Bourguyia, Mello-Leitao, 1923

Yamaguti, Humberto Y. & Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2009, Taxonomic review of Bourguyiinae, cladistic analysis, and a new hypothesis of biogeographic relationships of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest (Arachnida: Opiliones, Gonyleptidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (2), pp. 319-362 : 333-336

BOURGUYIA MELLO- LEITÃO, 1923

Bourguyia Mello-Leitão, 1923: 128 (desc., key), 186 (key); 1926 (key): 345; Roewer, 1929: 265 (key), 267 (cat., rdesc.); Mello-Leitão, 1932: 221 (key, rdesc.); Kästner, 1937: 389; Soares, 1943: 10 (= Afranius ; Isopucrolia ); 1944f: 168; Soares & Soares, 1948: 556 (key), 557 (cat., rdesc.); Mello-Leitão, 1949: 22; Kury, 1994b: 343, 351; 2003: 107 (cat.) (= Drastus ) (type species Bourguyia albiornata Mello-Leitão, 1923 , by original designation).

Isopucrolia Mello-Leitão, 1927: 14 (desc.); Roewer, 1929: 188 (key), 263 (rdesc.); Mello-Leitão, 1930a: 139; 1932: 132 (key) 137 (rdesc.); 1935b: 98; 1937: 276 (type species Isopucrolia uniformis Mello-Leitão, 1927 , by original designation). Synonymy established by Soares, 1943.

Caldasius Roewer, 1930: 345 (key), 413 (desc.); Mello-Leitão, 1931a: 130, 1931b: 72, 1932: 235 (key), 313 (rdesc.); Soares & Soares, 1949: 155 (key), 161 (cat., rdesc.); 1984: 310 (= Drastus Roewer ) (syst.); KEY TO THE MALES OF BOURGUYIINAE 1. Trochanter IV with an inner hook-shaped apophysis, directed anteriorly ( Fig. 2 ); with two well-developed dorsal apophyses, ad with the posterior apophysis larger than the anterior apophysis ( Fig. 45 ). Whole coxa IV wide,

surpassing the lateral margins of dorsal scutum in total width (dorsal view) ( Fig. 2 ); apex reaching or passing the posterior margin of dorsal scutum ( Fig. 3 ) ................................... Bourguyia ................................... 2 Trochanter IV without inner apophysis ( Fig. 14 ); posterior dorsal apophysis smaller than anterior one, sometimes reduced to a tubercle ( Fig. 54 ). Coxa IV narrow, almost hidden under dorsal scutum ( Fig. 15 ); the apex is evident but does not reach the posterior margin of the dorsal scutum ( Fig. 16 )........................... Asarcus ...........................7 2(1). Ocularium without median tubercle ( Fig. 22 ). Anterior margin of dorsal scutum densely granulated, with granules close to each other ( Fig. 3 ). Femur IV with a ventral proximal row of spines, and with the proximal one being greater than the others ( Fig. 41 ). Free tergite II armed with a well-developed median spine, length almost five times longer than its basal width ( Fig. 22 )........................................................ Bourguyia laevibunus Ocularium with a median tubercle ( Fig. 25 ). Anterior margin of dorsal scutum with a few dispersed granules ( Fig. 4 ). Femur IV armed with a developed basal ventral spine ( Fig. 44 ). Median armature of free tergite II with length less than three times its basal width ( Fig. 81 )..................................................................................................3 3(2). Free tergite II with three spines, and with the median one about three times longer than the lateral ones. A small basal tubercle may occur on each side of the median spine ( Fig. 80 ). Dry marks reduced, and restricted to the posterior region of the prosoma and the posterior region of coxa IV ( Fig. 107 ). Dorsal scutum uniformly dark red when alive (uniformly brown when preserved in alcohol) ( Fig. 107 ) .................. Bourguyia bocaina sp. nov. Free tergite II with one median armature without basal tubercles ( Fig. 4 ). Dry marks present on posterior region of prosoma and coxa IV, and on mesotergum ( Fig. 103 ). Coloration never uniform on whole dorsal scutum ( Fig. 106 )..........................................................................................................................................................4 4(3). Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites with great paired light stains ( Fig. 78 ). Dry marks present only on laterals of mesotergum ( Fig. 105 ). Metatarsus IV with ventral rows of small spines ( Fig. 79 )

