Paranota spinosa ( Boheman, 1854 )

Simões, Marianna V. P., 2014, Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Paranota Monrós and Viana, 1949 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Dorynotini), The Coleopterists Bulletin 68 (4), pp. 631-655 : 649-650

Paranota spinosa ( Boheman, 1854) ( Figs. 69–81 , 101 )

Batonota spinosa Boheman 1854: 168, 1856: 95 , 1862: 238; Gemminger and Harold 1876: 3645; Wagener 1881: 45; Spaeth 1914: 67, 1923: 69; Maulik 1916: 583; Węgrzynowicz and Wšsowska 1996: 40.

Dorynota spinosa: Blackwelder 1946: 747 ; Buzzi 1988: 566; Borowiec 1996 a: 182.

Paranota spinosa: Monrós and Viana 1949: 401 , 425; Borowiec 1999: 167, 2002 a: 108, 2009f: 692; Flinte et al. 2009: 594.

Diagnosis. Paranota spinosa can be easily distinguished from the other species of the genus by the reddish brown dorsal ground color, anterior margin of pronotum and post-humeral region yellow and disc mottled with reddish brown and yellow, yellow venter, and elytra with rounded anterior angle and humeral ridge absent.

Redescription. Body ( Figs. 69–70 ) reddish brown dorsally, with anterior margin of pronotum and posthumeral region yellow and disc mottled with reddish brown and yellow, ventrally yellow, except prosternal process, mesosternum, anterior margin of metasternum, and metepimeron black. Head: Interocular distance as wide as widest width of eye. Vertex densely punctate and with long, dense setae; coronal suture deep, glabrous, extending to epistomal suture. Frontoclypeus triangular, swollen, with deep, sparse punctures and discernible, incomplete epistomal suture. Interantennal distance half width of antennal sockets; antennae with length ratio of segments 100: 40: 20: 40: 60: 104: 92: 80: 80: 88: 132. Thorax: Mesosternal process notched medially, 2.5 times shorter than prosternal process, with truncate posterior angle. Metasternum 3.5 times wider than long, smooth and glabrous, 5.3 times longer than mesosternal process. Metepimeron ( Fig. 71 ) with deep depression apically and smooth surface; elytral disc with confluent, obscured punctation in lateral view; epipleural ridge with sharp, curved denticular expansion projecting over the metepisternum. Elytra with dense, fine, confused punctation clustered at the parascutellar disc; anterior angle rounded; humeral ridge absent; disc with 2 longitudinal ridges, one closer to suture, departing from anterior margin extending to basal third of disc, one departing from humerus, extending to basal third of disc; spinose projection ca. 1.5 times shorter than body. Tarsomere II 2.4 times longer than I; III 2 times longer than II and 1.2 times longer than IV. Internal claw 1.5 times longer than external claw. Male terminalia ( Figs. 72–74 ): Same as described for P. minima ( Fig. 52–56 ). Internal sac ( Figs. 75–77 ) membranous, highly convoluted dorsally, with 2 bags bulging dorsally ( Fig. 77 ); surface and inner walls armed with spicules, more concentrated distally, with 2 sclerites (sclt) and 1 short, slender flagellum (flg) medially at the apex. Female terminalia ( Figs. 78–81 ): Same as described for Paranota , except for sternite IX ( Fig. 46 ) with sclerosed region between the 2 plates; tergite X ( Fig. 45 ) with sclerosed plates with sinuous anterior margin and posterior margin rounded and expanded.

Measurements. Thirteen males / 41 females: total length: 9.3–10.0 / 10.1–11.5; greatest elytral width: 7.8–8.3 / 8.1–9.4; pronotal length: 2.8–3.0 / 2.9–3.5; greatest pronotal width: 5.1–5.8 / 5.1–6.1.

Host Plants. Recorded on T. aurea ( Fiebrig 1910) and Lecythis pisonis Cambess. (Lecythidiaceae) ( Silva et al. 1968).

Remarks. Boheman (1854) described P. spinosa and compared it with P. ensifera (as B. gregaria ) ( Figs. 35–36 ) and considered them very similar on the basis of size, prothorax subtly punctate on the sides, anterior angle of elytra prominent, and humeral ridge absent. However, P. ensifera has the anterior angle expanded laterally, forming an oblique angle, and the humeral ridge is poorly marked, whereas P. spinosa has the anterior angle rounded, not expanded laterally, and the humeral ridge is absent.

In his key to the species of Batonota, Wagener (1881) differentiated P. ensifera from P. spinosa by the presence of a carina on elytral disc. However, P. spinosa also has a carina on the disc, though it is less marked than in P. ensifera .

