Hypostomus derbyi ( Haseman, 1911 )

Garavello, Julio César, Britski, Heraldo Antônio & Zawadzki, Claudio Henrique, 2012, The cascudos of the genus Hypostomus Lacépède (Ostariophysi: Loricariidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin, Neotropical Ichthyology 10 (2), pp. 263-283 : 269-273

Hypostomus derbyi ( Haseman, 1911)

Figs. 3 , 4

Plecostomus derbyi Haseman, 1911:384 , pl.79 (type locality: Porto União da Victoria, currently União da Vitória, rio Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil); Gosline, 1945:78 (ref.); Fowler, 1954:180 (rio Iguaçu, rio Paraná); Fowler, 1954: 180 (rio Iguaçu, rio Paraná).

Hypostomus derbyi : Isbrucker, 1980:28; Gomez et al., 1990:139 (description); López & Miquelarena, 1991:27 (redescription); Severi & Cordeiro, 1994:85 (rio Iguaçu); Garavello et al., 1997:78 (rio Iguaçu); Zawadzki et al., 1999:96 (allozymes and morphometrics); Zawadzki et al., 2001:914 (isozymes); Weber, 2003:357 (ref.); Ingenito et al., 2004:26 (list of species); Baungartner et al., 2006:3 (Salto Osório reservoir, rio Iguaçu; check list); Bifi et al., 2006:205 (rio dos Padres; list of species); Carvalho & Bockmann, 2007:92 (rio Iguaçu).

