Ascodipteron phyllorhinae Adensamer, 1896

Hastriter, Michael W., 2007, A review of Ascodipterinae (Diptera: Streblidae) of the Oriental and Australasian regions with a description of three new species of Ascodipteron Adensamer and a key to the subfamily, Zootaxa 1636 (1), pp. 1-32 : 13-17

Ascodipteron phyllorhinae Adensamer, 1896

( Fig. 6 )

Ascodipteron phyllorhinae Adensamer, 1896: 400–416 ; Bezzi, 1916: 179; Stiles and Nolan, 1931: 659; Maa, 1965b: 384; Theodor, 1973: 558.

Ascodipteron emballonurae Banks, 1911: 149–151 . New synonymy.

Ascodipteron archboldi Maa, 1971: 16–17 . New synonymy.

Neotype designation for Ascodipteron phyllorhinae Adensamer. Described from a single dealate female collected in Java, Indonesia from “ Phyllorhina ”, a bat genus now recognized as Rhinolophus (see remarks). The holotype was either sacrificed during sectioning for Adensamer’s internal study of this species, or the sole specimen on which the species was based was dissected. His description provided detailed illustrations of the internal anatomy of the species but external characteristics were confined to a rather generic view of the neosome and the genital aperture. These features did not provide detailed diagnostic criteria; however, Adensamer’s illustrations demonstrated external anatomical features consistent with those of A. archboldi and A. emballonurae . The chief justifications for establishing a neotype for A. phyllorhinae based on a paratype of A. archboldi are the similarities of the neosome and genital aperture, specificity of the host, site of attachment, and sympatric distribution. The material examined may prove to represent more than one species; however, the differences are minimal and do not justify recognition of multiple species at this time. Of the hundreds of specimens studied across the entire Oriental and Australasian regions, it was concluded that there are only two previously described sympatric Ascodipteron species , A. phyllorhinae and A. speiserianum . Therefore, the neotype designated below for A. archboldi was selected as the neotype for A. phyllorhinae , thereby establishing the two names as objective synonyms. NEOTYPE, dealate female, Australia: Queensland, Chillagoe Caves, ex. H. diadema reginae = H. diadema , 19 VII 1959, R.F. Peterson, (slide AMNH 5006B, AMNH).

Lectotype designation for Ascodipteron emballonurae Banks. Described from an unspecified number of dealate female syntypes removed from the “skin of the body” of an unspecified number of museum preserved Emballonura alecto in the USNM. Three mounted specimens and five alcohol preserved neosomes were located in the USNM. I mounted four neosomes (only the genital aperture available for one of these), an additional neosome was retained in alcohol, and a lectotype was selected from one of the four newly mounted neosomes. LECTOTYPE dealate female, Borneo: Klumpang Bay, ex. Emballonura alecto (mammal no. 152093-102) ( V), “skin of body”, II 1908, W.L. Abbott, slide USNM-13730A, USNM. Paralectotypes: 3 dealate females bearing red USNM labels, same data as lectotype; 3 dealate females, same data as lectotype, USNM-13730B–D, and one neosome preserved in alcohol, same data as lectotype, USNM-13730E, USNM.

Neotype designation for Ascodipteron archboldi Maa. Described from nine dealate females, all from Hipposideros diadema . Maa’s (1971: 16) type series consisted of one specimen from Australia, Queensland, Gordon Mine [Cape York, Zion Range, 250 km west of Cairns] and eight specimens from Australia, Queensland, Chillagoe Caves [Cape York, Zion Range, 250 km west of Cairns]. Data contained in the vial of the latter (containing six neosomes in alcohol) indicated that two of the original eight specimens had been mounted as slides #1179 and #1201. [Note: neosomes in alcohol can only be tentatively identified to species] The holotype female presumed to be one of the mounted slide preparations (not stated by Maa) was reportedly deposited in the ANIC. Neither slide #1179 or #1201 could be located. NEOTYPE dealate female (originally a paratype of A. archboldi and designated herein as neotype of A. phyllorhinae ), Australia: Queensland, Chillagoe Caves, ex. H. diadema reginae = H. diadema , 19 VII 1959, R.F. Peterson, (wing, slide AMNH 5006B, an objective synonym of A. phyllorhinae, AMNH ).

