tashkentae: Subías 2022 .

Palaearctic: Uzbekistan, Russia (Eastern Siberia, Far East) ( Niedbała 2006b, 2011b, 2012b, Subías 2022). Central Palaearctic, distributed in Transcaspia and Eastern Siberian areas tawhai Austrophthiracarus Liu et Zhang, 2013

Austrophthiracarus tawhai: Liu & Zhang 2015a, 2016a , Liu & Wu 2016, Niedbała & Liu 2018. Hoplophthiracarus (Phthirarica) tawhai: Subías 2022 .

Australasia: New Zealand ( Liu & Zhang 2013c, Subías 2022).

Australasian, New Zealand, endemic teberdaensis Oribotritia (Oribotritia) Niedbała, 2015

Oribotritia teberdaensis Niedbała, 2015

Oribotritia teberdaensis: Liu 2015 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018 .

Oribotritia (Oribotritia) teberdaensis: Subías 2022 .

Palaearctic: Russia (Caucasus) (Niedbała 2015a, Subías 2022).

Southern Palaearctic, Caucasus, endemic tenerifensis Steganacarus (Steganacarus) Pérez-Íñigo, 1972

Steganacarus tenerifensis Pérez-Íñigo, 1972

Steganacarus tenerifensis: Balogh & Mahunka 1983 .

Steganacarus (Steganacarus) tenerifensis: Niedbała 1986b, 1992 , 2001a, 2011b, 2012b, Avanzati et al. 1994, Niedbała & Liu 2018, Subías 2022.

Palaearctic: Canary Islands (Tenerife) ( Avanzati et al. 1994, Balogh & Mahunka 1983, Niedbała 1986b, 1992, 2001a, 2011b, 2012b, Pérez-Íñigo 1972, Subías 2022).

Western Palaearctic, Canary Islands, endemic tenuis Phthiracarus Hammer, 1977 synonym of Phthiracarus boresetosus Jacot, 1930

tenuiseta Steganacarus Balogh et Balogh, 1986 incertae sedis

Steganacarus tenuiseta Balogh et Balogh, 1986

Steganacarus tenuiseta: Niedbała 1992 .

Steganacarus (?) tenuiseta: Niedbała 2000 .

Steganacarus (Steganacarus) (?) tenuiseta: Niedbała & Liu 2018 .

Hoplophthiracarus tenuiseta: Subías 2004 .

Hoplophthiracarus (Steganacarellus) tenuiseta: Subías 2022 .

Australasia: Papua New Guinea ( Balogh & Balogh 1986, 2002, Niedbała 1992, 2000, 2012a, Subías 2022).

Australasian, Papua New Guinea, endemic

Note. This species certainly does not belong to the genus Steganacarus because of the arrangement of anal and adanal setae. Unfortunately, as there is no illustration or description available, it is difficult to draw definite conclusions regarding its generic placement.

teretis Oribotritia (Oribotritia) Niedbała, 1993

Oribotritia teretis Niedbała, 1993

Oribotritia teretis: Niedbała 2000 , Subías 2004, Liu & Zhang 2013a, Liu 2015a, 2016b, Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Oribotritia (Oribotritia) teretis: Subías 2022 .

Australasia: New Zealand ( Niedbała 1993b, 2000, 2012a, Subías 2022).

Australasian, New Zealand, endemic terrapene Atropacarus (Atropacarus) ( Jacot, 1937)

Steganacarus terrapene Jacot, 1937

Atropacarus terrapene: Kamill & Baker 1980 , Mahunka 1995a, Subías 2004.

Atropacarus (Atropacarus) terrapene: Niedbała 1986b, 1992 , 2002 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018, Subías 2022). Nearctic: USA (New York, Illinois, Tennessee, West Virginia) ( Jacot 1937, 1938, Kamill & Baker 1980, Mahunka 1995a, Marshall et al. 1987, Niedbała 1986b, 1992, 2002a, Niedbała & Starý 2015e, Subías 2022).

Nearctic, central-eastern part tesselatus Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) Niedbała, 2003

Euphthiracarus tesselatus Niedbała, 2003

Euphthiracarus tesselatus: Niedbała & Liu 2018 .

Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) tesselatus: Niedbała 2004a, 2008e , Subías 2022).

Neotropic: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama ( Niedbała 2003a, 2004a, 2008e, Subías 2022). Neotropical, Mesoamerica testacea Mesotritia Forsslund, 1963 (in Forsslund & Märkel 1963) synonym of Mesotritia flagelliformis (Ewing, 1909)

testudinea Hoplophora C.L. Koch, 1841 species inquirenda

Hoplophora testudinea: Oudemans 1937 , Niedbała 2011b, Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Phthiracarus testudineus: Balogh & Mahunka 1980a .

Phthiracarus (Phthiracarus) testudineus: Subías 2004 .

Palaearctic: Germany ( Balogh & Mahunka 1983, Subías 2022).

Note. Subías (2022) considered this species as congeneric with Phthiracarus ferrugineus (C.L. Koch, 1841) . See note of P. ferrugineus .

tetradis Indotritia (Indotritia) Niedbała, 2004

Indotritia tetradis Niedbała, 2004

Indotritia tetradis: Niedbała & Liu 2018 .

Indotritia (Indotritia) tetradis: Liu 2015c , Subías 2022.

Neotropic: Chile ( Niedbała 2004a, Subías 2022).

Neotropical, Chile, endemic texanus Protophthiracarus Niedbała, 2002

Protophthiracarus texanus Niedbała, 2002 : Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Notophthiracarus (Calyptophthiracarus) texanus: Subías 2004 .

Hoplophorella (Hoplophorella) texana: Subías 2022 .

Nearctic: USA (Texas) ( Niedbała 2002a, Subías 2022).

Nearctic, USA, endemic thaiensis Phthiracarus Mahunka, 2008

Phthiracarus thaiensis: Niedbała & Liu 2018 .

Phthiracarus (Archiphthiracarus) thaiensis: Subías 2022 .

Orient: Thailand ( Mahunka 2008a, Subías 2022).

Oriental, Thailand, endemic thoreaui Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) Jacot, 1930

Steganacarus thoreaui Jacot, 1930

Hoplophorella thoreaui: Marshall et al. 1987 .

Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) thoreaui: Niedbała 1986b, 1992 , 2001b, 2002 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018. Rhacaplacarus (Rhacaplacarus) thoreaui: Subías 2004 .

Hoplophorella (Rhacaplacarus) thoreaui: Subías 2022 .

Nearctic: Canada (North-West Territories, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia ), USA (Connecticut, Maine, New York, Texas, Michigan, Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, West Virginia, Mississippi, Tennessee, North Carolina, Florida) ( Jacot 1930, 1938, Marshall et al. 1987, Niedbała 1986b, 1992, 2001b, 2002a, Niedbała & Starý 2015e, Subías 2022).

Nearctic, broad, continuous thorntonensis Notophthiracarus Niedbała et Penttinen, 2007

Notophthiracarus thorntonensis: Liu & Zhang 2014 d, Niedbała & Liu 2018 .

Phthiracarus (Archiphthiracarus) thorntonensis: Subías 2022 .

Australasia: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) ( Niedbała 2012 a, 2014b, Niedbała & Penttinen 2007, Subías 2022).

Australasian, eastern part of Australia tianmuensis Sabahtritia ( Hu, Wang et Aoki, 1991)

Synichotritia tiamuensis Hu, Wang et Aoki, 1991 (lapsus linguae)

Synichotritia tiamuensis (lapsus linguae): Niedbała 2000.

Synichotritia tianmuensis: Wang et al. 2002 .

Sabahtritia tianmuensis: Liu & Chen 2009 , Chen et al. 2010, Niedbała & Liu 2018, Liu 2021b, Subías 2022.

Orient: China (Zhejiang) ( Chen et al. 2010, Hu et al. 1991, Liu 2021b, Lions & Norton 1998, Niedbała 2000, Subías 2022, Wang et al. 2002).

Oriental, China, endemic

Note. The correct spelling “ tianmuensis ” occurs in the abstract (English and Japaness), key and legend of figures, but the single lapsus “ tiamuensis ” is present in the headline of the description.

tibetensis Acrotritia Liu et Chen, 2015

Acrotritia tibetensis: Liu 2015d, 2021b , Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Palaearctic: China (Tibet) (Liu 2021b, Liu & Chen 2015, Subías 2022).