Material examined. All from Brazil. Paraná State. FMNH 54246 , 1 , 90.5 mm SL, holotype, Porto União da Victoria, currently Municipality of União da Vitória, rio Iguaçu , 27 Dec 1909, J. D. Haseman . LISDEBE 2653 , 15 , 83.0-275.0 mm SL, rio Iguaçu, Salto Segredo reservoir, Municipality of Mangueirinha , Nupélia . LISDEBE 2654 , 1 , 80.0 mm SL, rio Irai, tributary of rio Iguaçu, near the Encanamento road, Municipality of São José dos Pinhais, J. C. Garavello & Lisdebe . LISDEBE 2655 , 3 , 144.0-166.0 mm SL, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of União da Vitória , J. C. Garavello & Surehma . MHNCI 1255-1259 , 5 , 70.2 -189.0 mm SL, rio Atuba, tributary of rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Curitiba / Pinhais , 25°25’40”S 49°16’23”W, Nov 1965, R. B. Lange & Z.Alexandre . MHNCI 1260-1268 , 9 , 52.8 - 98.0 mm SL, rio Atuba, tributary of rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Curitiba / Pinhais , 25°25’40”S 49°16’23”W, Nov 1965, R. B. Lange . MHNCI 1270 , 1 , 202.2 .0 mm SL, rio Atuba, tributary of rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Curitiba / Pinhais , 25°25’40”S 49°16’23”W, Nov 1964, W. Esper & M. H. Nogueira . MHNCI 1447-1450 , 4 , 147.0-186.0 mm SL, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Porto Amazonas , 25°32’40”S 49°53’25”W, Dec 1976, R. Lange . MHNCI 1451-1457 , 11 , 49.4- 202.2 mm SL, rio Iguaçu, Porto Amazonas, Municipality of Porto Amazonas , 25°32’40”S 49°53’25”W, Dec 1976, R. Lange . MHNCI 5952 , 1, 155.3 mm SL, Salto Osório reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Quedas do Iguaçu , 1 Jul 1989, W. Severi et al . MHNCI 6013 , 1, 143.7 mm SL, Salto Osório reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Quedas do Iguaçu , 25°26’58”S 52°54’29”W, Aug 1991, M. Cordeiro et al . MHNCI 6022 , 2 , 143.7 - 156.3 mm SL, Salto Osório reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Quedas do Iguaçu , 25°26’58”S 52°54’29”W, Aug 1991, M. Cordeiro et al . MHNCI 6025 , 6 , 158.5 - 176.7 mm SL, Salto Osório reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Quedas do Iguaçu , 25°26’58”S 52°54’29”W, Aug 1991, M. Cordeiro et al . MHNCI 7086 , 5 , 150.9 - 224.3 mm SL, rio Guarani, tributary of rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Três Barras do Paraná , 25°25’08”S 53°10’50”W, Feb 1993, E. T. Grando et al . MHNCI 7089 , 7 , 164.9 - 223.5 mm SL, rio Guarani, tributary of rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Três Barras do Paraná , 25°25’08”S 53°10’50”W, Feb 1993, E. T. Grando . MHNCI 7094 , 9 , 175.2 - 200.2 mm SL, rio Guarani, Municipality of Três Barras do Paraná , 25°25’08”S 53°10’50”W, 24 Feb 1993, E. T. Grando et al . MHNCI 7113 , 4 , 202.5 - 235.2 mm SL, rio Guarani, tributary of rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Três Barras do Paraná , 25°25’08”S 53°10’50”W, Feb 1993, E. T. Grando . MHNCI 7114 , 3 , 229.0- 250.5 mm SL, rio Guarani, tributary of rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Três Barras do Paraná , 25°25’08”S 53°10’50”W, Feb 1993, E. T. Grando . MHNCI 7129 , 19 , 268.5 - 296.3 mm SL, rio Guarani, tributary of rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Três Barras do Paraná , 25°25’08”S 53°10’50”W, Feb 1993, E. T. Grando . MHNCI 7174 , 1 , 304.0 mm SL, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Nova Prata do Iguaçu , 53º20’48”S 25º37’57”W, Mar 1993, E. T. Grando . MHNCI 7463 , 1 , damaged, mouth of rio da Divisa, Municipality of Guarapuava , 25º23’S 51º27’W, W. B. Wosiacki & E. T. Grando . MHNCI 7559 , 1, 136.8 mm SL, mouth of córrego da Divisa, Municipality of Pinhão , 25º41’44”S 51º39’34”W, W. B. Wosiacki & P. R.A. Pagliosa . MHNCI 7570 , 4 , 198.0- 288.5 mm SL, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Pinhão , 10 Nov 1991, W. B. Wosiacki & E. T. Grando . MNRJ 17752 , 9 , 84.7 - 280 ,0 mm SL, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Porto União , 21-25 Apr 1944, G. S. Myers & A. L. Carvalho . NUP 151 , 2 , 186.9 - 207.4 mm SL, mouth of rio Chopim, Municipality of Cruzeiro do Iguaçu / São Jorge do Oeste , 25°34’28”S 43°04’24”W, 5 Aug 1999, Copel . NUP 555 , 1, 130.4 mm SL, Cavernoso reservoir, rio Cavernoso, Municipality of Virmond / Laranjerias do Sul , 23-24 Aug 1999, Copel . NUP 585 , 5 , 184.6 -268.0 mm SL, Jordão reservoir, rio Jordão, Municipality of Foz do Jordão / Reserva do Iguaçu , 25°45’13”S 52°05’09”W, 14 Oct 1995, Copel . NUP 586 , 2 , 234.0-240.0 mm SL, Jordão reservoir, rio Jordão, Municipality of Foz do Jordão / Reserva do Iguaçu , 25°45’13”S 52°05’09”W, 14 Oct 1995, Copel . NUP 587 , 8 , 149.0- 207.3 mm SL, Jordão reservoir, rio Jordão, Municipality of Foz do Jordão / Reserva do Iguaçu , 25°45’13”S 52°05’09”W, 14 Oct 1995, Copel . NUP 677 , 2 , 228.3 - 230.6 mm SL, Salto Caxias reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Capitão de Leônidas Marques / Nova Prata do Iguaçu , 25°32’12”S 53°29’11”W, 13 Aug 1997, Nupélia . NUP 679 , 5 , 274.0-339.0 mm SL, Salto Caxias reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Capitão de Leônidas Marques / Nova Prata do Iguaçu , 25°32’12”S 53°29’11”W, 13 Aug 1997, Nupélia . NUP 715 , 5 , 47.9 - 58.0 mm SL, Salto Caxias reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Capitão de Leônidas Marques / Nova Prata do Iguaçu , 25°32’12”S 53°29’11”W, 13 Aug 1995, Nupélia . NUP 1607 , 1, 217.3 mm SL, Salto Segredo reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Mangueirinha / Reserva do Iguaçu , 25°30’S 53°25’W, 6 Nov 1995, Nupélia . NUP 1624 , 5 , 132.1 - 237.1 mm SL, Salto Caxias reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Capitão de Leônidas Marques / Nova Prata do Iguaçu , 25°32’12”S 53°29’11”W, 23 Oct 1999, Nupélia . NUP 1791 , 7 , 126.8 - 228.1 mm SL, rio Chopim, near its foz at Caxias reservoir, Municipality of Cruzeiro do Iguaçu / Nova Prata do Iguaçu , 25°34’27”S 53°05’49”W, 20 Jan 1999, Nupélia . NUP 1828 , 7 , 184.0-224.0 mm SL, Salto Caxias reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Capitão de Leônidas Marques / Nova Prata do Iguaçu , 25°32’12”S 53°29’11”W. Nupélia . NUP 2541 , 6 , 129.8 -270.0 mm SL, Foz do Areia reservoir, rio Areia, Municipality of Cruz Machado / Bituruna , 26°00’05"S 51°39’23”W, 27 Oct 1998, Nupélia . NUP 2542 , 2 , 187.7 - 192.1 mm SL, Foz doAreia reservoir, rioAreia, Municipality of Cruz Machado / Bituruna , 26°00’05”S 51°39’23”W, 13 Nov 2000, Nupélia . NUP 2543 , 1, 283.1 mm SL, córrego Passo do Aterrado, tributary of rio Jordão, Municipality of Foz do Jordão , 25°45’S 52°10’W, 14 Oct 1995, Copel . NUP 3684 , 5 , 98.2-290.4 mm SL, rio Jordão (upstream Santa Clara waterfall), Municipality of Foz do Jordão / Reserva do Iguaçu , 25º45’S 52º10’W, Apr 2005, Nupélia . NUP 4134 , 44 , 41.3-156.3 mm SL, rio dos Padres, Municipality of Saudades do Iguaçu , 25°39’34”S 52°38’08”W, 14 Oct 2004, Gerpel . NUP 4304 , 19 , 12.3-221.8 mm SL, rio Pinhãozinho, tributary of rio Pinhão, rio Jordão basin, 25º34’23”S 51º27’30”W, 12 Feb 2004, C. H. Zawadzki & W. J. da Graça . NUP 4305 , 4 , 137.6.1- 225.2 mm SL, rio Cascavel, rio Jordão basin, Municipality of Guarapuava , 25°25’56”S 51°30’20”W, 5 Apr 2004, L. L. Wolff . NUP 5400 , 7 , 165.9 - 258.2 mm SL, Salto Caxias reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Capitão Leônidas Marques / Nova Prata do Iguaçu , 25º45’S 52º10’W, 25 Jan 2000, Nupélia . NUP 5417 , 1, 185.2 mm SL, Foz do Areia reservoir, rio Areia, Municipality of Cruz Machado / Bituruna , 26°00’05”S 51°39’23”W, 1 Nov 1994, Nupélia . NUP 5418 , 1, 184.2 mm SL, Foz do Areia reservoir, rio Areia, Municipality of Pinhão / Bituruna , 26°00’S 51°37’W, Jul 2001, Nupélia . NUP 5427 , 1, 148.3 mm SL, Jordão reservoir, rio Jordão, Municipality of Foz do Jordão / Reserva do Iguaçu , 25°45’13”S 52°05’09”W, Jul 1997, Copel . NUP 5430 , 1, 166.2 mm SL, Jordão reservoir, rio Jordão, Municipality of Foz do Jordão / Reserva do Iguaçu , 25°45’13”S 52°05’09”W, 26 Nov 1996, Nupélia . NUP 5919 , 1, 229.3 mm SL, Salto Caxias reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Capitão Leônidas Marques / Nova Prata do Iguaçu , 23º31’45”S 53º29’12”W, 4Aug 2000, Nupélia . NUP 5920 , 3 , 186.4 - 205.7 mm SL, Salto Caxias reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Capitão Leônidas Marques / Nova Prata do Iguaçu , 23º31’45”S 53º29’12”W, 26 Jan 1999, Nupélia . NUP 5930 , 2 , 103.9 - 107.1 mm SL, Jordão reservoir, rio Jordão, Municipality of Foz do Jordão / Reserva do Iguaçu , 25°45’13”S 52°05’09”W, 21 Mar 1996, Nupélia . NUP 5959 , 3 , 176.0-224.0 mm SL, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Lapa , 25º47’34”S 50º11’57”W, 16 May 2002, L. F. Duboc & L. Ingenito . NUP 6810 , 2 , 236.0-237.0 mm SL, Salto Caxias reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Capitão Leônidas Marques , 23º31’45”S 53º29’12”W, 2 Jan 2006, Copel . NUP 8735 , 1 , 23.6 mm SL, rio Aurora, tributary of rio das Antas, Municipality of Santo Antônio do Sudoeste , 26º02’S 54º42’W, 4 Jan 2009, W. J. da Graça . NUP 9288 , 7 , 160.5 - 206.1 mm SL, córrego Flor da Cunha, tributary rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Três Barras do Paraná , 25º28’35”S 53º11’03”W, 8 Feb 1997, Nupélia . NUP 10386 , 6 , 68.7-117.6 mm SL, rio dos Padres, tributary rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Saudade do Iguaçu , 25º39’35”S 52º38’03”W, 16 jan 2005, Gerpel . Santa Catarina State. LISDEBE 2656 , 9 , 121.0-153.0 mm SL, rio Timbó, tributary of rio Iguaçu, at Colônia São Pedro , Municipality of Porto União , 26º26’13”S 50º 49’59”W, 20-21 Nov 1986, J. C. Garavello & Lisdebe .

