Mymaridae

Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2020, Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico, Zootaxa 4773 (3), pp. 1-411 : 14-16

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B1D8D67C-4FDC-477E-872F-E8BCD4D027FB

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3844996

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A0765-FFDB-B97F-48D5-FB578F86F853

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Mymaridae
status

 

Key to Nearctic genera of Mymaridae View in CoL View at ENA . Males.

Note: Males are apparently unknown worldwide for Eofoersteria and Platystethynium (Platypatasson) . Males are unknown in the Nearctic for Arescon , Eustochus , Litus , and Stephanocampta but are keyed based on features found in extralimital species; the assumption is that when congeneric males in the Nearctic are discovered they will resemble extralimital males in their key features.

1 Antenna consisting of 1 large, swollen segment (flagellum and pedicel reduced and fused with scape); eyeless and wingless; tarsi 1-segmented, consisting only of enlarged, bell-shaped arolium; mouthparts absent ( Figs 356–369 View FIGURES 356, 357 View FIGURES 358–363 View FIGURES 364–369 ).................................................................................................. Dicopomorpha Ogloblin View in CoL

- Antenna normal, with scape, pedicel and flagellum; eyes and usually wings present; tarsi normal, with several segments; mouthparts present.................................................................................... 2

2(1) Tarsi 5-segmented.................................................................................... 3

- Tarsi 4-segmented................................................................................... 16

3(2) Flagellum 11-segmented, without ring-like segments......................................................... 4

- Flagellum at most 10-segmented, sometimes with 1 or 2 ring-like segments ( Fig. 191 View FIGURES 189–192 )............................. 10

4(3) Fore wing venation at most about one-third as long as wing................................................... 5

- Fore wing venation longer than half wing length ( Figs 146 View FIGURES 143–146 , 275 View FIGURES 274, 275 )............................................... 9

5(4) Face with subantennal sulcus between each torulus and mouth margin ( Figs 440 View FIGURES 440–444 , 453 View FIGURES 453–457 ); pronotum longitudinally divided medially ( Figs 445 View FIGURES 445, 446 , 551 View FIGURES 551, 552 ); propodeum at most with 2 longitudinal submedian sulci or carinae ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 35–38 ); metasoma with petiole at most about 2× as long as wide but usually much shorter, ring-like, and in lateral view gt 1 only slightly longer than gt 2 ..... 6

- Face without subantennal sulci ( Fig. 716 View FIGURES 716–720 ); pronotum entire ( Fig. 723 View FIGURES 721–723 ); propodeum with several carinae in a diamond-like pattern ( Figs 723 View FIGURES 721–723 , 740 View FIGURES 736–742 ); metasoma with petiole at least 2× as long as wide and gt 1 distinctly longer than gt 2 ( Figs 715 View FIGURE 715 , 741, 742 View FIGURES 736–742 , 744 View FIGURES 743–749 )................................................................................ Ooctonus Haliday View in CoL

6(5) Vertex with 3 or 4 setae between lateral ocelli ( Fig. 547 View FIGURES 546–550 ); pronotum with lobes widely separated medially by membranous area ( Fig. 551 View FIGURES 551, 552 ); dorsellum narrow and strap-like, not longer than lateral panels of metanotum ( Fig. 552 View FIGURES 551, 552 ); propodeum with 2 narrow longitudinal, usually pale submedian lines with minute denticles between them ( Fig. 551 View FIGURES 551, 552 ).............................................................................. Lymaenon Walker (= Gonatocerus litoralis View in CoL group of authors)

- Vertex with 2 setae between lateral ocelli ( Figs 440, 441 View FIGURES 440–444 , 454 View FIGURES 453–457 ); pronotum with lobes abutting medially ( Fig. 458 View FIGURES 458, 459 ); dorsellum biconvex, rhomboidal, or triangular, and longer than lateral panels of metanotum ( Figs 445 View FIGURES 445, 446 , 458 View FIGURES 458, 459 ); propodeum not as above, without pale submedian lines and denticles between them..................................................... 7