Material Examined. Australia: Queensland, Gordon Mine, ex. H. diadema , 13 VI 1948, Archbold Expedition, (2, wing, BM-1023A–B [ Maa (1971: 16) cited only one of these in his type series], BPBM); Queensland, Chillagoe Caves, ex. H. diadema , 19 VII 1959, R.F. Peterson, (5, wing, slides AMNH-5006A,C– F, AMNH). China: Jing Xin County Provincial Nature Reserve, 978m, 23°07'21"N, 105°57'49"E, Guangxi Province, ex. Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield ( V) ( ROM- 116121/ F47347 ), 2 X 2004, Sarah E. Bush, (2, ROM- 116121/ F47347 A, DNA voucher, BYU, ROM- 116121/ F47347 B, ROM); same data except 27 IX 2004, (1, ROM- 116086/ F47312 , ROM). Indonesia: Amboina, ex. H. diadema ( V) (Leiden #205), 1864, Hoedt, (1, wing, Leiden-4009, RMNH); Sumatra, Cave on Kulungan, nr Lasikin, Simalur, ex. Hipposideros larvatus (Horsfield) ( V) (Leiden #1724), IV 1913, E. Jacobson, (3, 16 neosomes in alcohol, Leiden-4015 A-C, RMNH); Sumatra, Sulu Bambi, ex. H. larvatus ( V) (Leiden #1727), IV 1913, E. Jacobson, (1, wing, Leiden- 4014, RMNH). Malaysia: Pahang, Kota Gelanggi, ex. H. larvatus , 7 VII 1967, A.J. Beck, (6, A-106A–B, A- 112A–D, BOHART); Pahang, Bukit Cheras, Panching, ex. H. diadema , 4 II 1966, (2, BM-1037A–B, BPBM); Pahang, Bentong, Bukit Chintamani, ex. H. diadema (RH-49–50), 2 XI 1966, Adrian G. Marshall, (1, BM- 1038, BPBM); Kedah, Kisap Forest Reserve, Pulau Langkawi, ex. H. armiger , 31 XII 1967, (1, BM-1033, BPBM); Kedah, ex. H. armiger , (1, BM-1046, BPBM); Kedah, cave nr Kuah, Pulau Lankawi, ex. H. armiger , 31 XII 1967, (2, wing, BM-1049A–B, BPBM); Perlis, 2.4 km W Ayer Mata, ex. H. armiger , 12 X 1967, A.J. Beck, (3, A-107, wing, A-109A–B, BOHART); Perlis, Kaki Bukit, ex. H. armiger , 11 X 1967, A.J. Beck, (4, A-110A–D, BOHART); Perlis, Kaki Bukit, ex. H. armiger (RH-82, RH-85), 18 II 1968, Wang Kelier, (2, wing, ROM- 6002, 1 larva in genitalia vial, ROM- 6003, ROM); Perlis, Kaki Bukit, ex. H. bicolor (RH-114), 23 II 1968, Wang Kelier, (2, wing, ROM- 6004A–B, ROM); Selangor, Ulu Gombok, ex. H. diadema (RH-243), 2 XI 1967, A.G. Marshall, (1, BM-1026, BPBM); Selangor, Batu Caves, ex. H. diadema (27 III 1975, David Stiller, (1, attachment site not specified, BM-1000, 3, 1 larva in genitalia vial, urogenital area, BM-1011, BM- 1012, BM-1013, BPBM); Selangor, Batu Cave, ex. H. diadema , (1, “appears to be on femur”, BM-1045, BPBM); Selangor, Batu Caves, ex. H. diadema vicarius Andersen = H. diadema ( V) ( AMNH #108377), 1 X 1910, W. Beebe, (2, AMNH-5008A–B, AMNH); Selangor, Batu Caves, ex. H. diadema , 23 III 1967, A.J. Beck, (2, A-108A–B, BOHART); same data except 24 V 1967, (3, A113A–C, BOHART); same data except 15 IX 1966, (1, A-111, BOHART); same data except 30 XII 1965, (2, A-102A–B/British Museum #1981-152, BMNH); Selangor, Batu Cave, ex. Hipposideros sp. , 22 VIII 2004, K. Dittmar, (1, wing, A-115/VIP#1, DNA voucher, BYU). Myanmar: Tenasserim: Meetan Valle del Fiume Houn Daraw, ex. H. diadema, IV 1887 , L. Fea, (1, “lower chin”, Genova-2002, BPBM); Cave, 10 km W Haibum, ex. Hipposideros bicolor gentilis Andersen = H. pomona ( V) ( AMNH #112802–112892), 5 III 1935, R.C. Raven, (8, wing, AMNH-5007A–H, AMNH). Papua New Guinea: Fly River, 10 km below Palmer Jet, nr Sturt Island, ex. H. diadema ( V) ( AMNH #108637), 4 VI 1936, Archbold Tate, (2, urogenital area, AMNH-5009, AMNH-5010, AMNH); Javarere Caves, 610m, 73 km NE Port Morsby, ex. H. diadema ( V) (BBM-28344–28345), 23 VIII 1966, N. Wilson and R. Mitchell, (1, BM-1024, BPBM); Kerovodt, ex. Hipposideros sp. , 21–23 XI 1959, (3, 14 neosomes in alcohol, BM-1029A–C, BPBM); Cape Vogel