......................................................................................................................... Bourguyia maculata Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites without light stains ( Fig. 106 ). Dry marks well developed, with many spots on whole dorsal scutum and free tergites, concentrated mainly on mesotergum ( Fig. 103 ). Metatarsus IV without ventral rows of spines.................................................................................................................5 5(4). Mesotergum with four areas ( Figs 2 , 103 ). Free tergites II and III armed with small median tubercles, larger than the tubercles of the rows ( Fig. 2 ) .................................................................... Bourguyia albiornata Mesotergum with three areas ( Fig. 108 ). Free tergite II armed with median spine ( Fig. 5 ) .................................6 6(5). Dorsal scutum dark red, almost wine coloured when alive ( Fig. 108 ), brown when preserved in alcohol; lighter region around each body granule and tubercle ( Fig. 108 ), tubercles well developed and with rounded apexes

( Fig. 7 ). Free tergite II armed with rounded median spine with almost cylindrical shape ( Fig. 81 ).................

Bourguyia vinosa sp. nov. Dorsal scutum dark yellow, and prosoma a little darker and brown ( Fig. 106 ); lighter region only around the median tubercles of areas I and III. Free tergite II armed with median spine of conical shape with rounded apex ( Fig. 5 )................................................................................................................. Bourguyia trochanteralis 7(1). Ocularium without median tubercle ( Fig. 36 ). Free tergite II with a narrow, long, median spine, with a basal tubercle on each side ( Fig. 116 ), and with a row of large, high tubercles, height similar to the basal width

( Fig. 15 )................................................................................................................ Asarcus passarellii Ocularium with a median tubercle ( Fig. 38 ). Free tergite II armed with a strong median spine, without tubercles on base ( Fig. 13 ), and with a row of very small, low tubercles ( Fig. 115 )..............................................................8 8(7). Free tergite II with a short median spine, height a little more than basal width ( Fig. 34 ). Posterior margin of dorsal scutum very wide, about 1.5 times the width of prosoma ( Fig. 14 ). Coxa IV with small apical retrolateral apophysis, longer than the width of the base ( Fig. 52 ) .................................................... Asarcus ingenuus Free tergite II with a long median spine, height at least twice the width of base ( Fig. 32 ). Posterior margin of dorsal scutum not very wide, only a little larger than the prosoma width ( Fig. 16 ). Coxa IV with well-developed apical retrolateral apophysis ( Fig. 54 ) ................................................................................................................ 9 9(8). Dorsal scutum black. Dry marks well developed, with many large spots on entire dorsal scutum and free tergites

( Fig. 117 ). Ocularium with well-developed median tubercle ( Fig. 16 ), size similar to or larger than eyes. Median spine of free tergite II short and straight, base wide ( Fig. 38 ) ................... Asarcus putunaberaba sp. nov. Dorsal scutum yellowish, prosomal region a little darker. Dry marks reduced, small stains lateral to ocularium and on posterior region of prosoma ( Fig. 114 ). Ocularium with very small median tubercle, sometimes hard to see ( Fig. 13 ). Median spine of free tergite II long, and slightly curved downwards ( Fig. 32 ).............................. Asarcus longipes KEY TO THE FEMALES OF BOURGUYIINAE (EXCEPT BOURGUYIA MACULATA UNKNOWN ) 1. Posterior margin of free tergites II and III with row of high granules ( Fig. 30 ); lateral margins of dorsal scutum with rows of high granules................................................ Bourguyia ................................................ 3 Posterior margin of free tergites II and III with small granules; lateral margins of dorsal scutum with row of small, low granules ( Fig. 35 )......................................................... Asarcus .........................................................6 2(1). Widest part of dorsal scutum much shorter than length ( Fig. 110 ), about 1.5 times larger than prosoma width.

