Femorbiona brachyptera (Zhu & Chen, 2012) Zhang & Yu & Li, 2021

Zhang, Jianshuang, Yu, Hao & Li, Shuqiang, 2021, Femorbiona gen. nov., a new genus of sac spiders (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Southeast Asia, ZooKeys 1052, pp. 25-41 : 25

Femorbiona brachyptera (Zhu & Chen, 2012) comb. nov.

Figs 1 , 2 , 7A

Clubiona brachyptera Zhu & Chen, in Zhu et al. 2012: 53, figs 1-12 (♂♀).

Type material.

Holotype ♂ (MHU), paratypes 3♂4♀ (MHU), China: Hainan Island: Qiongzhong County, Mt. Limu, natural forest, 19°16.012'N, 109°46.048'E, ca. 650 m, 28.VIII.2010, J. Liu and H.Q. Ren leg.

Diagnosis.

Femorbiona brachyptera resembles the species F. phami sp. nov. and F. shenzhen sp. nov. by the general shape of the palp and the endogyne. Males of F. brachyptera can be easily distinguished from the two congeners by the weakly sclerotised conductor (vs. absent) (cf. Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B, C ) and the abdomen dorsally marked with numerous brown spots (vs. abdomen without distinct pattern or markings) (cf. Fig. 2E and Figs 4E , 6E ). Females of F. brachyptera can be easily recognised by the strongly convoluted dorsal part of the spermathecae, which follows a double S-shaped course (Fig. 2C, D ) (vs. moderately convoluted, following an S-shaped course in F. phami sp. nov., as in Fig. 4C, D ; not convoluted, following a C-shaped course in F. shenzhen sp. nov., as in Fig. 6C, D ).

Description.

Male. Paratype (Fig. 2E, F ): Total length 3.14; carapace 1.43 long, 1.04 wide; opisthosoma 1.71 long, 0.92 wide. Carapace light orange, uniformly coloured, without distinct pattern. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER slightly wider than AER, almost straight in dorsal view. AME dark, other eyes light; with black rings. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.11, PME 0.08, PLE 0.10, AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.08, MOQL 0.24, MOQA 0.21, MOQP 0.38. Chelicerae coloured as carapace, with 5 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Labium and endites coloured as chelicerae, longer than wide. Sternum yellowish white. Legs coloured as sternum, without distinct markings. Leg measurements: I 2.90 (0.81, 1.19, 0.52, 0.38), II 3.24 (0.97, 1.30, 0.60, 0.37), III 2.62 (0.80, 0.67, 0.25, 2.62), IV 3.90 (1.14, 1.34, 1.04, 0.38). Abdomen elongate-oval, dorsally and laterally marked with numerous brown spots, dorsum centrally with one pair of inconspicuous muscle depressions; venter white with no distinct pattern.

Palp (Figs 1A-E , 7A ): Femur with short retrolateral apophysis originating proximally; FA ca. 1/3 length of femur, thin distally, wide basally, shaped like a short wing of a bird or dorsal fin of a fish in retrolateral view. Patella 1.75 × longer and 1.3-1.5 × wider than tibia, prolaterally with round apophysis. Tibia cup shaped, relatively short, <1/4 of cymbium length, ventro-retrolateral tibial apophysis subtriangular, with blunt tip. Tegulum elongate, oval, prolapsed, ca. 1.7 × longer than wide; sperm duct indistinct, S-shaped in ventral view. Embolus claw shaped, base an enlarged tubercle, originating on prolateral flank (approximately 10 o’clock on tegulum), gradually tapered toward tip; embolar apex needle-like, <1/6 of base length, apex sharp, ventro-distally pointed. Conductor sclerotised, short, 1/14-1/13 of tegulum length, elliptical, slightly curved around embolus.

Female. Paratype (Fig. 2G, H ): total length 3.74; carapace 1.46 long, 1.02 wide; opisthosoma 2.28 long, 1.23 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.09, PLE 0.08, AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.07, MOQL 0.19, MOQA 0.19, MOQP 0.34. Legs yellowish white, without distinct markings. Leg measurements: I 2.68 (0.76, 1.07, 0.48, 0.37), II 2.85 (0.82, 1.17, 0.53, 0.32), III 2.53 (0.75, 0.87, 0.61, 0.29), IV 3.75 (1.11, 1.27, 1.00, 0.436). Similar to males but slightly larger and darker.

Epigyne (Fig. 2A-D ). Epigynal plate ca. 1.35 × wider than long, margins slightly rebordered; arrangement of vulva imperceptible through transparent integument in ventral view. Hood located posteriorly on epigynal plate, ca. 1/2 of epigyne width, slightly procurved, V-shaped or horizontal. Copulatory openings circular, located at lateral border of hood, separated by ca. 3 diameters. Copulatory ducts thick, covered by large spermathecae in dorsal view, directed anteriorly, then connected to spermathecae. Spermathecae long, tubular, sinuous, dorsal part strongly convoluted, following a double S-shaped course, ventral part almost parallel, ascending> 2/3 the length of epigynal plate. Bursae oval, translucent, surface smooth, separated by ca. 0.5 × diameters, ca. 1.5 × longer than wide.

Distribution.

China (Hainan).

Figures

Figure 1. Femorbiona brachyptera, paratype male palp A prolateral view B retrolateral view C bulb, prolateral view D bulb, ventral view E bulb, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; EB = embolic base; FA = femoral apophysis; PPA = prolateral patellar apophysis; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 2. Femorbiona brachyptera, female and male paratypes, epigyne (A-D), male habitus (E, F) and female habitus (G, H) A intact, ventral view B cleared, ventral view C cleared, dorsal view D cleared, dorsal view E dorsal view F lateral view G dorsal view H ventral view. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CO = copulatory opening; H = hood; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A-D); 1 mm (E-H).

Figure 4. Femorbiona phami sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype, epigyne (A-D), male habitus (E, F) and female habitus (G, H) A intact, ventral view B cleared, ventral view C cleared, dorsal view D cleared, dorsal view E dorsal view F lateral view G dorsal view H ventral view. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CO = copulatory opening; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A-D); 1 mm (E-H).

Figure 6. Femorbiona shenzhen sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype, epigyne (A-D), male habitus (E, F) and female habitus (G, H) A intact, ventral view B cleared, ventral view C cleared, dorsal view D cleared, dorsal view E dorsal view F lateral view G dorsal view H ventral view. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CO = copulatory opening; H = hood; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A-D); 1 mm (E-H).

Figure 7. Femorbiona spp., left male palp, ventral view A F. brachyptera, paratype B F. phami sp. nov., holotype C F. shenzhen sp. nov., holotype. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; FA = femoral apophysis; EB = embolic base; PPA = prolateral patellar apophysis. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.