Protoperidinium steinii (Jörgensen) Balech 1974

Krakhmalnyi, Aleksandr F., Krakhmalnyi, Maxim A., Terenko, Galyna V. & Goncharenko, Igor V., 2023, Dominant Species Of The Genus Protoperidinium Bergh (Peridiniales: Protoperidiniaceae) In The Black Sea, Zootaxa 5339 (5), pp. 427-448 : 442

Protoperidinium steinii (Jörgensen) Balech 1974 . Rev. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. “ B. Rivadavia ”, Hydrobiologia 4 (1): 63. ( Figs. 65–76 ) .

References: Jörgensen 1899: 38; Paulsen 1908: 47, Fig. 58 ; Lebour 1925: 125, Pl. XXV: 125, 4 a-d; Schiller 1937: 197, Fig. 192 a–h; Kiselew 1950: 184, Fig. 304 a–g; Wood 1968: 109, Fig. 329; Taylor 1976: 159, Pl. 32: 349 a–b (as Peridinium steinii ); Dodge 1982: 199, Fig. 23 C ; Dodge 1985: 65; Konovalova & Selina 2010: 151, Table XX, 5 a–b; XV, 7, 8; Krakhmalnyi 2011: 207, Table 91, 1–14; Yamani & Saburova 2019: 328, Pl. 177.

Basionym: Peridinium steinii Jörgensen 1899 . Bergens Museum Aarbog 6: 38.

Synonyms: Peridinium michaelis Stein 1883 , P. steinii Jörgensen 1889 .

Description: Cells pear-shaped, with concave lateral sides, slightly compressed in the cross-section. The epitheca gradually tapering into a narrow apical horn. The apical pore structure of Bʹ– type ( Toriumi & Dodge 1993). The epithecal plate pattern comprises seven precingular plates (7ʹʹ), four apical plates (4ʹ), three anterior intercalary plates (3a), 1ʹ plate – “meta”, 2a – “penta”. The thecal surface reticulated. The cingulum median or slightly post-median, ascending (displaced by 0.5–1.0 cingular width), bears lists. The sulcus straight, shallow, with well-developed left list. The hypotheca hemispherical with two antapical spines bearing developed lists. Dimensions: 50.6–67.2 μm long and 29.4–39.6 μm wide.

Distribution: Coastal and oceanic species, widely distributed in temperate to tropical waters; cosmopolitan ( Al-Yamani & Saburova 2019; Krakhmalnyi 2011). Data on the distribution of P. steinii are given from the GBIF. org (2022) ( Fig. 97 ).

Figures

FIGURES 65–76. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 65–76—P. steinii. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 66–68—DIC; 69–76—epifluorescence; 65—transmitted light. Scale bars: 20 µm.

FIGURES 47–58. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 47–52—P. pellucidum; 53–54—P. subinerme; 55—P. solidicorne; 56– 57—P. pyriforme; 58—P. pentagonum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. Hypothecal pore in plate 1ʹʹʹ is marked with an arrow (47, 50). 47–49—DIC; 50–52, 56–58—epifluorescence; 53–55—transmitted light. Scale bars: 47–54 = 10 µm; 55–58 = 20 µm.

FIGURES 23–34. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 23–31—P. divergens; 32—P. conicum; 33—P. knipowitschii; 34—P. granii. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 24, 34—DIC; 25–28—epifluorescence; 29–31—FE- SEM; 23, 32–33—transmitted light. Scale bars: 20 µm.

FIGURES 95–98. Global distribution maps of some Protoperidinium species. 95—P. oblongum; 96—P. solidicorne; 97—P. steinii; 98—P. subinerme.