7(6) Head posteriorly divided by curved transverse postgenal sulcus separating dorsal surface from ventral surface ( Fig. 441 View FIGURES 440–444 ); propodeum with several incomplete, less distinct, longitudinal carinae between 2 submedian carinae ( Fig. 445 View FIGURES 445, 446 ); propodeal spiracle huge ( Fig. 445 View FIGURES 445, 446 ), much larger than pronotal spiracle; gaster more or less produced anteriorly under mesosoma ( Fig. 448 View FIGURES 447, 448 ); fore wing with microtrichia relatively sparse beyond venation, the distance between them mostly equal to or greater than their length ( Fig. 450 View FIGURES 449–451 ).......................... Gastrogonatocerus Ogloblin (= Gonatocerus membraciphagus group of authors)

- Head posteriorly entire ( Fig. 454 View FIGURES 453–457 ) or, rarely, with a round or oval postgenal sulcus; propodeum smooth or occasionally rugose between 2 submedian carinae (if present); propodeal spiracle smaller than or subequal to pronotal spiracle ( Fig. 459 View FIGURES 458, 459 ); gaster not (rarely slightly) produced anteriorly under mesosoma; fore wing with microtrichia relatively dense beyond venation, the distance between them mostly less than their length.......................................................... 8

8(7) Fore wing relatively narrow, at least 3.6× as long as wide, rounded apically, with microtrichia almost always uniformly distributed to base of parastigma ( Fig. 464 View FIGURES 463–465 ); propodeum smooth medially ( Fig. 458 View FIGURES 458, 459 ), occasionally with a median carina......................................................... Gonatocerus Nees View in CoL (= Gonatocerus sulphuripes group of authors).

- Fore wing relatively wide, less than 3.8× as long as wide, usually somewhat truncated apically with microtrichia usually absent behind venation ( Fig. 340 View FIGURE 340 ) or, if microtrichia present there, not uniformly distributed; propodeum with 2 submedian carinae................................................. Cosmocomoidea Howard (= Gonatocerus ater group of authors)

9(4) Antenna clearly longer than body and each flagellar segment at least 5× as long as wide ( Fig. 278 View FIGURES 276–278 ); vertex without stemmaticum (pale lines enclosing ocellar triangle) ( Fig. 277 View FIGURES 276–278 ); fore wing apparently without hypochaeta and with 1 distal macrochaeta..................................................................................... Chrysoctonus Mathot View in CoL

- Antenna not much longer than body and each flagellar segment at most about 3× as long as wide; vertex with stemmaticum (in photographs, pale lines/sulci enclosing ocellar triangle) ( Fig. 152 View FIGURES 149–154 ); fore wing with short hypochaeta (sometimes apparently absent) closer to proximal than to distal macrochaeta, and apparently with 2 distal macrochaetae......... Arescon Walker View in CoL

10(3) Flagellum 8- or 9-segmented........................................................................... 11

- Flagellum 10-segmented, sometimes with fl 2 and occasionally fl 4 small or ring-like ( Fig. 191 View FIGURES 189–192 ) so appearing 9- or 8-segmented .................................................................................................. 12

11(10) Flagellum 8-segmented; fore wing with posterior margin distinctly excised behind apex of venation.... Alaptus Westwood View in CoL

- Flagellum 9-segmented; fore wing with posterior margin at most slightly enlarged behind apex of venation.. Litus Haliday View in CoL Note: males have not yet been recorded from the Nearctic region. Viggiani (1973) described the male of the apparently Holarctic L. cynipseus Haliday. View in CoL ................................................................................

12(11) Fl 2 and sometimes fl 4 ring-like ( Fig. 191 View FIGURES 189–192 ); metasoma with short but narrow and distinct petiole ( Figs 193 View FIGURES 193, 194 , 195–197 View FIGURES 195–197 , 210–214 View FIGURES 210–214 , 238–243 View FIGURES 238–245 , 572 View FIGURES 571, 572 , 585–590 View FIGURES 585–592 ).............................................................................. 13

- Fl 2 at least as long as wide, about one-third length of remaining segments; metasoma widely attached to mesosoma, the petiole scarcely visible ( Figs 376–378 View FIGURES 376, 377 View FIGURES 378, 379 ).............................................................. Dicopus Enock View in CoL

13(12) Mandibles each with 2 teeth........................................................................... 14

- Mandibles each apparently with 1 tooth ( Figs 203 View FIGURES 198–203 , 562 View FIGURES 562–566 , 578 View FIGURES 573–578 )................................................. 15

14(13) Parastigma with macrochaetae, especially the distal macrochaeta, long and distinct ( Fig. 221 View FIGURES 220, 221 )................................................................................................ Camptopteroides View in CoL (Alalinda Huber)