Southern Palaearctic , Tibet, endemic

Note. Subías (2022) considered this species as congeneric with A. vestita ( Berlese, 1913) . However, it differs from A. vestita by the following features: (1) surface of body distinctly foveolate (versus punctate in A. vestita ); (2) prodorsum with long lateral carinae bifurcated at insertion level of lamellar setae (versus lateral carinae shorter and bifurcated anterior to insertion level of lamellar setae); (3) trichobothria with flat and truncate head (versus with slightly swollen head).

timah Bukitritia Mahunka, 1990

Bukitritia timah: Mahunka 1998a, 1999b , Niedbała 2000, 2001a, 2004 d, Niedbała & Liu 2018, Subías 2022.

Orient: Singapore. Afrotropic: Madagascar ( Balogh & Balogh 2002, Mahunka 1990a, 1998a, 1999b, 2002, Niedbała 2000, 2001a, 2004d, 2017a, Subías 2022).

Oriental and Afrotropical tinctus Arphthicarus Niedbała, 2000

Arphthicarus tinctus: Liu & Zhang 2015c , Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Notophthiracarus (Notophthiracarus) tinctus: Subías 2004 .

Hoplophthiracarus (Notophthiracarus) tinctus: Subías 2022 .

Australasia: New Caledonia ( Niedbała 2000, 2012a, Subías 2022).

Australasian, New Caledonia, endemic tiwi Oribotritia (Oribotritia) Mahunka, 1987

Oribotritia tiwi Mahunka, 1987

Oribotritia tiwi: Niedbała 1998 a, 2001a, 2004 d , 2010a, Subías 2004, Liu 2015 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018. Oribotritia (Oribotritia) tiwi: Subías 2022 .

Afrotropic: Kenya, Seychelles, Aldabra Island, Comoro Islands, Madagascar ( Balogh & Balogh 2002, Mahunka 1987b, 2002, Niedbała 1998 a, 2001a, 2004 d, 2010a, 2017a, Subías 2022).

Afrotropical, eastern part tohivea Notophthiracarus Niedbała, 1998

Notophthiracarus tohivea: Niedbała 2007a , Niedbała & Penttinen 2007, Chen et al. 2010, Liu & Chen 2013, Niedbała & Liu 2018, Liu 2021b.

Notophthiracarus (Notophthiracarus) tohivea: Subías 2004

Hoplophthiracarus (Notophthiracarus) tohivea: Subías 2022 .

Orient: China (Taiwan). Australasia: Society Islands (Moorea), Marquesas Islands ( Balogh & Balogh 2002, Chen et al. 2010, Liu 2021b, Niedbała 1998b, 2007a, 2012a, Niedbała & Penttinen 2007, Subías 2022). Oriental, China (Taiwan) and Australasian, Pacific Islands tokukoae Oribotritia (Oribotritia) Aoki, 1973

Oribotritia tokukoae Aoki, 1973

Oribotritia tokukoae: Aoki 1980 a, Balogh & Mahunka 1983 , Niedbała 2000, 2011b, 2012b, Wang et al. 2002, Subías 2004, Chen et al. 2010, Liu 2015a, 2021b, Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Oribotritia (Oribotritia) tokukoae: Subías 2022 .

Palaearctic: China (Jilin), Japan ( Aoki 1973, 1980 a, Balogh & Mahunka 1983, Chen et al. 2010, Liu 2021b, Niedbała 2000, 2011b, 2012b, Ryabinin et al. 2018, Subías 2022, Wang et al. 2002, Wen 1990).

Eastern Palaearctic, China, endemic toolangiensis Plonaphacarus Niedbała, 2006

Plonaphacarus toolangiensis: Liu et al. 2011b , Liu & Zhang 2015c, Niedbała & Liu 2018. Hoplophthiracarus (Hoplophthiracarus) toolangiensis: Subías 2022 .

Australasia: Australia (Victoria) ( Niedbała 2006d, 2012a, Subías 2022).

