Phyllomya annularis ( Villeneuve, 1937 )

Shima, Hiroshi, Zhang, Wenxia & Tachi, Takuji, 2022, A systematic study of Old World Phyllomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae), Zootaxa 5099 (4), pp. 401-449 : 408-410

Phyllomya annularis ( Villeneuve, 1937)

( Figs 5 , 8 , 14 , 23 , 57 , 74 , 102 , 127–128 )

Macquartia annularis Villeneuve, 1937: 9 . Lectotype male (USNM, examined), by designation of Crosskey (1976). Type locality: China, Sichuan (as “Szechuen”).

Gibsonomyia annularis: Mesnil 1975: 1351 (revision of Palearctic spp.); Crosskey 1976: 73, 189 (conspectus of Oriental tachinids).

Phyllomya annularis: Herting 1984: 155 (Palearctic catalog); Shima & Chao 1992: 640 (tachinids of Yunnan); Herting & Dely-Draskovits 1993: 387 (Palearctic catalog); Richter 2004: 368 (tachinids of Russian Far East); O’Hara et al. 2009: 41 (Chinese catalog).

Diagnosis. Body rather short and black; head holoptic in male, dichoptic in female with 2 proclinate orbital setae; eye rather densely haired; all body hairs black; costa bare above and haired below; palpus black; 2 presutural dorsocentral setae; 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; 2 katepisternal setae; mid tibia with 3 anterodorsal setae; hind tibia with 3 preapical dorsal setae; claws and pulvilli long in male, short in female; abdomen with a complete row of discal setae on 3rd to 5th tergites.

Redescription. Body length: 5.5–10 mm.

Male. Head holoptic, black in ground color, with dense, silvery-gray pruinosity, pruinosity dark gray on occiput; antenna black except dark brown arista; palpus black. Eyes very close to each other and fronto-orbital plate obliterated to a narrow stripe on upper 1/3. Head nearly holoptic, frons at narrowest point about 1/18 of head width; face short, about 3/5 as long as frons in profile; parafacial wide, about 3 times as wide as postpedicel; gena 1/3–2/5 of eye height. Inner vertical seta fine, about 1/2 as long as eye height; prevertical and proclinate orbital setae absent; 10–12 frontal setae on lower 3/5 of fronto-orbital plate, lowest seta nearly level with base of scape; fronto-orbital plate with dense, fine, long, black hairs on lower 3/5; parafacial with 3–4 rows of dense, long black hairs that descend to level of lower eye margin; gena with 2–3 rows of fine, long hairs on lower 1/3; occiput with dense, black hairs, pale yellowish white hairs confined to posteromedian and ventral portions. Base of antenna nearly level with lower 1/3 of eye height; antenna falling short of lower margin of face by about length of pedicel; pedicel with a long seta as long as postpedicel; postpedicel about 3 times as long as pedicel; arista rather short plumose, total width including plumosity less than 4/5 of width of postpedicel. Palpus slightly longer than postpedicel. Eye with rather dense, fine, long hairs.

Thorax black in ground color, with grayish-white pruinosity on dorsal portion of postpronotal lobe and notopleural area, a narrow, thin, grayish transverse band visible on anterior portion of transverse suture and longitudinal vitta between rows of presutural acrostichal and dorsocentral setae, transverse band interrupted at mid-dorsally. One presutural and 1–2 postsutural acrostichal setae; 2 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; 2 katepisternal setae; scutellum with 3 pairs of marginal setae, basal setae about twice as long as scutellum, subapical setae about 2.5 times as long as scutellum and apical setae slightly shorter than basal setae. Wing hyaline, tinged with pale brown on costal cell, subcostal cell, median basal and basal cells; lower calypter pale yellowish-white, broadly emarginated with pale yellowish-brown; costal spine only slightly longer than normal costal setae; costa bare above and haired below; relative lengths of costal sectors 2, 3 and 4 approximately 2:6:2.5; bend of vein M 1 2 times closer to wing margin than to dm-cu crossvein; last section of vein CuA 1 slightly less than 2/3 as long as dm-cu crossvein. Legs black, coxae with rather thin, grayish-white pruinosity; fore tibia with a row of anterodorsal setae and 2 posterior setae; mid tibia with 3 anterodorsal, 2 posterodorsal and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 3 preapical dorsal setae; claws and pulvilli elongate, fore claws and pulvilli longer than 5th tarsomere.

