Drymaria veliziae Montesinos, 2020

Montesinos-Tubee, Daniel B., Tovar, Carolina, Iberico-Vela, Gustavo, Montoya-Quino, Juan & Sanchez-Vega, Isidoro, 2020, Drymaria veliziae (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from the Andes of Cajamarca (North Peru), PhytoKeys 140, pp. 47-56 : 47

Drymaria veliziae Montesinos sp. nov.

Type.

Peru. Cajamarca: Cajamarca: Encañada: Chanta baja, on sandy clay loam soils amongst shrub species and tussock grasslands, close to agricultural lands, 3295 m elev., slope of 60% and rock cover of 35%, 6°49 ’56’’ S, 78°30 ’20’’ W (DMS). 06 June 2009, C. Tovar 1058 (holotype CPUN-22705!).

Diagnosis.

Drymaria veliziae is similar to D. auriculipetala Mattf. from which it differs in having glands covering the stems and pedicels, leaves with elliptic-ovate form, shorter in size (4-5.5 mm vs. 5-15 mm in D. auriculipetala ), by the leaves arranged in fascicules (vs. simple opposite leaves), stipules in numbers of 14-20 per axis (vs. 2-4 in D. auriculipetala ), pedicel size (1-2 mm long vs. 5-40 mm) and by the capsule size being smaller (1.4-1.6 mm vs. 3-4 mm).

Description.

Perennial herb, the taproot woody, stems originating from the root brow spreading or ascending, rarely decumbent, of 20-35(-50) cm long. Stems rigid, greenish-lilac, densely glandular, of about 0.05-0.3 mm long, persistent on mature stems and having scattered plicate trichomes of 1-3 mm long on young stems. Internodes 0.2-5.5 cm long. Leaves opposite, usually forming short fascicules; petioles 0.3-0.9 mm long, partially glaucous, scarcely covered with glands in the margins; blades elliptic to ovate, 4-5.5 mm long × 1.2-2 mm width, coriaceous, the bases cuneate, decurrent to the petiole, the apex aristate, 1-1.5 mm long, narrowly bearing short glands along the margin, midrib nearly inconspicuous; leaf margins lustrous, revolute and glabrous except at the base; stipules aciculate to linear-lanceolate, aristate, 1.5-3 mm long × 0.1-0.4 wide, shorter or equalling the length of the leaves, with glabrous margins and usually verticillate, in numbers of 14-20 per axis, persistent, white translucid to brownish with age, rarely bifid or trifid; bracts opposite, 2.5-3 mm long × 2 mm width, involute, cupuliform, irregularly ovate, margins covered with scattered glands, surface white coloured with lilac blotches. Flowers except the first formed, axilar and solitary at the end of the branches, base protected by the bracts (in pairs 1 or 2). Pedicels 1-2 mm long, densely glandular and covered with carinate plicate trichomes, rarely aereal, of about 0.2-0.4 mm. Calyx cylindrical-campanulate; sepals 5, equal, 5-6 mm long × 2-2.2 mm width, glabrous, elliptic-ovate, apex apiculate and aristate, basally truncate, 3-5 nerved; petals 5, 5-7 mm long × 1.8-2.2 mm width, bifid about half their length, elliptic, apex rounded, 1-1.2 mm width, 8-10 nerved, constricted at the junction of the lobes; stamens 5, 2-2.2 mm long, anthers oblong, 0.2-0.3 mm long; ovary roundish, 1-1.4 mm long, slightly exceeded by the anthers; style 1-1.2 mm long, trifid about half its length, stigmatic branches twisted or coiled. Capsule ovoid, 1.4-1.6 mm long, 5-8 seeded. Seeds roundish, reniform, 0.6-0.9 mm long × 0.6-0.8 mm wide, granulate, ventral surface with roundish-acute tubercles, black to dark brown in colour.

Etymology.

The epithet " veliziae " honours Claudia Véliz Rosas (1978-2019), a passionate biologist who devoted her research efforts to the study Peruvian biodiversity. Her deep love of nature, people and travelling inspired her to work throughout Peru, studying freshwater, marine and mountain ecosystems. Her research contributed to the establishment of protected areas and the development of management plans. Claudia dedicated many years to study taricaya turtles in the Amazon, helping local human communities to improve taricayas’ management and conservation. She was an excellent and supportive friend, a talented amateur painter and dancer and a keen cyclist.

Paratype: Peru: Cajamarca: Hualgayoc: Hualgayoc, less than 1 km from the Goldfield mine, surrounded by agricultural fields downslope, found on sandy clay loam soils, 3715 m elev., 6°46 ’43’’ S (DMS) and 78°37 ’5’’ W (DMS), 100% slope and 5% rock cover. 01 June 2009, C. Tovar 909 (CPUN-22858!).