Australasian, Australia, endemic torosus Phthiracarus Willmann, 1939 species inquirenda, incertae sedis

Phthiracarus torosus: Niedbała 1986b, 1992 , 2011b, Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Archiphthiracarus torosus: Balogh & Mahunka 1983 .

Phthiracarus (Archiphthiracarus) torosus: Subías 2022 .

Palaearctic: Madeira ( Balogh & Mahunka 1983, Niedbała 1986b, 1992, Subías 2022, Willmann 1939). Palaearctic, Madeira, endemic

Note. Species seems highly improbable. It is very similar to P. membranifer (size of trichobothria, length and size of prodorsal and notogastral setae). However, the notogaster with an anterior collar and clear median ridge running along the whole dorsal side of notogaster, as well the arrangement of genital setae, the ratio of the lengths of setae on anoadanal plates, seem a bit strange.

totus Phthiracarus Niedbała, 2003

Phthiracarus totus: Niedbała 2004a, 2008e , Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Phthiracarus (Archiphthiracarus) totus: Subías 2022 .

Neotropic: Costa Rica, Brazil ( Niedbała 2003a, 2004a, 2008e, Oliveira 2004, Oliveira et al. 2017, Subías 2022).

Neotropical, Mesoamerica and Guyano-Brasilian tragardhi Austrophthiracarus ( Niedbała, 1987)

Calyptophthiracarus tragardhi Niedbała, 1987

Calyptophthiracarus tragardhi: Niedbała 1992 .

Austrophthiracarus tragardhi: Niedbała 1994a, 2000 , Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Austrophthiracarus traegardhi (lapsus linguae): Niedbała 2006 d, Liu & Zhang 2016a.

Notophthiracarus (Phthirarica) traegardhi (lapsus linguae): Subías 2004.

Hoplophthiracarus (Phthirarica) traegardhi (lapsus linguae): Subías 2022.

Australasia: Australia (Victoria) ( Balogh & Balogh 2002, Niedbała 1987, 1992, 2000, 2006d, 2012a, Subías 2022).

Australasian, Australia, endemic translucida Oribotritia Sellnick, 1931 species inquirenda, incertae sedis

Oribotritia translucida Sellnick, 1931

Oribotritia translucida: Niedbała & Liu 2018 .

Palaearctic: Russia (Kaliningradskaia Oblast) ( Sellnick 1931a).

Note. Found in amber.

trapezoides Austrophthiracarus Fuangarworn et Lekprayoon, 2011

Austrophthiracarus trapezoides: Liu & Zhang 2016 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018 .

Hoplophthiracarus (Notophthiracarus) trapezoides: Subías 2022 .

Orient: Thailand ( Fuangarworn & Lekprayoon 2011, Liu et al. 2013, Subías 2022).

Oriental, Thailand, endemic travei Steganacarus (Steganacarus) Lions, 1968

Steganacarus travei Lions, 1968

Steganacarus travei: Balogh & Mahunka 1980 a, 1983 .

Steganacarus (Steganacarus) travei: Niedbała 1986b, 1992 , 2011b, 2012b, Avanzati et al. 1995, Subías 2004, Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Steganacarus (Tropacarus) travei: Subías 2022 .

Palaearctic: France, Italy ( Avanzati et al. 1995, Balogh & Mahunka 1980 a, 1983, Lions 1968, Niedbała 1986b, 1992, 2011b, 2012b, Subías 2022).

Western Palaearctic, distributed in Atlanto-Mediterranean subregion trentus Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) (Mahunka, 1983)

Pocsia trenta Mahunka, 1983

Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) trentus: Niedbała 1998a , Subías 2022.

Afrotropic: Tanzania ( Balogh & Balogh 2002, Mahunka 1983a, Niedbała 1998 a, 2014a, 2017c, Subías 2022).

Afrotropical, Tanzania, endemic triangularibus Prototritia Niedbała, 2015

Prototritia triangularibus: Niedbała & Ermilov 2015 , Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Prototritia (Prototritia) triangularibus: Subías 2022 .

Neotropic: Antilles ( Cuba) ( Niedbała & Ermilov 2015, Subías 2022).

Neotropical, Cuba, endemic tricarinata Indotritia (Indotritia) Niedbała, 2006

Indotritia tricarinata Niedbała, 2006

Indotritia tricarinata: Niedbała 2011b, 2012b , Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Indotritia (Indotritia) tricarinata: Liu 2015c , Subías 2022.