- Parastigma with macrochaetae short and scarcely visible ( Fig. 569 View FIGURES 569, 570 )........................ Macrocamptoptera Girault View in CoL

15(14) Fore wing narrow, with a few microtrichia arranged in 1 or 2 rows ( Fig. 192 View FIGURES 189–192 ); propodeum without lamina.................................................................................................. Camptoptera Foerster View in CoL

- Fore wing wider, with many, evenly distributed microtrichia ( Fig. 916 View FIGURES 913–916 ); propodeum with large, whitish (translucent), reticulate sublateral and submedian lamina ( Figs 917 View FIGURES 917, 918 , 925–928, 930 View FIGURES 925–930 )................................. Stephanocampta Mathot View in CoL Note: males have not yet been recorded from the Nearctic region.

16(2) Propodeum and gt 1 with large, whitish, reticulate laminae ( Figs 859 View FIGURES 857–859 , 860 View FIGURES 860, 861 )................ Ptilomymar Annecke & Doutt View in CoL

- Propodeum and gt 1 without laminae..................................................................... 17

17(16) Metasoma with petiole inconspicuous, the petiole wider than long and at least half as wide as base of gt 1, the metasoma thus often appearing widely attached to mesosoma (petiole sometimes not visible unless metasoma removed).............. 18

- Metasoma distinctly petiolate, the petiole almost always much longer than wide ( Figs 24–26 View FIGURES 19–26 , 253, 254 View FIGURES 252–254 ), though sometimes only as long as wide, and obviously narrower than gt 1 ( Figs 78–83 View FIGURES 73–78 View FIGURES 79–85 )............................................ 27

18(17) Flagellum 10- or 11-segmented; mandible usually normal in size and shape ( Figs 18 View FIGURES 13–18 , 87 View FIGURES 87–89 , 109 View FIGURES 104–109 ), rarely very small ( Fig. 390a View FIGURES 390–394 ). .................................................................................................. 19

- Flagellum 9-segmented ( Figs 500 View FIGURE 500 , 509 View FIGURES 507–510 ); mandible massive, with long, curved, and serrate dorsal tooth ( Fig. 508 View FIGURES 507–510 )................................................................................................ Krokella Huber View in CoL

19(18) Flagellum 10-segmented ( Fig. 286 View FIGURES 281–286 ) or apparently so (fl 1 in Anaphes View in CoL minute, easily overlooked and therefore not counted; the flagellum is actually 11-segmented) ( Fig. 130 View FIGURES 127–134 )............................................................. 20

- Flagellum 11-segmented ( Fig. 95 View FIGURES 94, 95 )....................................................................... 21

20(19) Mandible with 3 teeth, the dorsal one occasionally bifurcated apically ( Fig. 126 View FIGURES 121–126 ); pronotum entire ( Fig. 134 View FIGURES 127–134 ); dorsellum well defined ( Fig. 131 View FIGURES 127–134 ); propodeum sloping relative to scutellum ( Fig. 132 View FIGURES 127–134 ) and with median longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 131 View FIGURES 127–134 ); gt 1 divided by median longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 135 View FIGURES 135–141 ).............................................. Anaphes Haliday View in CoL

- Mandible with 2 teeth, the lower one longer ( Fig. 298 View FIGURES 293–298 ); pronotum divided medially ( Figs 287 View FIGURES 287, 288 , 299, 302 View FIGURES 299–303 ); dorsellum barely defined ( Figs 287 View FIGURES 287, 288 , 299 View FIGURES 299–303 ); propodeum less strongly sloping relative to scutellum and without median line ( Figs 288 View FIGURES 287, 288 , 300 View FIGURES 299–303 ); gt 1 entire, without median sulcus ( Figs 289 View FIGURES 289, 290 , 304 View FIGURES 304–310 )...................................................... Cleruchus Enock View in CoL

21(19) Scape with numerous short spines on inner surface ( Fig. 685 View FIGURES 684–687 )................................. Omyomymar Schauff View in CoL

- Scape without spines on inner surface.................................................................... 22

22(21) Frenum completely divided by distinct, median longitudinal sulcus ( Figs 90 View FIGURES 90–93 , 102, 103 View FIGURES 102, 103 , 114 View FIGURES 110–114 , 891 View FIGURES 890–892 , 985 View FIGURES 985, 986 , 1001)............ 23