Ecology and distribution: Drymaria veliziae grows on steep mountain cliffs (slope 60-100%) on sandy clay loam soils at an elevation of 3295-3715 m on the eastern slopes of the Jalca, on the headwaters of the Llaucano River, tributary of the Marañon River. Climatic characteristics for the localities of the type and paratype, extracted from the CHELSA climatology ( Karger et al. 2017), show mean annual temperatures in these areas are 8.5-11.5°C, with minimum temperatures estimated between 1.8 and 5°C. Total annual precipitation ranges from 900 to 1200 mm with driest months receiving 16-28 mm. Other species found in the two localities were Hieracium peruanum Fr. ( Asteraceae ), Hypochaeris taraxacoides (Meyen & Walp.) Ball ( Asteraceae ) and Calamagrostis spp. ( Poaceae ). In the type locality of Drymaria veliziae (Fig. 4 ), it has been observed that it grows associated with shrubs (e.g. Coreopsis senaria S.F. Blake & Sherff ( Asteraceae ), Achyrocline celosioides (Kunth) DC. ( Asteraceae ), Ageratina cutervensis (Hieron.) R.M. King & H. Rob. ( Asteraceae )), tussock grasses ( Calamagrostis and Festuca spp. ( Poaceae )) and an orchid (e.g. Masdevallia spp.), amongst others. The locality of the paratype, being at higher altitude, had less species richness and associated species with D. velizzii were Geranium peruvianum Hieron. ( Geraniaceae ), Calceolaria concava Molau ( Calceolariaceae ), Chrysactinium acaule (Kunth) Wedd. ( Asteraceae ), Euphorbia huanchahana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. ( Euphorbiaceae ), amongst others.

Taxonomical notes.

On the basis of the classification proposed by Duke (1961), Drymaria veliziae would belong to the ser. Frutescens Duke sharing the leaf shape (linear to lanceolate) glandular pedicels, the number of sepal nervadures (3-5) and petals bifid which are not tapered to the claw.

Drymaria veliziae is morphologically similar to D. auriculipetala Mattf. (1936: 438-439) but differs in having glands covering the stems and pedicels, leaves with elliptic-ovate form, shorter in size, by the leaves arranged in fascicules (vs. simple opposite leaves), stipules larger numbers per axis, shorter pedicel size and smaller capsule size.

Furthermore, Drymaria veliziae differs from D. stereophylla Mattf. (1936: 436-437) by the plant habit, the glabrous surface of the leaves (vs. presence of glands and puberulent trichomes in D. stereophylla ), bifid or trifid stipules (vs. entire), shorter stamen size (2-2.2 mm vs. 4-6 mm), shorter style size (1-1.2 mm vs. 1-2.5 mm), capsule size shorter (1.4-1.6 vs. 2.5-3.5 mm) and seed size (0.6-0.9 vs. 0.9-1.3 mm in D. stereophylla ).

The new species is further differentiated from D. stellarioides Willd. ex Schult. (1819: 406) by the stipule form (bifid to trifid vs. entire), shorter bract size (2.5-3 mm vs. 3-5 mm in D. stellarioides ), sepals glabrous (vs. glabrous to densely glandular-puberulent) and shorter capsule size and form (1.4-1.6 mm, ovoid vs. 3-5 mm long, ellipsoid).

An updating of the diagnostic key for the ser. Frutescens , as proposed by Duke (1961: 214) follows:

Conservation status.

Only the two localities referring to holotype and paratype are currently known for Drymaria veliziae (these localities are separated by about 12 km). The surrounding areas are characterised by various types of human activities, for example, agriculture, land conversion, forestry with exotic species, slash burning, natural resource extraction, amongst others (Figure 1 ). Land use change occurred between 1987 and 2007 with a reduction of the 25% of grasslands and an increasing of landscape fragmentation (see Tovar et al. 2013). The type specimen was collected on a Jalca patch surrounded by agricultural fields ( Vicia faba L. ( Fabaceae ), Solanum tuberosum L. ( Solanaceae ), Zea mays L. ( Poaceae )), while the paratype was collected in a smaller patch less than 1 km distant from a mining area developed after 1987. A total of 110 vegetation plots were sampled across the Jalca in 2007 ( Tovar et al. 2012) and the new species was found in only two of them. Using the criteria B1a and B1b of the IUCN (2019), we assessed D. veliziae as Endangered species (EN).

Figures

Figure 1. Location map of the type and paratype collection localities. Background: LANDSAT 5 TM satellite image (June 2007) where light brown-pink areas represent Jalca grasslands, light green areas are agricultural fields and purple represents mining areas.

Figure 4. Quadrat where the new species was found. Chanta baja, Encanada District, 3295 m elev. Photo by Carolina Tovar.