Peninsula, Tapitapipi Caves, Dabora, ex. H. diadema pullatus = H. diadema ( V) (A.E. 11779–11798), 9 IV 1953, H.M. Van Deusen, (3, 12 neosomes in alcohol, BM- 1042A–C, BPBM); Milne Bay Province, Cape Vogel Peninsula, Gwagwame Cave, Tapio, ex. H. diadema pullatus = H. diadema ( V) (A.E. #13655, 13658), 22 VIII 1953, H.M. Van Deusen, (3, BM-1050A–C, BPBM); Morobe Province, Finchafen, 6°36'S, 147°51'E, ex. H. diadema ( V) (#27640), 10 IV 1963, H. Clissold, (1, BM-1032, BPBM); New Britain, Gaulim, “bat”, 20 XI 1962, H. Clissold, (1, BM-1021, BPBM); same except ex. H. diadema ( V) (#20825), 20 XI 1962, H. Clissold, (1, BBM-20825, BPBM); Gaulim, ex. H diadema griseus (Meyen) = H. diadema ( V) (#20812), 21 XI 1962, H. Clissold, (3 + 1 larva in genitalia vial, BBM-NG- 20846A–C, 1, BBM-20847, 1, BBM-NG-20851, BPBM); same data except ex. H. diadema griseus = H. diadema ( V) (#20949), (1, BBM-NG-20955, BPBM); same except ex. H. cervinus cervinus (Gould) ( V) (#20814), (2, BBM-20853, BPBM); New Ireland, Hilalon, coastal cave on E coast, ex. H. diadema , 20 V 1960, J. Huon de Navrancourt, (1, 1 larva in genitalia vial, BM-1040, BPBM). Philippine Islands: ex. H. diadema griseus = H. diadema ( V) ( AMNH #85186), 1 I 1933, L.H. Phillips, (1, “behind anus”, AMNH-5005, AMNH). Solomon Islands: Nambusasa (S of Malangona), Choiseul S.L., ex. H. diadema ( V) (BBM-23696– 23697, 23699), 19 III 1964, P. Temple, (3, BM-1019, BM-1020, BM-1022, BPBM); Buka Island, Buka Agriculture Experiment Station, ex. Hipposideros sp. (TMP-1471–1481), 5 XII 1959, (1, BM-1036, BPBM). Thailand: Korat, Ta Ma Phang, Pak Chong, ex. H. larvatus (A-95), 27 VII 1974, Khai Yai, (1, BM-1010, BPBM). Vietnam: Dong Nai Province, Cat Tien National Park, 11°25'N, 107°26'E, 100m, ex. H. larvatus ( V) ( ROM-F 44220), 14 V 1998, J. Eger and B. Lim, (1, ROM- 110894/ F44220 , ROM); Quang Nam Province, 15°16'N, 108°09'E, 8 km ENE Nuoc Xa, 200 m, ex. H. pomona Andersen ( V) ( F44601 , F44620 , F44621 ), 1– 3-IV 1999, J. Eger and B. Lim, (1 cleared head thorax/genital aperture (ht/g.a.) in alcohol, wing, ROM- 111371/ F44601 B, 1 slide + 1 larva in alcohol, wing, ROM- 111390/ F44620 , 1 uncleared neosome in alcohol, ROM- 111391/ F44621 , ROM); Quang Nam Province, 15°14'N, 108°02'E, Noc Ong Toan, Tran Don, ex. H. pomona ( V) ( F44585 ), 26 III 1999, J. Eger and B. Lim, (1, wing, 1 cleared ht in alcohol, ROM- 111355/ F44585 A-B, ROM); Quang Nam Province, 15°14'N, 108°02'E, Noc Ong Toan, Tran Don, ex. H. pomona ( V) ( F44569 , F44571 , F44577 , F44586 ), 25-26 III 1999, J. Eger and B. Lim, (3 cleared ht/g.a. in alcohol, ROM- 111339/ F44569 , ROM- 111341/ F44571 , ROM- 111347/ F44577 ), 1 uncleared neosome in alcohol, wing, ROM- 111356/ F44586 , ROM); Quang Nam Province, 15°12'N, 108°02'E, Ngoc Linh base camp, 10 km SW Nuoc Xa, ex. H. larvatus ( V) ( F44540 ), 18 III 1999, J. Eger and B. Lim, (1 ht/g.a. in alcohol, ROM- 111310/ F44540 , ROM); Tuyen Quang Province, 22°20'N, 105°25'E, Na Hang Nature Reserve, ex. H. larvatus ( V) ( F42591 ), 16 V 1997, J. Eger, B. Lim and L. Mitchell, (1, ROM- 107616/ F42591 A, ROM); same data except 22°27'N, 105°38'E, ex. H. pomona ( V) ( F42519 ), 11–13 V 1997, (1, wing, ROM- 107547/ F42519 , ROM); same data except 22°20'N, 105°25'E, ex. H. larvatus ( V) ( F42587 ), 16 V 1997, (1, wing, ROM- 107612/ F42587 , ROM); Vinh Phu Province, 22°27'N, 105°38'E, 20 km NW Tam Dao, 900 m, ex. H. pomona ( V) ( F42520 , F42523 ), 11–13 V 1997, J. Eger, B. Lim, L. Mitchell, and M. Theberge, (1, wing, ROM- 107548/ F42520 , 1 ht in alcohol, wing, ROM-?/ F42523 , ROM). West Papua: Djidmaoe, Vogelkop, ex. Hipposideros