- Frenum entire ( Figs 395a View FIGURE 395 , 407 View FIGURES 407–413 )......................................................................... 25

23(22) Face with subantennal sulcus extending from inner margin of each torulus to mouth margin ( Figs 885 View FIGURES 885–889 , 897 View FIGURES 897–902 , 991 View FIGURES 991–994 , 995 View FIGURES 995–1000 ); mandible with 4 or 5 teeth ( Figs 902 View FIGURES 897–902 , 1000); frenum distinctly longer than half its width ( Figs 891 View FIGURES 890–892 , 903 View FIGURES 903–906 , 985 View FIGURES 985, 986 , 1001).............. 24

- Face without subantennal sulci ( Figs 87 View FIGURES 87–89 , 104 View FIGURES 104–109 ); mandible with 3 teeth; frenum about as long as half its width ( Figs 90 View FIGURES 90–93 , 102 View FIGURES 102, 103 , 114 View FIGURES 110–114 )................................................................................. Anagrus Haliday View in CoL

24(23) Scutellum brown; genitalia symmetrical and simple ( Fig. 896 View FIGURES 895, 896 )............................. Schizophragma Ogloblin View in CoL

- Scutellum pale yellow ( Figs 985, 986 View FIGURES 985, 986 ); genitalia asymmetrical and complex ( Figs 993b View FIGURES 991–994 , 1010)........ Stethynium Enock View in CoL

25(22) Mandible a minute stub without teeth ( Fig. 390 View FIGURES 390–394 ); maxilla narrow and much longer than wide ( Fig. 391 View FIGURES 390–394 ); dorsellum in lateral view projecting slightly as small triangular lobe over propodeum ( Figs 395a View FIGURE 395 , 396 View FIGURE 396 )................... Erythmelus Enock View in CoL

- Mandible of normal size, with at least 2 teeth; maxilla of normal size; dorsellum at most faint and band-like, in lateral view not projecting over propodeum ( Figs 287 View FIGURES 287, 288 , 299 View FIGURES 299–303 , 666 View FIGURES 665–667 )........................................................... 26

26(25) Mandible with 2 teeth ( Fig. 298 View FIGURES 293–298 ); pronotum divided medially ( Figs 287 View FIGURES 287, 288 , 299 View FIGURES 299–303 )....................... Cleruchus Enock View in CoL

- Mandible with 3 teeth; pronotum entire ( Fig. 666 View FIGURES 665–667 )........................................ Neostethynium Ogloblin

27(17) Head and mesosoma covered with distinctly raised sculpture ( Figs 247–250 View FIGURES 247–251 , 253, 254 View FIGURES 252–254 , 421–425 View FIGURES 421–426 , 427–430 View FIGURES 427–433 )............. 28

- Head and mesosoma at most faintly sculptured, appearing almost smooth....................................... 30

28(27) Flagellum 9-segmented, the two apical segments with wider junction than junctions between more basal segments, thus somewhat club-like (fig. 25 in Huber & Baquero, 2007)........................................... Eustochus Haliday View in CoL

- Flagellum 10- or 11-segmented, with junction between apical two segments not wider than between more basal segments. 29

29(28) Flagellum 10-segmented; mandibles wide and crossing when closed, with 3 subequal, finely serrated teeth ( Figs 247 View FIGURES 247–251 , 263 View FIGURES 258–263 )................................................................................... Caraphractus Walker View in CoL

- Flagellum 11-segmented; mandibles narrow and mainly directed ventrally, with 1 or 2 apical teeth ( Figs 62 View FIGURES 62–64 , 67, 70–72 View FIGURES 67–72 )........................................................................................ Anagroidea Girault View in CoL

30(27) Face dorsally strongly depressed between eyes ( Fig. 957 View FIGURES 955–960 ); vertex with large depression outside each ocellus ( Fig. 958 View FIGURES 955–960 ); mesosomal spiracle closed to anterior apex of notaulus than to dorsal apex of prepectus ( Fig. 962 View FIGURES 961–969 ); in preserved specimens, wings often crossing each other horizontally and lying flat over body, scissor-like....................... Stephanodes Enock View in CoL

