Anotia firebugia Bahder & Bartlett, 2020

Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Bartlett, Charles R., Helmick, Ericka E., Cummins, Paige, Ascunce, Marina S. & Bahder, Brian W., 2020, A new species of planthopper in the genus Anotia Kirby (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from coconut palm in Costa Rica, Zootaxa 4763 (1) : -

Anotia firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n.

( Figures 2–6 )

Type locality. Santa Rosa de Pocosol , Alajuela, Costa Rica .

Diagnosis. In general, a small (~ 3 mm, excluding wings) pale species with three carinae on mesonotum and a projected head. Wings almost entirely dark, with bright red veins. Facial markings and second antennal segment bright red. Parameres with a trifurcated lobe at midline on dorsal surface with median section sclerotized. Endosoma with three anterior facing sclerotized spines.

Description. Color. Base color of body yellow. Head with broad bright red line extending diagonally across lateral portion of head beginning near frontoclypeal suture extending across antennae and compound eyes, continuing onto dorsolateral portions of pronotum and mesonotum.Antennae bright red. Forewings mostly dark with bright red veins (except at wing base, costa and portions of apex and along trailing margin), cells darkly embrowned (except at wing base and most of costal cell). Hindwings embrowned with red veins.

Structure. Body length: 5.19 mm with wings; 3.03 mm without wings. Head. In dorsal view, vertex narrow, approximately as wide as eye, disc deeply depressed, lateral carinae foliate, converging distally (converging on fastigium); distal margin concave (transverse carinae near vertex apex absent); hind margin strongly concave ( Fig. 3A ). Second antennal segment laterally compressed; narrowed basally and expanding distally; greatly exceeding head anteriorly (approximately as long as combined head, pronotum and mesonotum at midline; Fig. 3A ). Head in lateral view extending beyond eyes for a distance about equal to eye length; frontal margin rounded; dorsal margin only slightly angled upward ( Fig. 3B ). Head in frontal view greatly compressed; lateral carinae in contact from fastigium nearly to frontoclypeal suture; frons partially concealing frontoclypeal suture along midline in frontal view ( Fig. 3C ). Vertex length: 0.310 mm, width at hind margin: 0.173 mm, width at distal margin: 0.783 mm. Frons length: 0.766 mm, dorsal width: 0.068 mm, frontoclypeal margin width: 0.117 mm.

Thorax. Pronotum short, shaped like inverted, obtuse “V”; anterior margin convex, following posterior margin of head; posterior margin deeply concave, acute ( Fig. 3A ); carina present at midline resulting in raised keel in lat- eral view ( Fig. 3B ), and lateral carinae present at eye level, strongly serpentine, within red band; paradiscal fields of pronotum narrowing below eyes to rounded apex ( Fig. 3A ). Mesonotum with two lateral carinae, median carina obsolete ( Fig. 3A ). Pronotum length at midline 0.754 mm. Mesonotum length at midline: 0.837 mm, width: 0.811 mm.

Wings extend considerably beyond abdomen. Forewing ( Fig. 4 ) length (male): 4.29 mm, spatulate, narrowing towards base; apex rounded near leading margin, trailing margin diagonally truncate. Forewings bearing pustules on costal vein in humeral region, humeral region of costa not produced into lobe; media branching from radius + subcosta in basal quarter of wing, RP forked from RA + Sc just before wing midlength. Combined Pcu+A1 extending to reach CuP (i.e., clavus open). General wing ground plan includes one subcostal posterior branch, six radial branches (RA 3 branched, RP 3 branched), seven branches in medial field, cubitus anterior with three branches (CuA 1, CuA 2), seven branches in posterior medial field, cubitus anterior with two branches (evidently fused apically), cubitus posterior unbranched, combined postcubitus and first anal vein unbranched. Postcubitus and first anal vein merged about level with fork of ScP+RA from RP. Fork of CuA about level with clavus apex (distad of Pcu+A1 merge).

