Coscinia cribraria ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier & Huertas, Manuel, 2019, Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae), Zootaxa 4615 (3), pp. 401-449 : 408-410

Coscinia cribraria ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Original combination: Phalaena Bombyx cribraria Linnaeus, 1758 . Systema Naturae (Edn. 10) 1, 507

LT. [South Europe] “terris meridionalibus”.

= Bombyx candida Cyrillo, 1787 .

= Bombyx puntigera Freyer , [1834].

= Euprepia inquinata Rambur , [1866].

= Emydia cribum bivittata South, 1900

= Eyprepia nevadensis Oberthür, 1911 .

= Coscinia cribum splendida Dannehl, 1929

= Euprepia arenaria Lempke, 1937 .

= Coscinia cribraria pannonica Daniel.

= Coscinia cribrartia galega Agenjo, 1975 .

= Coscinia cribrartia centralis Agenjo, 1975 .

= Coscinia cribrartia marcosae Agenjo, 1975 .

= Coscinia cribraria guidoi Silva Cruz, 1978 .

Material studied. 1♀ Villanueva de Sigena (Huesca), 215 m, 30TYM42 , 31.V.2004, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg. ; 1♂ Villanueva de Sigena (Huesca), 215 m, 30TYM42 , 27.V.2006, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg. ; 1♂ Villanueva de Sigena (Huesca), 215 m, 30TYM42 , 20.VIII.2010, R. Macià leg. ; 1♂ Coll d´Heures , Collsuspina (Barcelona), 936 m, 31 TDG32 , 21.VIII.2013, R. Macià leg. ; 1♂ Barranco de Mazarra , Baza ( Granada), 727 m, 30 SWG25 , 10.X.2015, R. Macià leg. ; 1♂ Serra d´Enguera , Enguera (Valencia), 758 m, 30 SXJ81 , 12.X.2015, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg. ; 2♂♂ El Cerro, Gredilla la Polera (Burgos), 939 m, 30 TVN40 , 14.VII.2017, R. Macià leg. ; 1♂ Herrería de los Chorros , Tragacete (Cuenca), 1510 m, 30.VII.2009, R. Macià leg. ; 1♂ Font Home Mort , Queralbs (Girona), 1500 m, 20.VII.2006, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg. ; 1♂ Sierra de la Culebra, Ferreres (Zamora), 23. VI.2001, R.Macià & J. Ylla leg. ; 1♂ Villanueva de Sigena (Huesca), 215 m, 30TYM42 , 20.VIII.2010, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg. ; 2♀♀ Sant Joan Abadesses (Girona) 12.IX.1994, R. Macià leg. ; 1♂ Tabernas (Almería), 29.IX.2002, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg. ; 2♂♂ Barranco del Tejo , Güejar Sierra ( Granada), 30.VIII.2016, J. Gastón leg. ; 1♂ Peña del Perro , Sierra Nevada ( Granada), 1850 m, 22.VIII.2014, J. Gastón leg. ; 1♂ Col d´Ornon , Isère ( France), 1392 m, 5.VII.2004, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg. ; 1♂ 1♀ Bio , Lascerede ( France), 17.IX.1999, Florent leg. ; 2♂♂, 1♀ Vallicelli de Monzuno , Bolo- gna ( Italy), 13. VII. 1996, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg. ; 2♂♂ Valdieri , Cuneo ( Italy) 1400 m. 21. VII. 2005, Bonora leg. ; 1♂ Braftschaft , Bentheim ( Germany), 27.VII.1994, Florent leg. ; 2♂♂ Doksy, Bohemia ( Czech Republic), 266 m, 10.VII.1998, R. Macià col. ; 1♂, 1♀ Seoane , Folgoso do Courel (Lugo) 640 m, 1-IX-2007, E. Fernández-Vidal leg. ; 1♀ Moreda , Folgoso do Courel (Lugo) 640 m, 12-VIII-2006, E. Fernández-Vidal leg. ; 2♂♂ Fraga de Cecebre , Cambre (A Coruña) 45 m, 21-VIII-2004, E. Fernández-Vidal leg. ; 1♂ Torre de Hércules (A Coruña) 48 m, 24-VII- 2002, E. Fernández-Vidal leg. ; 2♂♂ 1♀ Torre de Hércules (A Coruña) 48 m, 11-VIII-2002, E. Fernandez-Vidal leg. ; 2♀♀ Ontígola (Toledo), 590 m, 29.IX.2017, A. Expósito leg. ; 1♂ El Robledal, Amavida (Ávila), 1450 m, 14-IX- 2004, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg.

The subspecies Coscinia c. benderi , C. c. ibicenca and C. c. rippertii are discussed separately below, and the studied material of these taxa is mentioned there.

Diagnosis. Female genitalia with a V-shaped longitudinal notch in the posterior edge of the ductus bursae sclerotisation, near the contact area with the sterigma; notch absent in all other Coscinia species.

Description. Imago ( Figs 1–2 ). Average wingspan 38.13 mm (n=15; 36–40 mm).

Genitalia ( Figs 29 ). As for the genus, female genitalia with the corpus bursae divided symmetrically by the strongly sclerotized spinose band, with a weakly sclerotized ductus seminalis, and with a V-shaped longitudinal notch in the posterior edge of the ductus bursae sclerotisation.