Diagnosis. Hypostomus derbyi can be distinguished from the species of the H. cochliodon group, except H. hemicochliodon , by having bifid non spoon-shaped teeth and with the lateral cups not fused to the mesial one (vs. spoon-shaped teeth with lateral cups usually fused to the mesial one). From H. alatus , H. albopunctatus , H. chrysostiktos , H. faveolus , H. francisci , H. lexi , H. luteus , H. luteofrenatus , H. margaritifer , H.microstomus , H. multidens , H. regani , H. roseopunctatus , H. scaphiceps , H. strigaticeps , H. tietensis , and H. variipictus it is distinguished by having dark spots over body and fins (vs. pale spots). It is distinguished from the remaining congeners, except H. agna , H. brevicauda , H. brevis , H. garmani , H. goyazensis , H. heraldoi , H. hermanni , H. iheringii , H. johnii , H. lima , H. luetkeni , H. macrops , H. nigromaculatus , H. nigropunctatus , H. ternetzi , H. topavae , and H. wuchereri , by the absence of keels on pterotic-supracleitrhum, pre-dorsal plates and on lateral series of plates (vs. having moderate to developed keels on pterotic-supracleitrhum, pre-dorsal plates, and lateral series of plates). From H. agna , H. brevicauda , H. heraldoi , H. hermanni , H. garmani , H. johnii , H. luetkeni , H. nigromaculatus , H. vermicularis , and H. wuchereri by having deeper body and a pair of parallel moderate keels on pre-dorsal plates (vs. depressed body without keels on pre-dorsal plates). From H. brevis , H. goyazensis , H. johnii , H. iheringii , H. lima , H. ternetzi , and H. topavae by having abdomen completely plated (vs. abdomen naked in H.brevis and partially plated in H.goyazensis , H. johnii , H. iheringii , H. lima , H. macrops , H. ternetzi , and H. topavae ). From H. nigropunctatus by middle-sized and moderate-set dark spots (approximately equal to eye diameter length) on dorsal region of head, trunk, and fins (vs. small-sized and close-set dark spots, that is, equal to smaller than eye pupil on dorsal region of head, trunk, and fins); and by having usually one pre-dorsal plate bordering supraoccipital (vs. three plates).