Terminalia. Pygofer in lateral view very narrow with distinct, subtriangular projection near middle of caudal margin ( Fig. 5A ), anterior margin concave; lacking medioventral process in ventral view ( Fig. 5B ). Gonostyli in ventral view rounded on outer margins and irregularly sinuate on inner margin ( Fig. 5B ); narrowest basally, expanding distally ( Fig. 5B ); in lateral view ( Fig. 5A ), ventral margin rounded, irregular dorsad with irregularly sinuate lobe basally and trifurcated lobe distal with middle process sclerotized; all processes of distal lobe rounded at apex. Aedeagus simple (shaft without processes), weakly upcurved, with single large spine on right side at apex pointing anteriorly ( Fig. 6 ). Flagellum (endosoma) comprised of two large, lightly sclerotized lobes both with sclerotized spines pointing anteriorly ( Fig. 6 ). Segment 10 (anal tube) in lateral view short, rather quadrate; dorsal margin slightly sinuate; ventral margin straight with acute apex; anal column projected beyond apex of anal tube ( Figs 6A, C ).

Plant associations. Coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.), Arecaceae .

Distribution. Costa Rica (Alajeula).

Etymology. The specific name given by the first author’s sons observation that the novel taxon looked like a fire bug, inquired if that could be the insect’s name.

Material examined. Holotype male, “ Costa Rica, Alajuela Pr./ Santa Rosa de Pocosol / 15-VI-2019 / Coll.: B.W. Bahder /Host: Cocos nucifera / Anotia firebugia , ♂ ” ( FLREC).

Sequence data. Sequence data for the COI gene for Anotia firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n. was generated (698 bp, 5’) (GenBank Accession No. MT 084365 ). Relative to the other Anotia spp. available in BOLD, A. firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n. differed by about 16.7% ( Table 2). When compared to other genera within the Otiocerini , A. firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n. differed from between 18% to 20%. Anotia firebugia sp. n. also resolved with other Anotia spp. on the maximum likelihood tree generated using COI data ( Fig. 7 ).

Remarks. The extensive red markings of A. firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n. are distinct within Anotia . Other species with extensive red markings includes Anotia sanguinea Fennah (from Trinidad), A. fitchi (Van Duzee) and A. uhleri (Van Duzee) , all of which have less extensive (or more patchy) red markings. Interestingly, A. fitchi and A. lineata Ball both share with A. firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n the paired broad vitta beginning near the frontoclypeal suture, extending across the antennal base and eyes and continuing along the lateral portions of the pro- and mesonota.

The form of the terminalia are generally similar to other Anotia that have been illustrated and those we have examined. Differences among species appear to consist of differences in the shape of the lateral margin of the pygofer (lateral view), elements of the flagellum and aedeagal apex, and differences in the shape of the anal tube, especially in lateral view. The terminalia of too few species of Anotia have been described for useful comparison of these features among species.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Adult male habitus Anotia firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n. A. body lateral view and B. body dorsal view, scale = 1mm.

FIGURE 3. Adult male Anotia firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n. A. head, pronotum and mesonotum, dorsal view; B. head, pronotum and mesonotum, lateral view; C. head, frontal view. scale=1mm.

FIGURE 4. Anotia firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n., forewing venation; ScP=posterior subcostal, RA=anterior radius, RP=posterior radius, MP=posterior media, CuA=anterior cubitus, CuP=posterior cubitus, Pcu=postcubitus, A1=anal vein, lowercase=crossveins, green letters in box=corresponding cell.

FIGURE 5. Male terminalia of Anotia firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n. A. lateral view of paramere, pygofer, and anal segment; B. ventral view of pygofer and parameres; C. dorsal view of anal segment.

FIGURE 6. Aedeagus of Anotia firebugia Bahder & Bartlett sp. n. A. left lateral view; B. right lateral view; C. dorsal view; illustrations correspond directly to images on left.

FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees (1,000 replicates) based on the COI gene demonstrating the relationship of the novel taxon relative to other Otiocerinae.