Rhagada solorensis (Martens, 1863)

Köhler, Frank, 2014, On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62, pp. 115-123 : 118

Rhagada solorensis (Martens, 1863)

Helix solorensis Martens, 1863: 179 (from ‘Lamakera, Solor’, 8° 25' 60" S, 123° 10' 00" E; nine syntypes ZMB Moll. 5587, not seen). Helix (Rhagada) solorensis – Martens, 1891: 235.

Rhagada solorensis solorensis – Rensch, 1931: 95, Maassen, 2009: 66 (partim).

Material examined. AM C.471154 ( Indonesia, Solor Island, 3 wet, 2 dry).

Taxonomic history. Representing the first named non-Australian species, R. solorensis has continuously been maintained as a distinct species in previous taxonomic treatments. Vermeulen & Whitten (1998) and Maassen (2009) reported R. solorensis from Bali and Nusa Penida, apparently unaware of the description of R. marghitae from these islands. In fact, Maassen’s (2009) report of R. solorensis is entirely based on material of R. marghitae . Rensch (1931) and Maassen (2009) assigned R. floresiana as a second subspecies for its similar shell. However, Rensch (1931) indiscriminately lumped together most Lesser Sunda species while Maassen (2009) confused R. solorensis and R. marghitae . The proposals of both authors are therefore not well-substantiated. In light of generally widespread narrowrange endemism in Rhagada ( Köhler, 2011; Johnson et al., 2012), I prefer maintaining the original treatment of Martens (1863, 1891) and consider R. solorensis as endemic to Solor Island. Populations from other islands should not be lumped with R. solorensis in absence of evidence from comparative studies. Consequently, R. floresiana is also maintained as a distinct species endemic to Flores.

Diagnosis. Shell comparatively large (D = 16–19 mm; Table 1 ), smooth or with fine axial ribs only, umbilicus forming a chink or narrowly open, peripheral band particularly welldeveloped ( Fig. 1A ) ( Martens, 1891). Penis with large, smooth penial verge with rounded tip, epiphallus with short flagellum ( Fig. 2A ).

Comparative remarks. Shells figured by Maassen (2009) from Nusa Penida are misidentified specimens of R. marghitae . Most typical characteristic is smooth penial verge with rounded tip.

Figures

Fig. 1. Shells (1.5× of natural size). A, Rhagada solorensis, Solor Island, AM C.471154; B, Rhagada setzeri setzeri, Alor Island, AM C.471156; C, D, Rhagada setzeri atauroensis n. subsp., Atauro Island: C, Paratype AM C.468711; D, Paratype AM C.468709; E–H, Rhagada abbasi n. sp., Lembata Island: E, Holotype AM C.478280; F–H: Paratypes AM C.471153, showing variation in sculpture and colour pattern. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 2. Penial anatomy, with penial chamber opened showing internal anatomy. A, Rhagada solorensis, Solor Island, AM C.471154; B, Rhagada marghitae, Nusa Penida AM C.327851; C, Rhagada setzeri atauroensis n. subsp., Atauro Island, holotype AM C.478282; D, Rhagada abbasi n. sp., Lembata Island, holotype AM C.478280. Abbreviations: ep = epiphallus; fl = epiphallic flagellum; gp = genital pore; lwp = longitudinal wall pilaster; pv = penial verge; rm = penial retractor muscle; va = vagina; vd = vas deferens. Scale bars = 2 mm.