Ochyrocera ritxoo, Brescovit & Zampaulo & Cizauskas, 2021

Brescovit, Antonio D., Zampaulo, Robson de A. & Cizauskas, Igor, 2021, The first two blind troglobitic spiders of the genus Ochyrocera from caves in Floresta Nacional de Carajas, state of Para, Brazil (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae), ZooKeys 1031, pp. 143-159 : 143

Ochyrocera ritxoo sp. nov. Figs 7 , 8 , 9 , 10

Type material.

Holotype male from Cave S11C_0201 (6°22'01"S, 50°23'07"W), FLONA de Carajás, Canaã dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil, 27/VII/2015, BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental col. (IBSP 193194). Paratype female from Cave S11C_0052 (6°23'56"S, 50°22'46"W), FLONA de Carajás, Canaã dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil, 09/III/2016, BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental col. (IBSP 193196),

Other material examined.

Brazil. Pará: Canaã dos Carajás, FLONA de Carajás, Cave S 11C_0194 (6°24'20"S, 50°23'34"W), 12/III/2016, 1♂ (IBSP 193078); Cave S 11C_0046 (6°24'02"S, 50°22'43"W), 19/IV/2016, 1♀ imm. (IBSP 193083), all collected by BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental; Cave S 11D_0064 (710) (6°23'31"S, 50°18'48"W), 13-30/I/2010, R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas et al. col., 1♂ 1♀ 3 imm. (IBSP 174071); 10-19/V/2011, D. Bebiano col., 1♀ (IBSP 196512); Cave S 11D_0064 (710) (6°23'31"S, 50°18'48"W), 13-30/I/2010, 1♀ (IBSP 196513); 01-14/VII/2010, R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas et al. col., 2♀ (IBSP 196514); 2♂ (IBSP 196515; SEM); Cave S 11D_0096 (742) (6°23'37"S, 50°19'27"W), 13-30/I/2010, 1♂ (IBSP 196481); Cave S 11D_0064 (710) (6°23'31"S, 50°18'48"W), 13-30/I/2010, 1♀ (IBSP 196482); Cave S 11D_0064 (710) (6°23'31"S, 50°18'48"W), 1-14/VII/2010, 1♂ 1♀ (IBSP 196483) all collected by R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas et al.; Cave S 11B_078 (6°21'33"S, 50°23'54"W), 28/IX/2018, Ativo Ambiental col. 1♂ (IBSP 260308) .

Diagnosis.

Ochyrocera ritxoo sp. nov. is distinguished from O. ritxoco sp. nov. by having the embolus as long as the bulb of the male palp (Figs 7C-F , 8A, B ) while O. ritxoco sp. nov. have an elongated embolus, which is two times longer than the bulb in the male palp (Fig. 1F ), and by a short and striped distal area of the spermathecae and a shorter columnar uterus externus with approximately 3-4 internal chambers in the female genitalia (Fig. 8C, D ) while the other species have a long and globose distal area in the spermathecae and an elongated columnar uterus externus with approximately eight internal chambers (Fig. 2C, D ).

Description.

Male (IBSP 193194) Total length 0.90. Carapace length 0.40, ovoid, narrowing gradually anteriorly, cream-colored and bright, pars cephalic flat, fovea absent (Fig. 7A ). Clypeus with two pairs of long bristles (Fig. 9A ). Eyes absent. Chelicerae light yellow, promargin with three teeth attached to a very long lamina (Fig. 9B ); retromargin without teeth. Sternum cream-colored. Endites and labium as for O. ritxoco sp. nov.. Legs cream-colored, formula 1423, total length I 5.6, II 5.1, III 4.2, IV 5.4. Male palp with palpal femur length 0.03, palpal tibia enlarged, shorter than cymbium, with two long dorsal trichobothria (Fig. 8E ), cymbium enlarged basally, slightly curved distally, bearing short apical cuspule; paired long setae on non-projected bases retrolaterally, elongated tarsal organ as in O. ritxoco sp. nov., basal setae on the rounded cymbial prolateral extension (Fig. 9F-H ), bulb oval, embolus flattened, as long as cymbium (Fig. 7C-F , 8A, B ). Abdomen length 0.6, oval, uniformly gray. Six epiandrous spigots with a short base.