Abdomen fusiform, black in ground color, 3rd to 5th tergites each with a dense whitish band of pruinosity on anterior 1/2–2/5, the pruinose band broadly interrupted mid-dorsally. Syntergite 1+2 with 2 median discal, 2–3 lateral discal and a row of marginal setae; 3rd to 5th tergites with a row of strong discal and marginal setae; 5th sternite with postero-interior corner of posterior lobe sharply pointed. Terminalia: Sixth tergite entire, concave on anterior margin, with a few setae on posterior margin; surstylus broad, weakly narrowed to apex in lateral view, with long hairs; pregonite flat; basiphallus slightly shorter than distiphallus; postgonite not extending beyond apex of epiphallus; cerci in dorsal view broad basally and strongly narrowed at basal 1/3, then weakly narrowed to apex, narrowly separated along apical 1/6, in lateral view well curved ventrally along apical 3/4, apex straight; dorsal sclerite of distiphallus weakly curved dorsally at apex, distal membranous portion slightly shorter than basal portion.

Female. Differing from male as follows: Head dichoptic; eye more sparsely haired; vertex about 2/7 of head width; frontal vitta subequal in width to fronto-orbital plate at middle; parafacial about 2/3 as long as frons in profile; gena 2/5–4/9 of eye height; inner vertical seta almost 2/3 as long as eye height; outer vertical seta developed, about 2/3 as long as inner vertical seta; 1 outwardly directed prevertical seta, subequal in length to outer vertical seta; 2 proclinate orbital setae, anterior seta stronger than posterior seta, slightly shorter than inner vertical seta; ocellar setae fine, slightly shorter than outer vertical seta; 6–10 frontal setae; fronto-orbital plate with 1–2 rows of short fine hairs outside row of frontal setae; parafacial with short hairs; eye with more sparse hairs; mid tibia with 4–5 anterodorsal and 2 ventral setae, upper ventral seta fine; claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; abdomen shiny black, anterolateral portion of 3rd and 4th tergites with very thin, whitish pruinosity. Terminalia: 6th tergite narrowly divided into hemitergites, with a few submarginal setae and a row of marginal setae, about 1.5 times as long as 7th tergite; 6th sternite with a row of marginal setae; 7th tergite separated into hemitergites, with a row of marginal setae; 7th sternite slightly shorter than 6th sternite, with a row of marginal setae; 8th hemitergite separated from hypoproct.

Description of first instar larva. Body length 0.9–1.0 mm; cephaloskeleton rather narrow on anterior 1/2, rather widely convex along dorsal 1/ 2 in lateral view; 2nd thoracic segment without anterodorsal spinules; 2nd to 7th abdominal segments each with 4–5 posteroventral rows of spinules, without anterodorsal rows of spinules; 7th abdominal segment without posterodorsal rows of spinules.

Type material examined. Lectotype ♂ (by designation of Crosskey, 1976): Szechuen [= Sichuan] / China // D. C. Graham / col. ( USNM).