Anterior margin of dorsal scutum densely granulated, all granules close to each other ( Fig. 9 ). Ocularium very low, almost imperceptible ( Fig. 28 ). Mesotergum flat in lateral view ( Fig. 28 ) ................ Bourguyia laevibunus Widest part of dorsal scutum a little less than or equal to length, almost twice the prosomal width ( Fig. 107 ). Anterior margin of dorsal scutum with a few dispersed granules ( Fig. 8 ). Ocularium very high ( Fig. 27 ). Mesotergum rising towards the posterior region, highest at area III ( Fig. 30 ).............................................................................3 3(2). Mesotergum with four areas ( Fig. 109 ). Free tergites II and III with median tubercle a little larger than the granules of the tergite ( Fig. 8 )............................................................................... Bourguyia albiornata Mesotergum with three areas ( Fig. 111 ). Free tergites II and III with median spine much larger than the granules of the tergite ( Fig. 10 )................................................................................................................................4 4(3). Mesotergum dark yellow, prosoma darker, almost brown ( Fig. 111 ). Median spine of free tergite III at least half the length of the median spine of free tergite II ( Fig. 10 ) ...................................... Bourguyia trochanteralis Whole dorsal scutum reddish ( Fig. 112 ). Median spine of free tergite II about three times longer than the free median spine of free tergite III ( Fig. 12 )...............................................................................................................5 5(4). Dorsal scutum uniformly red/brown when alive ( Fig. 112 ); uniformly brown when preserved in alcohol. Dry marks reduced, with only a few dispersed spots ( Fig. 112 ). Free tergite II with three median spines, and with median one more than three times longer than lateral ones ( Fig. 11 ) ............... Bourguyia bocaina sp. nov. Dorsal scutum dark red, almost wine coloured when alive, and with a lighter region around granules and tubercles ( Fig. 113 ); brown when preserved in alcohol, maintaining the lighter region around granules and tubercles. Dry marks well developed, with the whole body covered with many spots ( Fig. 113 ). Free tergite II with only one median spine ( Fig. 12 ) .......................................................................................................... Bourguyia vinosa sp. nov. 6(1). Free tergite II with a very short median spine, triangular in shape, length just a little longer than basal width

( Fig. 18 ). Posterior margin of dorsal scutum very wide: a little less than the widest part of the dorsal scutum,

and almost twice the width of the anterior margin ( Fig. 119 )........................................... Asarcus ingenuus Free tergite II with long median spine, more than twice longer than basal width ( Fig. 20 ). Width of posterior margin of dorsal scutum about 1.5 times longer than the width of the anterior margin of dorsal scutum ( Fig. 118 )...........7 7(6). Ocularium without median tubercle ( Fig. 37 ). Free tergite II with very long, thin median spine, about four times longer than basal width ( Fig. 19 ). Dorsal scutum very flat............................................. Asarcus passarellii Ocularium with median tubercle ( Fig. 39 ). Free tergite II with strong, conical-shaped, median spine, between two and three times longer than basal width ( Fig. 17 ). Dorsal scutum highest at area III..............................................8 8(7). Body uniform black ( Fig. 121 ). Dry marks well developed, many spots on entire body ( Fig. 121 ). Ocularium with prominent median tubercle, very evident ( Fig. 39 ) ................................... Asarcus putunaberaba sp. nov. Dorsal scutum yellow, prosoma darker ( Fig. 118 ). Dry marks reduced, some small stains on prosoma ( Fig. 118 ). Ocularium with very small median tubercle, sometimes hard to see ( Fig. 33 ).............................. Asarcus longipes

Kury, 1994b: 351 (syst.), 352; 2003: 108 (cat.), 120 (type species Caldasius trochanteralis by subsequent designation, Soares & Soares, 1949: 161). New synonymy.

