Copestylum (Phalacromya) scutellata ( Macquart, 1842 )

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Riera, Pamela, Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia, 2021, Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes, Zootaxa 4959 (1), pp. 1-178 : 93-95

Copestylum (Phalacromya) scutellata ( Macquart, 1842)

Figs 137–139

Volucella scutellata Macquart, 1842: 85

Temnocera andicola Bigot, 1884: 548

Temnocera scutellata Lynch Arribálzaga, 1892: 189 *

Type locality and data. “ Chile ” (T, ♂, MNHNP) .

Material examined. Arica y Parinacota: Putre, 25.II.1948 ( Etcheverry 1952); 1♂, Zapahuira, 26.III.2018, Leg. R. Barahona-Segovia ( PCRBS); Tarapacá: Poroma, 1.III.1948 ( Etcheverry 1952); Miñita, 16.III.1948 ( Etcheverry 1952); Mamiña, 16.VII.1951 ( Etcheverry 1952); Chaquiña, 23.VII.1951 ( Etcheverry 1952); Parca, 30.VII.1951 ( Etcheverry 1952); Atacama: 1♂, Quebrada del Buitre,Tierra Amarilla, 2.X.2006, Leg. J. Unda ( UFRO); 1♀, Cerro El Purgatorio, 6.XII.1982, Leg.Arriagada ( MNHNCL); Coquimbo: 1♀, Pisco Elqui, 17.X.2004, Leg.M.Beeche ( SAG); 1♂, 1♀, Vicuña, II.1939, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL); 2♂, 1♀, El Cepo, I.1998, Leg. A. Ugarte ( MEUC); 1♂, El Pangue, Vicuña, 24.VIII.1956, Leg. Wagenknecht ( MZUC); 1♀, El Pangue, las trancas, 15.II.1953 Leg. NN ( MNHNCL); 1♂, Nogales, I.2003, J. Gómez ( SAG); Hacienda El Mauro, Caimanes ( Fraga 1937); 1♀, Illapel, 09.IV.1971, Leg. P. Ramírez F. ( MZUC); 1♂, La Serena, 04.I.1957, Leg. Somoza ( MZUC); 1♀, Tranque Recoleta, 29.X.1975, Leg. O. León ( MNHNCL); 1♂, Illapel, no data, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL); 1♂, Los Mantos, Ovalle, 31.III.1070, Leg. L. Alfaro ( MNHNCL); 1♀, Ovalle, 1.III.1971. Leg. L. Alfaro ( MNHNCL); 1♂, 2♀, Divisadero, Punitaqui, 5–18.I.1968, Leg. L.W. Alfaro ( MEUC); 1♂, Los Molles, 21.XI.1965, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL); 1♀, Los Vilos, 16.II.1970, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL); Valparaíso: 1♀, Cabildo, 14.VIII.1954, Leg. E. Breit ( MZUC); 1♂, 2♀, Quillota, 26.XII.1975, Leg. G. Cerda ( MNHNCL); 2♀, Horcones, 2.II.69, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL); 1♂, 1♀, Colliguay, 5.VIII.1980, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL); 1♀, Leyda, 1.II.1942, Leg. L.E. Peña ( INIA); 1♀, C. Horcón 31.I.1978, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL); 2♂, Quilpué 20.XII.1961, Leg. Solervicens ( MNHNCL); 1♀, La Dormida, 29.I.1982, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL); 1♀, Peñablanca, 28.I.1982, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL); 1♂, Peñuelas, 15.I.1975, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL); Metropolitana: 1♀, TilTil, 27.II.2008, Leg. M. Beeche ( SAG); 2♀, Pudahuel, 26.X.1949, Leg. L.E. Peña ( INIA); 1♂, El Pangue, 2.XI.1980, Leg. L. Peña ( MNHNCL); 1♀, Maipú, XI.1942, Leg. L.E. Peña ( INIA); 1♂, Quinta Normal, 10.I.1951, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL); 1♂, Piedra Blanca, 12.X.1965, Leg. Solervicens ( MNHNCL); 1♀, Cerro La Provincia, 15.X.1984, Leg. Arrigada ( MNHNCL); 2♂, 2♀, Cerro San Cristóbal, 30.III.1953, Leg. E.O.B. ( MZUC); 1♂, 1♀, Agua del Chancho, 27.VIII.1980, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL); 1♀, Quebrada Seca, Las Condes, 5.VIII.1980, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL); 2♂, 2♀, Centro de Esqui, Farellones, 02.II.2015, Leg. R. Barahona-Segovia ( PCRBS); 3♀, Peñalolen, 8.XII.1952, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL); 1♂, 3♀, Quebrada de Macul, 1.IV.1953, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL); 1♂, 1♀, La Castrina, 30.X.1969, Leg. L. Alfaro ( MNHNCL); 1♀, La Obra, XI.1951, Leg. NN ( MZUC); 2♀, El Manzano, 12.IV.1981, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL); 1♂, 1♀, Camino al Alfalfal, 23.II.1967, Leg. V. Pérez ( MNHNCL); 1♀, Las Vertientes, 20.X.1998, Leg. R. Trincado ( INIA); 1♀, El Alfalfal, III.1967. Leg. NN ( MEUC); 1♂, 1♀, Rio Colorado, 8.IX.1980, Leg. P. Cerda ( MNHNCL); 1♀, Laguna Aculeo, 20.II.2002, Leg. J. Mondaca ( SAG); O’Higgins: 1♂, Las Cabras, 15.I.1958, Leg. NN ( MZUC); 2♂, 2♀, Termas de Cauquenes, Rancagua, 22.III.1969, Leg. R. Cortes ( MEUC); Maule: 1♀, Pencahue, 26.X.1968, Leg. J. Moroni ( MNHNCL); Ñuble: (sex undetermined) Cordillera de Chillán, no data, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL); La Araucanía: Traiguén ( Porter 1923).