Description. Dorsal profile of head almost straight from tip of snout to supraoccipital; supraoccipital concave from this point through pre-dorsal plates to origin of dorsal-fin insertion. Head elevated and compressed, totally covered by plates with dense covering of odontodes. A slender keel on upper pterotic-supracleithrum just behind orbit, conspicuous on first three posterior plates; slightly decreasing in size to caudal peduncle on each side. Snout narrow and compressed, covered by irregular series of small plates. Mesethmoid forming an inconspicuous keel from snout tip to upper region of orbit. Upper orbital margin elevated, laterally positioned; orbital diameter 11.9-15.0% in head length. Posterior region of head between supraoccipital and dorsal fin having two pair of large plates and a narrow unpaired plate near the dorsal-fin platelet. Supraoccipital and pterotic-supracleithrum densely covered by odontodes irregularly inserted not forming salient series or keels on posterior region of head. Dorsal profile of trunk almost straight from dorsal-fin insertion to caudal fin.Adipose fin large. Maximum body width at posterior region of scapular bridge gradually decreasing to caudal fin. Dorsal fin II,7; its origin at two vertical plates before pelvic-fin insertion; not reaching adipose-fin spine; its distal margin convex. Pectoral fin I,6 rays; unbranched ray elongate, with strong odontodes on distal region; reaching or surpassing the pelvic-fin insertion; its distal border almost straight. Pelvic fin i,5 rays; unbranched pelvic-fin rays reaching or surpassing the anal-fin insertion; its distal margin straight to slightly convex. Anal fin, i,5; distal border slightly rounded. Caudal fin i,14,i rays, deeply notched; lower lobe longer than upper.