Immature stages ( Fig. 45 ). The last instar larva measures 20–24 mm. Dorsal area dark with a longitudinal white dorsal line that may extend slightly to the sides; lateral and ventral sides reddish brown to yellowish brown; verruca D1, D2, SD1 dark brown, L1, L2, L3 light brown. Head capsule and thoracic legs dark brown; abdominal prolegs with 15 to 17 longer nails. Pupa of both sexes light brown and straight; tips of the antennae and pterothecae in contact with each other.

Molecular data. Intraspecific COI p-distances range from 0% to 7.99%, with an average of 4.09% ( Tab. 3 ). The genetic concept of C. cribraria currently comprises six different BINs (black vertical bars on the right side of Fig. 62 ): AAT9511 with 14 specimens, ACM5829 with two specimens, ABZ5211 with 12 specimens, AAD9041 with 13 specimens, AAD9042 with 28 specimens, and ACE7017 with seven specimens. BIN ACE7017 is nested within AAD9042. None of the three subspecies of C. cribraria considered in this study have a unique BIN: C. c. benderi is part of AAD9042, and C. c. ibicenca and C. c. rippertii share the BIN AAT9511 together with two specimens from the French Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur which could not be investigated morphologically.

Three cases of sympatric occurrence of specimens assigned to different BINs are found in our dataset: two of the six specimens collected at Umhausen (Tyrol, Austria) are part of BIN AAD9042, while the other four specimens are part of BIN ABZ5211; two of the three specimens from Kleiner Priol (South Tyrol, Italy) are in BIN ABZ5211, and the third is in BIN AAD9042; one of the two specimens from Cambre (A Coruña, Spain) is in BIN AAD9042, the other one in BIN ACM8529. These cases might be indications of ancient introgression.

In wingless sequences, C. cribraria differs by a maximum of 2 nucleotides (0.6% p-distance) from the other Coscinia taxa investigated for this marker, i.e. C. c. rippertii , C. c. ibicenca, C. c. benderi and C. chrysocephala . Coscinia differs clearly in wingless from the investigated species in other genera, with a difference of 2.69% p-distance from Sagarriella romei , 2.69–3.28% from Spiris striata and 2.69–2.99% from S. bipunctata ( Tab. 3 ).

Coscinia cribraria is strongly supported in the Bayesian inference phylogram (1.00 PP) and moderately supported in the ML phylogram (82% BS). The species forms a weakly supported group (0.92 PP, 54% BS) with C. chrysocephala .

Biology. Univoltine in northern areas and colder localities, with a single generation from June to September, bivoltine in the southernmost warmer, Mediterranean regions, the first generation flying from March to May, the second generation from June to October. Both sexes are nocturnal and are attracted to artificial light. The larvae are polyphagous on various grasses, herbaceous plants and shrubs including Calluna , Erica , Genista , Rubus , Plantago , Taraxacum and Cistus ( Ylla et al. 2010) .

Distribution ( Fig. 51 ). Trans-Palaearctic, present in most of Europe. The species is found in virtually every type of biotope, at altitudes from 0 to 2,500 m and higher. Outside Europe it is distributed through the forest steppe belt of western Kazakhstan and the steppes of Russia, Chinese Turkestan, northern Mongolia, Yakutia and northeast China ( Ylla et al. 2010; Witt & Ronkay 2011).

Remarks. Coscinia cribraria is a polytypic species (sensu Mayr, 1942) with a large morphological variability within its wide geographic distribution, which has resulted in the description of numerous subspecies, races and individual forms. We find this morphological diversity reflected in the COI genetic data, resulting in the recognition of six different DNA Barcode BINs in BOLD. A comprehensive in-depth study of the conglomerate of forms and races of this polytypic species is pending.

Figures

FIGURE 29. C. cribraria cribraria, male and female genitalia, gen. prep. 5727JG m. Tabernas, Almería, (Spain), 5710JG f. Tabernas, Almería, (Spain)

FIGURE 45. Immature state Coscinia cribraria cribraria (picture MH).

FIGURE 51. Distribution map of C. cribraria cribraria.

FIGURE 62. Phylogenetic tree (General Time Reversible model + Gamma distribution) obtained from Bayesian analysis of combined COI Barcode and wingless gene data of the Arctiinae specimens studied; numbers above branches are Posterior Probabilities ≥ 0.90, numbers below branches are Bootstrap values obtained from 1,000 Bootstrap replicates of a Maximum Likelihood analysis conducted with RaxML. Within the C. cribraria clade, the subspecies C. c. benderi, C. c. rippertii and C. c. ibicenca are marked in slightly darker green. The black vertical bars on the right mark BOLD BINs; the specimens of BIN ACE7017 are nested within BIN AAD9042. The scale bar (upper left) represents substitutions per nucleotide position.

FIGURES 1–8. 1. C. cribraria cribraria, male, Villanueva de Sigena, Huesca, (Spain) (coll. RMV); 2. C. cribraria cribraria, female, Villanueva de Sigena, Huesca, (Spain) (coll. RMV); 3. C. cribraria benderi, male, El Abalario, Huelva, (Spain) (coll. RMV); 4. C. cribraria benderi, female, El Abalario, Huelva, (Spain) (coll. RMV); 5. C. cribraria rippertii, male, Llac de Colomers, Val d´Aran, Lleida, (Spain) (coll. RMV); 6. C.cribraria rippertii, female, Llac de Colomers, Val d´Aran, Lleida, (Spain) (coll. RMV); 7. C. cribraria ibicenca, male, Torrent des Fornàs, Eivissa, Balears, (Spain) (coll. RMV); 8. C. cribraria ibicenca, female, Torrent des Fornàs, Eivissa, Balears, (Spain) (coll. RMV).