Additional material examined. China, Jilin: 23 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, Changbaishan , 1900–2300 m, 9.viii.2004, H. Shima ; 2 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀, Nanchangbaishan , 1400–1700 m, 11.viii.2004, H. Shima ; Sichuan: 1 ♂, Jiuzhaigou , Xue- shankou, 3400 m, 31.vii.1993, H. Shima ; 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Songfan, Huanlong , 3000 m, 5–7.viii.1993, H. Shima & T. Naitoh ; 2 ♂♂, Songfan, Huansheng , 3100 m., 8.viii.1993, H. Shima ; 4 ♀♀, Kanding, Yulin , 3000 m, 20.viii.1993, X. Lin & W. Zhang ; 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀, Kanding, Zheduo Shan , 4000 m, 21.viii.1993, H. Shima & W. Zhang ; 8 ♀♀, Kand- ing, Xingdu Qiao , 3700 m, 22.viii.1993, H. Shima ; Xizang: 1 ♂, Markam, Haitong , 3250 m, 9.viii.1982, H. Chai. [All KUM]

Distribution. China (Jilin, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan).

Remarks. In general, this species resembles P. gymnops ( Villeneuve, 1937) ; adults of both species occur almost simultaneously in Sichuan, though P. gymnops seems to appear slightly later. This species is easily distinguished from P. gymnops by mesonotum with 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae, palpus darkened and eyes hairy. Specimens of P. annularis from the northeasternmost district of China, Changbaishan, have a narrower gena than those from Sichuan. This is treated here as intraspecific variation, because we cannot find any other differences among specimens from both areas.

Figures

FIGURES 3–7. Male terminalia of Phyllomya spp. 3. Epandrial structure of P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima), ventral view; bs = bacilliform sclerite. 4. 6th tergite, 6th sternite and syntergosternite 7+8 of P. albipila Shima & Chao, lateral view. 5. 6th tergite and syntergosternite 7+8 of P. annularis (Villeneuve), dorsal view. 6. 5th sternite, 6th tergite and syntergosternite 7+8 of P. rufiventris Shima & Chao, lateral view. 7. Same, P. elegans Villeneuve. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 8–11. Female terminalia of Phyllomya spp., lateral view. 8. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 9. P. arctogena Shima & Tachi, sp. nov. 10. P. chaoi Shima & Zhang, sp. nov. 11. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 12–20. Epandrium, surstylus and cerci of Phyllomya spp., lateral view. 12. P. albipila Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 13. P. angusta Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 14. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 15. P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima) (after Mesnil & Shima 1978). 16. P. elegans Villeneuve. 17. P. formosana Shima (after Shima 1988). 18. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey. 19. P. gymnops (Villeneuve). 20. P. humilis Shima (after Shima 1988). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 21–29. Epandrium, surstylus and cerci of Phyllomya spp., dorsal view. 21. P. albipila Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 22. P. angusta Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 23. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 24. P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima) (after Mesnil & Shima 1978). 25. P. elegans Villeneuve. 26. P. formosana Shima (after Shima 1988). 27. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey. 28. P. gymnops (Villeneuve). 29. P. humilis Shima (after Shima 1988). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 55–58. Hypandrium, pre- and postgonite and phallus of Phyllomya spp., lateral view. 55. P. albipila Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 56. P. angusta Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 57. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 58. P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima) (after Mesnil & Shima 1978). Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 73–78. Male 5th sternite of Phyllomya spp., ventral view. 73. P. albipila Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 74. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 75. P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima) (after Mesnil & Shima 1978). 76. P. elegans Villeneuve. 77. P. formosana Shima (after Shima 1988). 78. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 101–111. Adult habitus/male head of Phyllomya spp., left lateral view. 101. P. albipila Shima & Chao. 102. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 103–104. P. arctogena Shima & Tachi, sp. nov. 105. P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima). 106–107. P. chaoi Shima & Zhang, sp. nov. 108. P. elegans Villeneuve. 109. P. formosana Shima. 110. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey (female). 111. P. gymnops (Villeneuve).

FIGURES 127–138. First instar larva and cephaloskeleton of Phyllomya spp., lateral view. 127–128. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 129–130. P. arctogena Shima & Tachi, sp. nov. 131–132. P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima). 133–134. P. chaoi Shima & Zhang, sp. nov. 135–136. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey. 137–138. P. gymnops (Villeneuve).Abbreviations: T2 and T3 = thoracic segments 2 and 3. A1 to A7 = abdominal segments 1 to 7.