References. Macquart, 1842: 85 (desc.); Blanchard, 1852: 405 (desc.); Blanchard, 1852, plate 4, fig. 6 (ill.); Philippi, 1865: 139 (desc.); Schiner, 1868: 359 (desc.); Williston 1886: 317 (cat.); Reed 1888: 297 (cat.); Lynch Arribálzaga, 1892: 189 (cat.); Hine, 1914: 344 (desc.); Porter, 1918: 181 (cat.); Porter, 1920: 158 (cat.); Porter, 1921: 447 (cat., dist. & notes); Porter, 1923: 117 (cat.); Porter, 1924: 98 (cat.); Curran, 1926a: 59 (desc.); Curran,

1930c: 9 (key); Porter, 1933: 182 (checklist); Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 169 (desc. & notes); Curran, 1934: 382 (key); Fraga, 1937: 198 (natural history); Porter, 1938: 155 (cat.); Gutiérrez, 1939: 35 (cat.); Sack, 1941: 106 (cat.); Stuardo, 1946: 129 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1951: 356 (cat.); Fluke, 1951b: 5, figs 18, 21, 36 & 47 (key); Etcheverry, 1952: 309 (cat.); Bastidas, 1956: 4 (natural history); Fluke, 1957: 85 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1963: 106 (cat.), Etcheverry, 1970: 96 (cat.); Thompson, 1972b: 109 ( Milesiinae rev.); Thompson et al., 1976: 83 (cat.); Arroyo et al., 1982: 93 (pollinator study).

World distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Chile.

Chilean distribution. From Arica y Parinacota to La Araucanía region ( Fig. 147 ).

Altitudinal range. From coastal to highlands ecosystems (10– 4,200 m.a.s.l.).

Biology and notes. Copestylum scutellatum is a species that has a wide distribution in the Neotropical region. In Chile, the species is found from highlands in the Puna province to Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests. Porter (1921) associated this species with the flowers of Aristolochia chilensis . thanks to some specimens collected by professor Stuardo in La Serena. Bastidas (1956) associates females of this species with the cactus of the genus Opuntia , where it deposits their eggs in groups of two or three in the thorns of high parts of the plant. It has also been observed visiting native flowers of H. stenophyllum (Toty Leiva, CSP record); Porlieria chilensis (I.M. Johnst.) (Javiera Chinga and Tomás Paulo, CSP records); Talguenea quinquinervia (Gill et Cook) Johnst (Ariadna Veas, CSP record); Trevoa quinquenervia (Daniel Llavaneras, CSP record); B. globosa (Fernando González, CSP record); Encelia canescens Lam. (Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia pers. obs.); Baccharis sp. (Apatama Ph, CSP record); Acacia caven (Molina) Molina (César Martínez, CSP record); Q. saponaria (César Martínez, CSP record); Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz emend. Burkart , and Frankenia chilensis K. Presl. (Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia, pers. obs.). It has also been observed visiting exotic plants such as R. sativus (R. Barahona-Segovia, pers. obs.); Prunus domestica L. (Orlando Montes, CSP record) and E. pectinatus (Claudia Contreras, CSP record).

Conservation status. LC; EOO = 240,950 km 2, AOO = 244 km 2, 45 subpopulations and 53 localities.

Figures

FIGURE 147. Distribution map of Copestylum gibbera (Schiner, 1868) (yellow circles); Copestylum pseudotachina (Hull, 1936) (blue circles); Copestyllum scutellata (Macquart, 1842) (red circles); Copestylum yura (Curran, 1930) (black circles); Copestylum willinki (Fluke, 1951) (green circles); Ornidia obesa (Fabricius, 1775) (pink circles) in Chile.

FIGURES 134–139. Copestylum rufoscutellare (Philippi, 1865): (134) lateral view and (135) dorsal view, male (Photos by Vicente Valdés). Scale bars = 1.5 mm. Copestylum saphirinum (Bigot, 1883): (136) lateral view, female (photo by Vicente Valdés). Scale bar = 2 mm. Copestyllum scutellata (Macquart, 1842): (137) lateral view (photo by Vicente Valdés). Scale bar = 3 mm. (138) feeding on Porlieria chilensis I. M. Johnst., Alcones (photo by Esteban López), and (139) feeding on Prunus sp., Santiago (photo by Orlando Montes).