Body covered by five lateral series of plates. Dorsal, mid-dorsal, median and ventral series of plates not bearing conspicuous keels. Mid-ventral series of plates moderately keeled on lateral abdomen through six plates from scapular bridge. Rostral margin of snout aciculate and with dense series of odontodes; lips deeply forked at insertion. Snout tip formed by irregular series of plates covering from snout to anterior orbit, to limits of upper supraoccipital and lateral pterotic-supracleithrum. Scapular bridge totally covered by gross skin and small plates with odontodes, covering the whole abdomen; only a small naked region on insertion of pelvic fins and in the region in front of anus. Two pair of narrow plates not meeting at median region between anal-fin insertion and anus and with a naked area between them. Twenty eight to twenty nine plates in the lateral line. Lips and oral region semicircular, with dense papillae; labial barbel elongate and joined to labial border by a gross membrane. Premaxilla with 21 to 42 and dentary with 23 to 43 teeth of moderate length, with two cusps nearly equal in size.

Color pattern. Ground color of head and trunk brown uniform; dorsal region of head, trunk, and fins densely black spotted with small spots on head and larger spots on flanks and whole fins. Interradial membranes hyaline and the black spots forming transversal lines through fins, mainly on dorsal fin. Branched rays of whole fins dark brown uniform. Abdominal region light brown, irregularly black spotted or vermiculated on whole abdomen and ventral caudal peduncle. Unbranched ray of pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins light brown in ventral regions but black spotted on upper regions.

Distribution. Known from rio Iguaçu basin, Paraná and Santa Catarina States, Brazil. Hypostomus derbyi is the more widespread and abundant species of Hypostomus within the basin. Besides being abundant in the main channel of the rio Iguaçu it is also common in the small to medium streams of the basin. In some streams as the rio das Antas, rio das Pedras, rio dos Padres, and rio Pinhaozinho, among others, it was the sole Hypostomus captured.

Figures

Fig. 3. Holotype of Hypostomus derbyi, FMNH 54246, 90.5 mm SL, Porto União da Victoria, currently Municipality of União da Vitória, rio Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.

Fig. 4. Hypostomus derbyi, NUP 677, 230.6 mm SL, Salto Caxias reservoir, rio Iguaçu, Municipality of Capitão de Leônidas Marques/Nova Prata do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.