Allograpta pulchra Shannon, 1927

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Riera, Pamela, Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia, 2021, Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes, Zootaxa 4959 (1), pp. 1-178 : 114-115

Allograpta pulchra Shannon, 1927

Fig. 167

Allograpta pulchra bifasciata Enderlein, 1938: 221 *

Allograpta pulchra nigribucca Enderlein, 1938: 222 *

Allograpta pulchra shannoni Enderlein, 1938: 222 *

Type locality and data. “ Anglo , Chile ” (HT, ♂, USNM) .

Material examined. Atacama: 1♂, Paipote , 15-18.X.1969, Leg. L.E. Peña ( MEUC) ; Coquimbo: 11♂, 5♀, El Pangue, 2. XI.1961, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 1♀, Puerto Oscuro , 23.X.1961, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 13♂, San Pedro de Quile, 8 km North , 16.XI.1961, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 2♂, 3♀, El Naranjo, Tilama , X.1968, Leg. J. Molina ( MEUC) ; 19♂, 16♀, Ovalle , 1.VIII.1960, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 4♂, 2♀, Estero Canela , 24.X.1961, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; Valparaíso: 1♂, Algarrobo , 9.II.1985, Leg. M. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Quillota , La Palma, 5.II.1970, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Guardia Vieja , 15.I.1973, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Caleu, TilTil , 10.X.1993, Leg. M. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, La Dormida, 29.I.1982, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; Metropolitana : 1♀, Cuesta Barriga , 15.XI.1960, Leg. Boyes ( CNC) ; 1♂, 1♀, Curacaví , 15.XI.1970, Leg. J.W. Boyes ( CNC) ; 4♂, 1♀, Cerro San Cristóbal , 15.XI.1970, Leg. J. W. Boyes ( CNC) ; 7♀, El Canelo , I.1953, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 2♀, Puente Río Colorado, 13.XI.1970, Leg. Boyes ( CNC) ; 1♂, Calera de Tango , 21.IV.1962, Leg. Ignaco Osses ( MNHNCL) ; O’Higgins: 1♀, La Cruz, no date, Leg. NN ( SAG) ; Maule: 1♂, Bullileo, Linares , 15.XII.1960, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 1♀, Estero La Jaula , I.1964, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 1♂, 5♀, El Coigo, Curicó , 1.II.1960, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 1♂, 3♀, Villa Alegre, Linares , 5.XII.1960, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 3♀, Tregualemu , 12.XII.1953, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; Ñuble : 1♀, Puente Comadres, Chillán , 20.I.1993, Leg. S. Roitman ( MNHNCL) ; Biobío: 2♀, Caramavida , 10.II.1953, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; 2♀, Pillim Pilli , Arauco, 18.I.1954, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; La Araucanía: 1♂, 2♀, El Manzano, 30km W of Angol , 8–9.XII.1972, Leg. L.E. Peña ( MEUC) ; 1♂, Parque Nacional Contulmo , 23.I.1996, Leg. M. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Termas de Tolhuaca , 15.I.1959, Leg. L. Peña ( CNC) ; Los Ríos: 2♀, Santo Domingo , 29.I.1978, Leg. E. Krahmer ( UACH) ; 1♂, 3♀, Valdivia , 17.I.1982, Leg. E. Kramer ( UACH) ; 2♀, Chan Chan , 27.I.1980, Leg. E. Krahmer ( UACH) ; 1♀, Paillaco , 12.XI.1970, Leg. J. W. Boyes ( CNC) ; Los Lagos: 2♂, 2♀, Caulín , Chacao, Chiloé ( Smith-Ramírez et al. 2005; CSD) .

References. Shannon, 1927: 25 (desc.); Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 133, figs 24b, 24b’ & 25b (desc.); Curran, 1936: 12 (key); Enderlein, 1938: 221 (desc.); Fluke, 1942: 15, fig. 51 (desc. & key); Stuardo, 1946: 123 (cat.); Fluke, 1956: 210 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1963: 13 (cat.); Rojas, 1966: 175 (cat. of predators of aphids); Boyes et al., 1973: 371 (karyotypes); Thompson et al., 1976: 37 (cat.); Zúñiga et al., 1986: 480 (predators of aphids); González & Coscarón, 2005: 347 (distr.); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2005: 412 (pollinator study); Mengual et al., 2009: 15 (distr.); López et al., 2012: 14 (key); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2014: 6 (ecological study, supplementary material).

World distribution. Argentina and Chile.

Chilean distribution. From Atacama to Los Lagos region ( Fig. 170 ).

Altitudinal range. From coastal to highland ecosystems (5– 3,000 m.a.s.l.).

Biology and notes. Allograpta pulchra is a hemysinanthropic species that could be used as biological control and has been recorded in several ecosystems. It has been mentioned as a predator of Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) in hazelnuts ( Aguilera & Pacheco 1995) and other aphid species ( Rojas 1966). Smith-Ramírez et al. (2005) have recorded this species on Amomyrtus meli , G. avellana , Luma apiculata , Myrceugenia ovata var. ovata , Myrceugenia parvifolia (DC.) Kausel and T. stipularis . This flower fly species has also been observed visiting flowers of B. rapa (Gabriela Germain, CSP record); Colletia hystrix (Orlando Montes, CSP record); L. maritima (Gabriela Germain, CSP record); Orizoë sp. (Daniel Llavaneras, CSP record) and Q. saponaria (César Martínez, CSP record).

Conservation status. LC; EOO = 230,768 km 2, AOO = 144 km 2, 31 subpopulations and 32 localities.

Figures

FIGURE 170. Distribution map of Allograpta species in Chile: Allograpta exoticus (Wiedemann, 1830) (blue circles); Allograpta hortensis (Philippi, 1865) (red circles); Allograpta pulchra Shannon, 1927 (black circles); Allograpta piurana Shannon, 1927 (green circles) and Allograpta robinsoniana Enderlein, 1938 (yellow circles).

FIGURES 165–167. Allograpta exoticus (Wiedemann, 1830): (165) female in Rosa sp. (photo by Miguel Mellado). Allograpta hortensis (Philippi, 1865): (166) male on Leucheria sp. (photo by Daniel Llavaneras). Allograpta pulchra Shannon, 1927: (167) male on Orizoë sp. (photo by Daniel Llavaneras).