sp., 13 VI 1952, Brongersma and Roosdorp, (1, urogenital area, BM-1035, BPBM); Wersar, ex. Hipposideros sp. , Mrs. Marcus v.d. Nieuwenhuiser, (1, urogenital area, BM-1028, BPBM); Humboldt Bay, grotto nr Lake Santani, ex. H. calcaratus (Dobson) , 9 IV 1903, Humboldt Bay Expedition, (2, “ventor of hind leg”, Leiden- 4011, Leiden-4012, RMNH).

Diagnosis. Separable from A. wenzeli by the presence of long setae on the mesosternum and metasternum, from A. speiserianum by the presence of sharp and robust peg-like spiniform setae on the labial theca that equal those on gena, from A. egeri by numerous hairs on the dorsum of the labial theca, from A. longiascus by the pointed apex of the gena, and from all extralimital species by characters noted in key.

Description. Head ( Figs. 6A–D ). Dorsal labial theca with 18–20 lightly pigmented peg-like spiniform setae on lateral 1/3; equal in appearance to those on gena. Anterior, medial, and posterior areas without spiniforms or other setae. Posterior margin of dorsal labial theca gently concave, ventral margin convex. Ventral surface with two patches of 46–50 similar spiniform setae separated by 18–20 scattered fine setae between the patches. Lateral vertex with convex anterior medial margin; adorned with 30–34 long setae (excluding anterior marginal setae, most appear papilla-like, or broken off); length about twice width. Gena with 40–44 lightly pigmented spiniform setae on dorsal half; anterior margin convex. Occipital sclerite variable; with two anterior lobes (triangular to lobate) separated by a broad to angular cleavage medially. Thorax ( Figs. 6E–F ). Scutum with many long slender setae along lateral 1/3 of the margin; setae absent in medial 2/3. Scutellum with pair of setae on dorsolateral margins. Chaetotaxy of mesopleuron highly variable; prespiracular setae of 8–9 fine setae and postspiracular setae with ca. 20 setae comprised of 3 ventral small pigmented spiniform setae (smaller than those on gena or labial theca) and 17 long slender setae dorsad [number of spiniform versus slender setae variable from specimen to specimen]. Pteropleuron with 30 sharp setae; longer setae more dorsal. Hypopleuron and sternopleuron without setae. Mesosternum and metasternum each with numerous long slender setae. Coxa 1 with 8–10 small darkly pigmented spiniform setae on anterior margin; Coxa 2 with long setae on posterior margin (in lateral aspect). Trochanters 1 and 2 club-shaped with 6–8 and 4 dark spiniform setae, respectively. Coxa 3 with many setae on mesal surface; 8–10 on lateral margin. Genital Aperture ( Figs. 10A–C ). R1–R2 spiniform setae shorter than lightly pigmented basal plate. R3–R5 of fine setae. VSS of 10 similar setae; 8 arranged in a row with the end setae set at a right angle to those in the row. MSS with 2 setae near spiracle #6 and one seta more ventrolateral. DSS with 4 setae. All setae except those on R1–R2 arise from sclerotized basal papillae, are fine and ca. 3x as long as width of sclerotized papilla. Cercus 60µ in diameter, with 5–6 long setae.