Monrós and Viana (1949) differentiated P. spinosa from P. ensifera by a longer and more convex body, the elytral punctation less coarse, the disc with a brighter spot at the medial region, and the spinose projection not as long as that in P. ensifera . I agree with Monrós and Viana (1949) and add that P. spinosa has the anterior elytral angle rounded, with a ridge not well-marked and incomplete, the elytral disc with two longitudinal ridges, one closer to the suture, departing from the anterior margin, and extending to the basal third of disc and one departing from the humerus and extending to basal third of disc. Paranota ensifera has the anterior elytral angle externally obtuse, with an interrupted and poorly marked ridge, the elytral disc with three longitudinal ridges, two closer to the suture, departing from the anterior margin, and extending to apex, and another departing from the humerus and extending to the basal third of disc. For more comments, see P. ensifera .

Paranota spinosa is quite similar to P. apiculata ( Figs. 82–83 ). Both have the anterior angle of the elytra rounded and the humeral ridge absent. However, P. spinosa has an elongate body, the prosternum with a vestigial antennal sulcus, the metepimeron with a deep depression apically and smooth surface, the elytral disc with confluent and obscured punctation in lateral view, and the epipleural ridge ( Fig. 71 ) with a sharp and curved denticular expansion projecting over the metepisternum. Paranota apiculata has a subquadrangular body, the prosternum with a developed antennal sulcus, the metepimeron elevated medially at the apex, with deep punctures close to the anterior margin, the elytral disc with not confluent punctures closely arranged into rows in lateral view, and the epipleural ridge ( Fig. 84 ) with a blunt denticular expansion projecting over the metepisternum.

Geographic Distribution. R e c o r d e d f r o m Argentina ( Misiones ) , Bolivia, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro), and Paraguay (Distrito Capital, Cordillera) (Borowiec and Świętojańska 2014). New state/province records include Goiás and São Paulo in Brazil and Formosa in Argentina ( Fig. 101 ).

Type Material. Lectotype ( Figs. 69–7 0): Brasil // Type // Mhn // Lectotype \ des. L. Borowiec // NHRS-JLKB \ 000020987 ( SMNH) . Paralectotype: Brasil // Type // Mhn // Lectotype \ des. L. Borowiec ( SMNH) .