Styloleptes Piza, 1943: 43 (desc.); Soares & Soares, 1949: 151 (key), 213 (rdesc.); Kury, 1994b: 351 (syst.); 2000; 2003: 108 (cat.), 120 (type species Styloleptes conspersus , by original designation). New synonymy.

Afranius Mello-Leitão, 1934: 409 (desc.); Piza, 1938b: 190 (= Osasco Piza, 1938 ); Kury, 2003: 107 (cat.), 152 (type species Afranius amarali Mello- Leitão, 1934, by monotypy). Synonymy established by Soares, 1943.

Stylopisthos Roewer, 1930: 348 (key), 441 (desc.); Mello-Leitão, 1932: 231 (key), 239 (rdesc.); 1935b: 102; Piza, 1943: 43; Soares & Soares, 1949: 151 (key), 213 (cat., rdesc.); 1985 (syst.); Kury, 1994b: 351 (syst.), 352; 2000: 1, 5 (syst.); 2003: 108 (cat.), 120 (type species Stylopisthos laevibunus , by monotypy). New synonymy.

Osasco Piza, 1938a: 113 (desc.); 1938b: 190 (syst.) (type species Osasco tuberiproctus Piza, 1938 , by original designation). Synonymy established by Soares, 1943.

Drastus Roewer, 1943: 46 (desc.); Soares & Soares, 1949: 154 (key), 165 (rdesc.); Kury, 2003: 107 (syst.) (type species Drastus hamatus Roewer, 1943 , by monotypy).

Diagnosis

Male ( Figs 2–8 , 21–26 , 40–45 , 59–64, 78–94 , 103– 108 ). Body more granulated and with higher granules than in Asarcus . Dorsal scutum with three or four

21

22

27

areas. Mesotergal area III always with a pair of median tubercles. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum with a small region extended posteriorly, a little wider than prosomal width. Ocularium shorter and higher, more elliptical than in Asarcus , longest in the middle. Coxa IV very wide and surpassing the posterior margin of the dorsal scutum; with an apical row of tubercles close to the articulation with trochanter IV; ventral apical spine very reduced. Trochanter IV with an inner, hook-shaped, anteriorly-directed apophysis; dorsal distal apophysis well developed, always larger than the basal one. Femur IV with high granules and distal prolateral spines.

Female ( Figs 8–12 , 27–31 , 46–50 , 65–69, 109–113 ). Body less flattened than in Asarcus , longitudinal median line higher. Lateral margins of dorsal scutum and posterior margin of free tergites II and III with a row of large, high granules.