Female. (Paratype IBSP 193196). Total length 1.0. Carapace length 0.35, as in male (Fig. 7B ). Pedipalp without claw, with conical tip and subdistal trichobothrium. Clypeus, eyes, chelicerae, sternum, endites, and labium as in male. Legs as in male, formula 4123, total length I 5.3, II 4.9, III 4, IV 5.4. Abdomen length 0.65. Colulus triangular with six long bristles. Internal genitalia with enlarged spermathecae under the small pore-plate; medial columnar uterus externus short, internally with few visible chambers. Uterus externus ending in a narrow neck. Oval pore-plates on spermathecae with approximately 10-20 glandular ducts (Fig. 8C, D ).

Etymology.

The specific name Ritxòò also means "ceramic dolls" but in the male language of the Karajá people, an indigenous population of the region. The making of these dolls, however, is an exclusive activity of women ( Silva 2015).

Natural history.

Ochyrocera ritxoo sp. nov. is a small troglobitic spider that is exclusive to caves in the Carajás karst region. Specimens were collected only in aphotic zones of caves. The observed sex ratio for the species was 1.4F:1M (N = 17). Ochyrocera ritxoo sp. nov. was generally found in large cavities with horizontal projections varying from 26 to 245 meters (N = 7, mean = 102 m). These caves have one to three entrances and are located in all compartments of the Serra Sul landscape (top, high, medium and low slopes). All caves have aphotic zones and other troglobitic species were found in most caves, with the richness of troglobitic species per cave varying between one and six (average of four). The following taxa were found: spiders - Gnaphosidae ( Paracymbiomma carajas Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018), Caponiidae ( Carajas paraua Brescovit & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2016) and Tetrablemmidae ( Matta sp.); tailless whip scorpions - Charinidae ( Charinus ferreus Giupponi & Miranda, 2016); pseudoscorpions, Chthoniidae ; diplopods - Glomeridesmidae ( Glomeridesmus sp.), Pyrgodesmidae , Pseudonannolenidae ( Pseudonannolene spp.); springtails - Sminthuridae , Paronellidae ; and beetles - Staphylinidae ( Pselaphinae ).

Distribution.

Known exclusively from caves in a range of approximately 10 km of the Serra Sul (South Mountain), FLONA de Carajás, Canaã dos Carajás, state of Pará, northern Brazil (Fig. 10 ).

Figures

Figure 1. Ochyrocera ritxoco sp. nov., male IBSP 186160 (A, C-F), female IBSP 186146 (B) A, B habitus, dorsal view C left male palp, retrolateral view D same, prolateral view E right male palp, ventral view F same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = cymbium, CE = cymbial extension, E = embolus, T = tegulum.

Figure 2. Ochyrocera ritxoco sp. nov. (A, B) A left male palp IBSP 186149, retrolateral view B same, prolateral view (C, D) C female genitalia IBSP 186149, enzyme cleared, dorsal view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = cymbium, CUE = columnar uterus externus, E = embolus, NUE = neck of uterus externus, PP = pore-plate, SP = spermathecae, T = tegulum, UE = uterus externus.

Figure 7. Ochyrocera ritxoo sp. nov., male IBSP 193194 (A, C-F), female IBSP 193196 (B) A, B habitus, dorsal view C left male palp, retrolateral view D same, prolateral view E right male palp, dorsal view F same, retro-ventral view. Abbreviations: C = cymbium, CE = cymbial extension, E = embolus, T = tegulum.

Figure 8. Ochyrocera ritxoo sp. nov. (A, B) A left male palp IBSP 193194, retrolateral view B same, prolateral view (C, D) C female genitalia IBSP 1741071, enzyme cleared, dorsal view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = cymbium, CE = cymbial extension, CUE = columnar uterus externus, E = embolus, NUE = neck of uterus externus, PP = pore-plate, SP = spermathecae, T = tegulum, UE = uterus externus.

Figure 9. SEM images of Ochyrocera ritxoo sp. nov., male IBSP 196515 (A-H) A carapace, dorsal view B chelicerae, frontal view C cymbium, dorsal view D same, tarsal organ, detail E tibia of palp, trichobothria, apical dorsal view F cymbium, prolateral view G same, basal macrosetae, retrolateral view H same, cuspule, prolateral view.

Figure 10. Distribution map of Ochyrocera ritxoco sp. nov., yellow triangles, and Ochyrocera ritxoo sp. nov., red plus signs, in FLONA de Carajas, Para, Brazil.