Euura brevivalvis (Thomson, 1871)

Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew & Mutanen, Marko, 2021, Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84, pp. 187-269 : 187

Euura brevivalvis (Thomson, 1871)

Figs 5F, J, K , 8D , 10E, I , 11D, E , 14 , 23

Nematus brevivalvis Thomson, 1871: 151-152. Type locality: Sweden, Dalarna alpina. LT designated below.

Pteronus kriegeri Konow, 1903a: 310 (key). Type locality: Germany, Saxony, Dorneichenbach..LT designated by Koch (2000).

Amauronematus spurcus Konow, 1904: 261. Type locality: northern Russia. LT designated below.

Pteronidea absimilis Lindqvist, 1949: 79-80. Type locality: Finland, Pihtipudas (HT).

Pteronidea woollatti Lindqvist, 1971: 11-12. Type locality: Finland, Kilpisjärvi (HT). Syn. nov.

Nematus turgaiensis Safjanov, 1977: 98-103. Type locality: Russia, southern Kulunda steppe (ST). Syn. nov.

Similar species.

Most similar species are E. viridis , E. dispar , and E. glutinosae , from which it differs by having a shorter valvula 3 and lancet. Males distinguishable from other species by distinct penis valves.

Genetic data.

COI. Based on 13 specimens, maximum within species distance is 3.19% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0%, are Euura dispar , Euura viridis , and possibly Euura glutinosae . BINs: BOLD:AEC8057, BOLD:ABZ5797, BOLD:ACF5540 (main cluster).

Nuclear. Based on 10 (only NaK) or 8 (NaK and POL2) specimens, maximum within species distance is 1.09% (only NaK) or 0.92% (NaK and POL2) and 0.12% based on haplotypes of individual females. The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0% (only NaK) or 0.41% (NaK and POL2), is Euura viridis . The 0% distance between Euura viridis and Euura brevivalvis for NaK is because one of the haplotypes of one female of Euura viridis (ZMUO.030835) isidentical to several Euura brevivalvis specimens.

Host plants and behaviour.

Hosts: Betula species, B. pendula ( Ermolenko and Fedoryak 1988), B. pubescens including var. pumila ( Kangas 1985; Lahtinen et al. 2006), Betula nana (this study and unpublished rearing results by V. Vikberg). In Kazakhstan and southern Siberia males are respectively very rare or scarce ( Safjanov 1977; Ermolenko and Fedoryak 1988), although they are common in northern Europe ( Liston et al. 2020). One generation per year ( Safjanov 1977; Macek et al. 2020).

Distribution.

Palaearctic ( Ermolenko and Fedoryak 1988; Taeger et al. 2006; Sundukov 2017). Specimens studied are from Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Russia, and Sweden.

Type material.

Nematus brevivalvis Thomson, 1871. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, DEI-GISHym88904, MZLU. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling. This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003).

Pteronus kriegeri Konow, 1903a. LT, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3847, SDEI. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling, and in his “Diskussion” (p. 134) validly designated it.

Amauronematus spurcus Konow, 1904. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3848, SDEI. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling, together with a female paralectotype. This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003).

Pteronidea absimilis Lindqvist, 1949. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3465, MZH.

Pteronidea woollatti Lindqvist, 1971. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.9217, MZH. Slide preparation PR.605VV of saw by V. Vikberg. The paratype ♂ is E. sylvestris (http://id.luomus.fi/GL.9216; slide preparation PR.606VV of penis valve by V. Vikberg).

Figures

Fig ure 5. Characters of Euura hypoxantha, Euura bergmanni and Euura oligospila groups, females A Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84738 B Euura leptocephalus ZMUO. 033448 C Euura lienterica DEI-GISHym 21362 D Euura reticulata ZMUO. 033533 E Euura hypoxantha ZMUO. 035686 F Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 31135 G Euura viridis ZMUO. 035636 H Euura frenalis ZMUO. 035931 I Euura leptocephalus ZMUO. 033448 J Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 84214 K Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 84214 L Euura oligospila ZMUO. 040699 M Euura bergmanni ZMUO. 033423 N Euura bergmanni ZMUO. 040825 O Euura viridis ZMUO. 035636 P Euura sylvestris ZMUO. 038944 Q Euura respondens http: // coll. mfn-berlin. de / u / 111027 R Euura bergmanni DEI-GISHym 31138 S Euura sylvestris DEI-GISHym 21351 T Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 88899.

Figure 8. Lancets of Euura bergmanni group. A Euura dispar DEI-GISHym 84146 B Euura viridis DEI-GISHym 21364 C Euura glutinosae DEI-GISHym 80498 D Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 31135.

Fig ure 10. Characters of Euura bergmanni and Euura oligospila groups, males. A Euura respondens DEI-GISHym 84697 B Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84695 C Euura frenalis ZMUO. 033184 D Euura viridis DEI-GISHym 84547 E Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 11624 F Euura bergmanni DEI-GISHym 84689 G Euura respondens DEI-GISHym 84697 H Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84695 I Euura brevivalvis ZMUO. 039090 J Euura bergmanni DEI-GISHym 84689 K Euura sylvestris ZMUO. 035654 L Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84695.

Figure 11. Penis valves of Euura bergmanni group. A Euura bergmanni ZMUO. 032583 B Euura dispar DEI-GISHym 88519 C Euura viridis ZMUO. 030834 D Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 84227 E Euura brevivalvis ZMUO. 030870 F Euura sylvestris DEI-GISHym 83594 G Euura sylvestris ZMUO. 033416 H Euura glutinosae DEI-GISHym 84096 I Euura leptocephalus DEI-GISHym 88730 J Euura respondens DEI-GISHym 12514.

Figure 14. Euura brevivalvis adults. Females ZMUO. 039726 (A, B) and ZMUO. 035558 (C, D), male ZMUO. 039090 (E, F).

Figure 23. Euura brevivalvis larvae. A-D Finland 2019 Betula pubescens E DEI-GISHym 83698 Sweden 2017 Betula nana F DEI-GISHym 83696 Sweden 2017 Betula nana.