Palaearctic: Slovenia ( Mahunka et al. 2013, Niedbała 2006b, 2011b, 2012b, Subías 2022).

Western Palaearctic, Slovenia, endemic tricarinatus Austrophthiracarus (Niedbała, 1988)

Calyptophthiracarus tricarinatus Niedbała, 1988

Calyptophthiracarus tricarinatus: Niedbała 1992 .

Austrophthiracarus tricarinatus: Niedbała 1994a, 2004a , Liu & Zhang 2016 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018. Notophthiracarus (Besuchetacarus) tricarinatus: Subías 2004 .

Hoplophthiracarus (Besuchetacarus) tricarinatus: Subías 2022 .

Neotropic: Brazil ( Niedbała 1988 g, 1992, 2004 a, Oliveira 2004, Oliveira et al. 2017, Subías 2022). Neotropical, Brazil, endemic trichosus Arphthicarus (Mahunka, 1988)

Hoplophthiracarus trichosus Mahunka, 1988

Hoplophthiracarus trichosus: Niedbała 1992 .

Calyptophthiracarus trichosus: Mahunka 1992 .

Arphthicarus trichosus: Niedbała 2001a, 2004 d , Niedbała & Liu 2018.

Notophthiracarus (Notophthiracarus) trichosus: Subías 2004 .

Hoplophthiracarus (Notophthiracarus) trichosus: Subías 2022 .

Afrotropic: Mauritius ( Balogh & Balogh 2002, Mahunka 1988b, 1992, Niedbała 1992, 2001a, 2004d, 2017a, Subías 2022).

Afrotropical, Mauritius, endemic trichosus Steganacarus Mahunka, 1982 synonym of Atropacarus (Atropacarus) striculus (C.L. Koch, 1836) tripartita Indotritia (Indotritia) Niedbała, 1998

Indotritia tripartita Niedbała, 1998

Indotritia (Indotritia) tripartita: Niedbała 2001a, 2004d , Liu 2015c, Niedbała & Liu 2018, Subías 2022. Afrotropic: Comoro Islands ( Balogh & Balogh 2002, Niedbała 1998 a, 2001a, 2004d, 2017a, Subías 2022).

Afrotropical, Comoro Islands, endemic tripartitus Notophthiracarus Niedbała, 1989

Notophthiracarus tripartitus: Niedbała 1992, 2000 , Liu & Zhang 2013d, 2015b, Niedbała & Liu 2018. Notophthiracarus (Notophthiracarus) tripartitus: Subías 2004 .

Hoplophthiracarus (Besuchetacarus) tripartitus: Subías 2022 .

Australasia: New Zealand ( Balogh & Balogh 2002, Niedbała 1989b, 1992, 2000, 2012a, Subías 2022). Australasian, New Zealand, endemic tripartitus Protophthiracarus Niedbała et Schatz, 1996

Protophthiracarus tripartitus: Niedbała 2004 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018 .

Hoplophorella (Hoplophorella) tripartita: Subías 2022 .

Neotropic: Belize ( Niedbała 2004a, Niedbała & Schatz 1996, Subías 2022).

Neotropical, Belize, endemic triquetra Apoplophora Niedbała, 2004

Apoplophora triquetra: Liu et al. 2009a , Liu 2016 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018, Subías 2022.

Orient: Malaysia ( Sarawak) ( Niedbała 2004c, Subías 2022).

Oriental, Malaysia, endemic triseta Apoplophora Mahunka 1991 synonym of Apoplophora marcuardi Mahunka, 1991

trisetosa Oribotritia (Oribotritia) Niedbała et Schatz, 1996

Oribotritia trisetosa Niedbała et Schatz, 1996

Oribotritia trisetosa: Niedbała 2003a, 2004a , 2008e, Subías 2004, Liu 2015 a, Niedbała & Liu 2018. Oribotritia (Oribotritia) trisetosa: Subías 2022 .

Neotropic: Cocos Island, Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama ( Niedbała 2003a, 2004a, 2008e, Niedbała & Schatz 1996, Subías 2022).