Dimensions. Head and thorax: 1435µ (n = 26, range: 1149–1732µ); Labial theca, length: 484µ (n = 28, range: 385–566µ), width: 449µ (n = 28, range: 382–560µ); Genital aperture, diameter: 1163µ (n = 24, range: 831–1549µ); neosome, length: 4500µ (n = 56, range: 2000–6000µ) ( Table 1).

Remarks. The preferred hosts of A. phyllorhinae are species of Hipposideros , particularly H. diadema . Therefore, the Javanese specimen described by Adensamer may have been collected from a Hipposideros species that was misidentified as “ Phyllorhina ”.

Ascodipteron archboldi and A. phyllorhinae are now objective synonyms sharing the same neotype, providing a concrete means of re-evaluating A. emballonurae collected only from Borneo. A comparison of the neotype with the lectotype and paralectotypes of A. emballonurae clearly justifies placing the latter as a junior synonym of A. phyllorhinae . It should be noted that specimens referred to as A. emballonurae by Hastriter et al. (2006: 64–65) represent A. phyllorhinae .

It is puzzling how Maa (1965a) assigned two African species and a third species from the Oriental Region, A. phyllorhinae , to the “phyllorhinae group”, in the absence of an adequate description of external morphology, and without the type of A. phyllorhinae being available for examination. Equally questionable might be the listing by Theodor (1973) of three specimens of A. phyllorhinae collected by A.J. Beck from H. diadema from Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia. Although he did not discuss on what he based his identification, Theodor evidently based his taxonomic conclusion on geography, host specificity, and site of attachment. These and other material collected by A.J. Beck from Batu Caves and additional material collected by David Stiller from the same caves from H. diadema were examined. Although Stiller (1976) thought his specimens represented a new species (never described), a comparison of the collections of Beck and Stiller with the neotype of A. archboldi and lectotype of A. emballonurae proved they were conspecific and indeed synonymous with A. phyllorhinae .

With exception of E. alecto (Borneo) and R. pearsonii ( China) , A. phyllorhinae is restricted to four confirmed species of Hipposideros ( H. cervinus , H. diadema , H. larvatus , and H. pomona ) and three other species ( H. armiger , H. bicolor and H. calcaratus ) whose field identifications were not verifiable. Preferential attachment sites are on the wing (upper and lower arms and phalanges) with infrequent occurrence on the urogenital area and at base of the ears.

Figures

FIGURE 6. A–F. Ascodipteron phyllorhinae, ex. H. diadema, Australia. A. Labial theca, dorsal (AMNH-5006A). B. Peg-like setae on labial theca (AMNH-5006B). C. Peg-like setae on gena (AMNH-5006B). D. Lateral vertex (AMNH- 5006A). E. Lateral thorax (AMNH-5006B). F. Sternum (AMNH-5006C). Scale A, E = 200µ, D, F = 100µ.

FIGURE 10. A–G. Genital aperture. A. Ascodipteron phyllorhinae (AMNH-5006A, ex. H. diadema, Australia. B. Short, thick setae in R4 and thin setae in R5, A. phyllorhinae (AMNH-5006A). C. Short, thick setae in R1 and R2 (R3 not illustrated are thin setae), A. phyllorhinae (AMNH-5006A). D. Ascodipteron speiserianum (A-103B, lectotype, ex. M. schreibersi, Amboina, Indonesia). E. Five terminal annular rows of setae, A. speiserianum (Leiden-4019A, ex. Miniopterus sp., Java). F. Ascodipteron wenzeli sp. nov. (F-38470A, paratype, ex. R. paradoxolophus, Vietnam). G. Two thin setae in R4 and three thick setae in R3, A. wenzeli sp. nov. (F38470A, paratype).