Other Material Examined (580). (1 female, DZUP); ARGENTINA: Formosa: (1 female, 5 specimen, DZUP); XI.1952, Dirings lgt. (1 male, 1 female, MZUSP); XII.1953, Dirings lgt. (3 specimens, MZUSP); Gran Guardia , XII.1953, A ., Maller lgt. (2 females, 1 specimen, DZUP) ; BOLIVIA: (2 specimens, MNHN); Chiquitos : (1 specimen, DBET) ; BRAZIL: (1 specimen, MMUE); Goiás: C . Elias lgt. (1 specimen, MMUE); Aragarças , I .1955, F. M. Oliveira lgt. (1 female, MNRJ); I .1955, F. M. Oliveira lgt. (1 male, 1 female, DZUP); Bananeiras , X.1938, B . Pohl lgt. (1 specimen, MZUSP); XII.1935, Campinas, Borgmeier & S . Lopes. lgt. (4 specimen, DZUP); XII.1935, Borgmeier and S . Lopes. lgt. (1 female, MNRJ); 1935, R . Spitz lgt. (5 specimen, DZUP); I .1936, Borgmeier and S . Lopes. lgt. (2 specimens, DZUP); I .1939, Dirings lgt. (1 specimen, MZUSP); Corumbá, Faz. Monjolinho , 14. VI .1949, F . Lane lgt. (4 specimens, DZUP); Goiatuba, (1 female, DZUP); Jataí , I .1955, P. Pereira lgt. (1 specimen, DZUP); Donckier lgt. (2 specimens, DBET); Leopoldo Bulhões , XII.1933, R . Spitz lgt. (1 female, 2 specimens, MMUE); XII.1933, R . Spitz lgt. (1 specimen, DZUP); XI.1937, Dirings lgt. (3 specimens, MZUSP); Minaçú , XII.1987, Monné & Roppa lgt. (4 specimens, DZUP); XII.1987, Monné & Roppa lgt. (1 female, DZUP); Mato Grosso: II.1923 (1 female, DZUP); 2.XI.1961, F. M . Oliveira lgt. (1 specimen, DZUP); Barra do Tapirapé , XI.1964, B . Malkin lgt. (2 females, 2 specimens, DZUP); Cáceres , 13.XI.1984, Buzzi, Mielke, Elias & Casagrande lgt. (3 females, DZUP); 9–11.XI.1984, C . Elias lgt. (2 specimens, DZUP); Chapada , (1 female, USNM); 27.X.1961, F. M . Oliveira lgt. (1 female, 1 specimen, DZUP); Corumbá, (2 specimens, DBET); Cuiabá , 26.X.1953, C. R . Gonçalves lgt. (1 specimen, DZUP); Guaicurus, XI.1938 (3 females, 1 specimen, DZUP); Murtinho , XII.1927, W . Meher lgt. (1 specimen, DZUP); XI.1929, R . Spitz lgt. (1 male, 3 females, 4 specimens, DZUP); XII.1939, W . Meher lgt. (3 specimens, DZUP); Porto Velho, Rio Tapirapé , 30.XII.1964, R. T . Lima lgt. (1 specimen, DZUP); Rio Varccaria , XII.1922, Lane lgt. (8 specimens, DZUP); I . 24 (11 males, 11 females, DZUP); Rio Verde (1 female, MNRJ); XI. 1964, A . Maller lgt. (3 specimen, DZUP); XI. 1964, A . Maller lgt. (1 female, MNRJ); X.1965, A . Maller lgt. (1 specimen, DZUP); Rondonópolis , XI.1950, Dirings lgt. (2 specimens, MZUSP); Rosário-Oeste, XI.1970, Dirings lgt. (24 specimens, MZUSP); III– II.1971, Dirings lgt. (259 specimen, MZUSP); XI.1971, Dirings lgt. (31 specimens, MZUSP); I – II.1972, Dirings lgt. (35 specimen, MZUSP); X.1973, Dirings lgt. (41 specimens, MZUSP); II.1974, Dirings lgt. (9 specimens, MZUSP); Minas Gerais: I .1916 (1 specimen, MMUE); Uberaba, (1 specimen, DBET); Pirapora, 1912, Garbe lgt. (1 female, DZUP); Pará: Santarensinho , Rio Tapajós , II.1964, Dirings lgt. (32 specimens, MZUSP); São Paulo: Franca, (1 male, DZUP); Ihering. lgt. (1 specimen, MMUE); XI.1911, Garbe lgt. (7 specimens, DZUP); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campinha, 17–19.1967, H . Reichardt lgt. (2 females, 3 specimen, DZUP) ; PARAGUAY: Bruch lgt. (3 specimens, MMUE) .

Figures

Figs. 69–81. Paranota spinosa. Male: 69) Holotype, dorsal view; 70) Holotype, lateral view and labels; 71) Metepimeron; 72) Medium lobe, lateral view; 73) Tegmen, dorsal view; 74) Tegmen, lateral view; 75) Internal sac, dorsal view; 76) Internal sac, lateral view; 77) Internal sac, ventral view; Female: 78) Sternite VIII; 79) Sternite IX; 80) Spermatheca; 81) Tergite X. flg = flagellum; sclt = sclerite. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 98–102. Geographic distribution of Paranota species. 98) P. ensifera; 99) P. minima; 100) P. rugosa;

Figs. 47–56. Paranota minima, male. 47) Dorsal view; 48) Lateral view; 49) Holotype, dorsal view; 50) Holotype, lateral view; 51) Holotype labels; 52) Median lobe, lateral view; 53) Tegmen, dorsal view; 54) Tegmen, lateral view; 55) Apex of median lobe, dorsal view; 56) Apex of median lobe, ventral view. o = ostium. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 35–46. Paranota ensifera. Male: 35) Lectotype, dorsal view; 36) Lectotype, lateral view and labels; 37) Protarsomere; 38) Claws; 39) Median lobe, lateral view; 40) Tegmen, dorsal view; 41) Tegmen, lateral view; Female: 42) Abdomen; 43) Sternite VIII; 44) Spermatheca; 45) Tergite X; 46) Sternite IX. ma = manubrium. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 82–97. Paranota apiculata: 82) Lectotype, dorsal view; 83) Lectotype, lateral view and labels; 84) Metepimeron. Dorynota parallela: Male: 85) Paralectotype, dorsal view; 86) Paralectotype, lateral view and labels; 87) Claws; 88) Medium lobe, lateral view; 89) Tegmen, dorsal view; 90) Tegmen, lateral view; 91) Internal sac, dorsal view; 92) Internal sac, lateral view; 93) Internal sac, ventral view; Female: 94) Spermatheca; 95) Sternite VIII; 96) Sternite IX; 97) Tergite X. sa = sinous arm. Scale bars = 1 mm.