Tetrameranthus laomae D.R.Simpson, 1975

Westra, Lubbert Y. T. & Maas, Paul J. M., 2012, Tetrameranthus (Annonaceae) revisited including a new species, PhytoKeys 12, pp. 1-21 : 10-11

Tetrameranthus laomae D.R.Simpson Fig. 2D, E Map 2

Tetrameranthus laomae Phytologia 30(5): 309. 1975.

Type.

Soria S. 64 (holotype F), Peru, Loreto: Alto Amazonas, Distr. Yurimaguas, road from Yurimaguas to Tarapoto, km 19 from Yurimaguas, 115 m, 11 March 1969.

Description.

Tree, 7-35 m tall, 11-45 cm diam., young twigs and petioles densely covered with whitish, stellate hairs <0.2 mm long, becoming glabrous. Leaves: petioles 10-20 mm long, 1-1.5 mm diam.; lamina obovate to narrowly obovate or narrowly elliptic-obovate, 6-24 by 2-7 cm (index 2.4-3.7), chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, shiny to dull greenish brown above, dull greenish brown below in sicco, rather densely to sparsely covered with stellate hairs <0.2 mm long on primary vein, otherwise sparsely so to glabrous on both sides, base attenuate, decurrent along petiole, apex acute or acuminate (acumen (0-)7-20 mm long), primary vein raised to almost flat above, secondary veins 7-10 on either side of primary vein, more or less raised above, loop-forming, shortest distance between loops and margin 2-4 mm, or not loop-forming in basal part, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate and often tending to form intersecondaries. Inflorescences 1-flowered, peduncles 0-1 mm long, bracts 3, narrowly triangular or narrowly oblong, 1-2.5 mm long, soon falling after flowering, pedicels 7-15 mm long, 1-1.5 mm diam., fruiting pedicels to c. 20 mm long, 2.5-4 mm diam., densely to rather densely covered with stellate hairs, becoming glabrous. Flowers green to yellowish, green with yellow center, or yellow in vivo; sepals broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, 2.5-3 by 2-2.5 mm, outer side densely covered with stellate hairs; outer petals ovate-elliptic, 10-16 by 5-8 mm, inner petals narrowly elliptic, 8-11 by 3-4 mm, outer side of petals rather densely covered with stellate hairs, the inner base glabrous; stamens c. 1 mm long, connective shield cushion-shaped, flat. Monocarps 4-13, green, maturing orange or red in vivo, black in sicco, ellipsoid to oblongoid, 2-seeded forms 30-45 by 15-<20 mm and with oblique constriction, 1-seeded forms smaller and without constriction, apex mostly rounded. Seeds 1-2 per monocarp, to c. 25 by 20 mm.

Distribution.

Amazonian Peru (Loreto, Pasco) and Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará), and the Colombian states of Amazonas and Chocó.

Habitat and ecology.

In forest on terra firme, on clay or sandy soil. At low elevations to c. 350 m. Flowering and fruiting: throughout most of the year.

Additional specimens examined.

Colombia. Amazonas: Mun. Leticia, Corregimiento de Tarapacá, Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Cabaña Pamaté, 100 m, Rudas et al. 2611 (MO, U). Chocó: Parque Nacional de Utría, 0-100 m, García C. & Agualimpia 398 (MO, U). Brazil. Acre: vicinity of Serra da Moa, Prance et al. 12236 (MO, NY, U). Amazonas: Mun. Itapiranga, Rio Uatumã, above confluence of Rio Uatumã with Rio Pitinga, Cid et al. 824 (MO, NY, U); Mun. Presidente Figueiredo, near Represa de Balbina, Cid et al. 6657 (NY, U), 8084 (NY, U), Thomas et al. 5271 (NY, U), 5358 (NY, U). Pará: Mun. Oriximiná, Rio Trombetas, Lago Maincoé, 8 km NE of Mineração Santo Patricia, 80 m, Martinelli 7338 (NY, U). Peru. Loreto: Guarnición Pijuayal, near Pebas, 130 m, Díaz S. et al. 571 (MO); Distr. Las Amazonas, "Roca Eterna", 120-130 m, Grández & Jaramillo 2850 (MO, U); Distr. Las Amazonas, Explornapo Camp, near Sucusari, 100-140 m, Pipoly et al. 13386 (MO, U), 13407 (MO, U), 13496 (MO,U), 14575 (MO, U); Prov. Mariscal Ramón Castilla, Upper Río Yaguas, tributary of Río Putumayo, 80 km NE of Pebas, 140 m, Ríos et al. 464 (U); Prov. Ucayali, Sapuena, Jenaro Herrera, 130 m, Vásquez et al. 12012 (MO, U); Prov. Maynas, Sargento Lores, Esperanza, 120 m, Vásquez & Jaramillo 13249 (MO, U). Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Cabeza de Mono, Río Iscozacín, Palacazu Valley, 320 m, Gentry et al. 41743 (MO, U); Prov. Oxapampa, Distr. Iscozacín, Pariona & Ruíz C. 1038 (MO).

Vernacular names.

Peru: Sacha anona (Pariona & Ruíz C. 1038).

Uses.

Peru: used for construction work on the countryside (Soria S. 64).

Figures

Figure 2. Tetrameranthus duckei R. E. Fr. A Two-flowered inflorescence B Flowers at early anthesis C Flower at late anthesis, liberation of pollen (Webber, 1981) D Fruit. Tetrameranthus laomae D. R. Simpson E Ripe fruit, also sectioned to show seeds. Note articulation at base of fruiting stalk. Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra F Flowers G Young inflorescence, detail of herbarium specimen (Morawetz & Wallnoefer 14 - 81085, U). A, E-F Photos by W. Morawetz, B-D Photos by A. C. Webber.

Map 2. Distribution of Tetrameranthus globuliferus Westra (○), Tetrameranthus laomae D. R. Simpson (□), Tetrameranthus macrocarpus R. E. Fr. (◉), and Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra (◆).