- Face dorsally at most slightly depressed between eyes; vertex usually flat, at most with small depression (not wider or longer than ocellus) outside each ocellus ( Fig. 781 View FIGURES 778–783 ); mesosomal spiracle next to dorsal apex of prepectus and far from anterior apex of notaulus; in preserved specimens, wings usually vertical, not crossing each other, extending away from body........... 31

31(30) Fore wing oar-like, with basal half to two-thirds extremely narrow and apex suddenly widened, with apex and sometimes also base of widened area with dark spot ( Figs 593 View FIGURE 593 , 601 View FIGURES 601, 602 , 623 View FIGURE 623 , 631 View FIGURES 629–631 ); torulus almost touching transverse trabecula ( Figs 594 View FIGURES 594–598 , 605 View FIGURES 605–610 , 624 View FIGURES 624–628 , 638 View FIGURES 638–643 ).............................................................................................. 32

- Fore wing gradually widening from base to apex and almost always without dark apical spot, though dark transverse band(s) sometimes present ( Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 , 833 View FIGURES 828–833 ); torulus separated from transverse trabecula by at least half diameter of torulus......... 33

32(31) Scape about 2× as long as wide......................................................... Neomymar Crawford View in CoL

- Scape about 7× as long as wide............................................................... Mymar Curtis View in CoL

33(31) Propodeum medially with V- shaped carinae ( Figs 8 View FIGURES 7, 8 , 19 View FIGURES 19–26 ); fore wing with some thickened setae on disc and usually with 1 or 2 distinct, transverse, dark-coloured areas ( Fig. 7a View FIGURES 7, 8 ) but sometimes (almost) uniformly hyaline ( Fig. 7b View FIGURES 7, 8 ) …................................................................................................ Acmopolynema Ogloblin View in CoL

- Propodeum smooth or at most with 1 median, longitudinal carina; fore wing without thickened setae and usually without darkcoloured areas...................................................................................... 34

34(33) Metatibia with prominent semi-erect setae at least 3× as long as width of tibia ( Fig. 311 View FIGURE 311 )........... Cnecomymar Ogloblin View in CoL

- Metatibia with inconspicuous, subappressed setae at most about as long as width of tibia …......................... 35

35(34) Face without ( Fig. 813 View FIGURES 813–817 ), or with faint ( Fig. 828 View FIGURES 828–833 ) subantennal sulcus extending from each torulus to mouth margin........ 36

- Face with distinct subantennal sulcus extending almost from each torulus to mouth margin ( Figs 469 View FIGURES 469–473 , 480 View FIGURES 480–485 , 778 View FIGURES 778–783 ) …....... 38

36(35) Axillar seta short, extending posteriorly at most one-third length of frenum ( Figs 486 View FIGURES 486–493 , 784 View FIGURES 784–788 , 834 View FIGURES 834–841 ); body mainly brown or black .................................................................................................. 37

- Axillar seta long, extending to posterior apex of frenum ( Fig. 752 View FIGURES 751–753 ); body mainly yellow..... Palaeoneura Waterhouse View in CoL , part

37(36) Face without a pit next to each torulus ( Fig. 813 View FIGURES 813–817 ) …................................. Polynema View in CoL ( Polynema Haliday View in CoL )

- Face with a pit next to each torulus ( Fig. 828 View FIGURES 828–833 )..................................... Polynema View in CoL ( Doriclytus Foerster )

38(35) Notaulus narrow except for distinctly wider pit at anterior apex ( Figs 474 View FIGURES 474, 475 , 486 View FIGURES 486–493 ); gaster in lateral view with first segment apparently consisting mostly of tergum, so petiole apparently attached to gt 1 ( Fig. 496 View FIGURES 494–499 ); ovipositor extending posteriorly beyond apex of gaster by at least two-thirds of its length ( Figs 467 View FIGURE 467 , 468 View FIGURE 468 , 496 View FIGURES 494–499 )............................. Kalopolynema Ogloblin View in CoL

- Notaulus uniformly wide along its entire length ( Figs 776 View FIGURES 775–777 , 784 View FIGURES 784–788 ); gaster in lateral view with first segment almost equally divided into dorsal (gt 1) and ventral parts (gs 1), so petiole apparently attached to gs 1 ( Fig. 793 View FIGURES 789–796 ); ovipositor slightly extending posteriorly beyond apex of gaster, by about length of gt 6 ....................................... Palaeoneura Waterhouse View in CoL , part

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hymenoptera

Family

Mymaridae

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