Dacinae

David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Gracy, R. G. & Sachin, K., 2022, A new genus of fruit fly in subfamily Dacinae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from India, Zootaxa 5195 (6), pp. 585-597 : 592-593

Key to genera of subfamily Dacinae from India

Note: One of us (DLH) regards Zeugodacus as no more than a group of subgenera within Bactrocera (e.g. Hancock & Drew, 2018).

1. Wing with cell bm broader than cell cua; proctiger much smaller than epandrium; glans of phallus sclerotised with subapical lobe................................................................................................ 2

- Wing with cell bm not broader than cua; proctiger larger than epandrium; glans of phallus without prominent subapical lobe. ................................................................................................... 4

2. Abdominal tergites fused; aculeus tip with three pairs of preapical setae [host plants pods and fruit of Asclepiadaceae and Cucurbitaceae ].......................................................................... Dacus Fabricius

- Abdominal tergites separate; aculeus tip with four pairs of preapical setae, sometimes reduced or absent [host plants fruit of numerous families but not Asclepiadaceae ]................................................................. 3

3. Posterior lobe of lateral surstylus in male as long as anterior lobe; glans of phallus without patterned acrophallus............................................................................................ Bactrocera Macquart

- Posterior lobe of lateral surstylus in male 8−10 times longer than anterior lobe; glans of phallus with patterned acrophallus..................................................................................... Zeugodacus Hendel

4. Face fulvous with black, basal, transverse band; scutum and abdomen black; wing with black F-shaped band [host-plants fruit of Loranthaceae ]....................................................................... Ceratitella Malloch

- Face fulvous without black transverse band, scutal and abdominal colour variable; wing pattern variably patterned [known host plants shoots or stems of Poaceae : Bambusoideae ]........................................................... 5

5. Abdomen petiolate; head and thoracic chaetotaxy reduced..................................................... 6

- Abdomen not petiolate; chaetotaxy well developed........................................................... 7

6. Scutum largely brown with black patches or vittae; wing pattern dimidiate, without transverse bands; surstylus elongate and narrow with an elongate posterior lobe; aculeus tip weakly constricted and apically rounded; spermathecae round.......................................................................................... Ichneumonopsis Hardy

- Scutum black between lateral postsutural yellow vittae; wing with two curved black transverse bands; surstylus short and broad with a blunt posterior lobe; aculeus tip strongly constricted and with blunt apical point; spermathecae convoluted with bulbous apex.......................................................................... Dacimita David & Hancock

7. First flagellomere pointed dorsoapically................................................................... 8

- First flagellomere rounded apically...................................................................... 14

8. Green (in life), turning fulvous when preserved; wing with 3 oblique longitudinal yellow bands along anterior margin, M 1 and M 4 ................................................................................................. 9

- Colour variable, not green; wing with both longitudinal and/or transverse bands................................... 10

9. Occiput swollen, head as high as long....................................................... Galbifascia Hardy

- Occiput not swollen, head higher than long................................................ Xanthorrachis Bezzi

10. Scutum, scutellum and abdomen covered with short, black setae................................ Paraxarnuta Hardy

- Scutum, scutellum and abdomen not covered with short, black setae............................................ 11

11. Scutum fulvous to blackish-brown, without distinct yellow or white prescutellar markings; scutellum fulvous to yellow or medially darkened but without posterior black patches....................................................... 12

- Scutum with distinct yellow or white prescutellar markings, if not then scutellum with 3 large posterior black patches or mostly black posteriorly..................................................................................... 13

12. Wing with yellowish to brown transverse bands.......................................... Acrotaeniostola Hendel

- Wing dark brown with hyaline indentations and spots............................................ Phaeospila Bezzi

13. Wing with yellowish and brown longitudinal and transverse bands; if bands not prominent then apical portion with diffuse pattern.............................................................................. Acroceratitis Hendel

- Wing predominantly brown, with hyaline spots and indentations at least on apical half............. Phaeospilodes Hering

14. One pair of scutellar setae; aculeus tip bifid with serrations....................................... Dietheria Hardy

- Two pairs of scutellar setae; aculeus tip acute, not bifid...................................................... 15

15. Scutum fulvous to orange-brown with 3−5 longitudinal black vittae; prescutellar area without medial or dorsocentral yellow patches............................................................................................ 16

- Scutum often largely black or without longitudinal black vittae, if present then prescutellar area with medial or dorsocentral yellow patches...................................................................................... 17

16. Wing with radial-medial band transverse and not connected to apical band; scutum with only a medial longitudinal black vitta medial to line of dorsocentral setae.......................................................... Taeniostola Bezzi

- Wing with radial-medial band oblique and connected to apical band; scutum with 2 submedial and no medial longitudinal black vittae medial to line of dorsocentral setae........................................... Cyrtostola Hancock & Drew

17. Wing with two distinct costal bristles at end of vein Sc; subcostal band connected to radial-medial band [ Pardalaspinus Hering , placed as a synonym by Hancock (1999), is often regarded as distinct (e.g. Kovac et al., 2006)........ Ceratitoides Hendel

- Wing with one or no costal bristle at end of vein Sc; subcostal band not connected to radial medial band............... 18

18. Frons in male devoid of frontal setae; female with 5−10 pairs of frontal setae; ocellar setae vestigial/absent; wing usually with a broad longitudinal band from base to apex; subapical band present or absent...................... Chaetellipsis Bezzi

- Frons with 2−3 pairs of well developed frontal setae in both sexes; ocellar setae vestigial to moderately developed; wing with radial-medial band connected to posterior apical band....................................................... 19

19. Mid tibia with two subequal spines; postpronotal seta absent...................................... Anoplomus Bezzi

- Mid tibia with single apical spine; postpronotol seta present................................................... 21

20. Scutum, scutellum and abdomen mostly black; single anepisternal seta......................... Proanoplomus Shiraki

- Scutum reddish-brown to black, abdomen not entirely black; 2 anepisternal setae...................... Gastrozona Bezzi