Figures

Figures 2–7. Males of Bourguyia, dorsal view: 2, B. albiornata (MZSP 1513); 3, B. laevibunus (SMF 1815); 4, B. maculata (SMF 1814); 5, B. trochanteralis (SMF 6431); 6, B. bocaina sp. nov. (MNRJ 8977); 7, B. vinosa sp. nov. (MZSP 17653). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 40–50. Apex of left coxa to base of femur IV of Bourguyia, retrolateral view: 40–45, males; 40, B. albiornata (MZSP 1513); 41, B. laevibunus (MHNCI 6391); 42, B. maculata (MNRJ 6484); 43, B. trochanteralis (SMF 6431); 44, B. bocaina sp. nov. (MNRJ 8977); 45, B. vinosa sp. nov. (MZSP 9992); 46–50, females; 46, B. albiornata (IBSP 49); 47, B. laevibunus (MHNCI 6391); 48, B. trochanteralis (MZSP 16794); 49, B. bocaina sp. nov. (MZSP 17708); 50, B. vinosa sp. nov. (MZSP 22733). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 13–16. Males of Asarcus, dorsal view: 13, A. longipes (ZMK 90021c); 14, A. ingenuus (IBSP 196); 15, A. passarellii (MNRJ 5457); 16, A. putunaberaba sp. nov. (IBSP 2849). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 51–58. Apex of left coxa to base of femur IV of Asarcus, retrolateral view: 51–54, males; 51, A. longipes (ZMK 90021c); 52, A. ingenuus (IBSP 196); 53, A. passarellii (MNRJ 5457); 54, A. putunaberaba sp. nov. (IBSP 2849); 55–58, females; 55, A. longipes (ZMK 90033h); 56, A. ingenuus (MZSP 27723); 57, A. passarellii (MNRJ 196); 58, A. putunaberaba sp. nov. (IBSP 2861). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 21–31. Bourguyia, lateral view: 21–26, males; 21, B. albiornata (IBSP 49); 22, B. laevibunus (MZSP 27719); 23, B. maculata (MNRJ 6484); 24, B. trochanteralis (MZSP 10583); 25, B. bocaina sp. nov. (MZSP 10580b); 26, B. vinosa sp. nov. (MZSP 27722); 27–31, females; 27, B. albiornata (IBSP 49); 28, B. laevibunus (MHNCI 6391); 29, B. trochanteralis (MZSP 10583); 30, B. bocaina sp. nov. (MZSP 10580b); 31, B. vinosa sp. nov. (MZSP 27722). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 78–81. Details of some species of Bourguyia: 78–79, B. maculata (SMF 1814); 78, posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites in posterior view, showing the pairs of white stains; 79, apex of left metatarsus IV in retrolateral view, showing the ventral rows of spines; 80–81, median spine of free tergite II; 80, B. bocaina sp. nov. (MNRJ 8977); 81, B. vinosa sp. nov. (MZSP 9992).

Figures 103–108. Photographs of males of Bourguyia in dorsal view: 103, B. albiornata (old material); 104, B. laevibuna (fresh material); 105, B. maculata (old material); 106, B. trochanteralis (fresh material); 107, B. bocaina sp. nov. (live material); 108, B. vinosa sp. nov. (live material).

Figures 32–39. Species of Asarcus, lateral view: 32–33, A. longipes; 32, male (ZMK 90030); 33, female (ZMK 90033d); 34–35, A. ingenuus; 34, male (MZSP 1675); 35, female (MZSP 1675); 36–37, A. passarellii; 36, male (MNRJ 5457); 37, female (MNRJ 196); 38–39, A. putunaberaba sp. nov.; 38, male (IBSP 2849); 39, female (IBSP 2861). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 114–121. Photographs of Asarcus in dorsal view: 114–117, males; 114, A. longipes (fresh material); 115, A. ingenuus (live material); 116, A. passarellii (old material); 117, A. putunaberaba sp. nov. (fresh material; photo, H.A.U. Marianno); 118–121, females; 118, A. longipes (fresh material); 119, A. ingenuus (live material); 120, A. passarellii (old material); 121, A. putunaberaba sp. nov. (fresh material; photo, H.A.U. Marianno).

Figures 109–113. Photographs of females of Bourguyia in dorsal view: 109, B. albiornata (old material); 110, B. laevibuna (fresh material); 111, B. trochanteralis (fresh material); 112, B. bocaina sp. nov. (live material); 113, B. vinosa sp. nov. (live material).

Figures 8–12. Females of Bourguyia, dorsal view: 8, B. albiornata (IBSP 49); 9, B. laevibunus (MHNCI 6391); 10, B. trochanteralis (MZSP 16794); 11, B. bocaina sp. nov. (MZSP 17708); 12. B. vinosa sp. nov. (MZSP 22733). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 17–20. Females of Asarcus, dorsal view: 17, A. longipes (ZMK 90033h); 18, A. ingenuus (MZSP 27723); 19, A. passarellii (MNRJ 196); 20, A. putunaberaba sp. nov. (IBSP 2880). Scale bar: 1 mm.