Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus Endrödi, 1970

López-García, Margarita M. & Deloya, Cuauhtémoc, 2022, Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision, Zootaxa 5211 (1), pp. 1-119 : 30

Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus Endrödi, 1970

( Figs. 1C , 15F , 25C ; 33 )

Ligyrus peruvianus Endrödi, 1970: 106 . Original combination.

Male holotype (ZMHB) “ Peru, Zorritos / I-IV. 1926 / Rageuzut / Petersen J. / Schubart G. // Holotypus / Ligyrus / peruvianus / Endr.”. Female allotype (ZMHB) “ Peru, Zorritos / I-IV. 1926 / Rageuzut / Petersen J. / Schubart G. // Allotypus / Ligyrus / peruvianus / Endr.”. Male paratype (ZMHB) “ Peru, Zorritos / I-IV. 1926 / Rageuzut / Petersen J. / Schubart G. // Paratypus / Ligyrus / peruvianus / Endr.” Male and female paratypes (HNHM) “ Peru, Zorritos / I-IV. 1926 / Rageuzut / Petersen J. / Schubart G. // Paratypus / Ligyrus / peruvianus / Endr.” One paratype from Guayaquil, Ecuador at Endrödi’s collection ( Endrödi 1970) not examined. Type locality: Zorritos, Tumbes, Peru .

Description. Habitus as in Fig. 25C . Length 15.6–19.0 mm; humeral width 8.4–10.2 mm. Color reddish brown. Head: Frons flat between eyes and before frontal tubercles; surface deeply rugopunctate, with large and sparse punctures, nearly smooth on vertex only with sparse, small punctures. Frontoclypeal region with 2 tumescences separated by 1/2 a tumescence width ( Fig. 1C ). Ocular canthus wide; with 4–5 ventral setae. Clypeal surface rugopunctate, striae denser than those on frons. Clypeus subtriangular, base 2.5 times as wide as apex ( Fig. 1C ). Clypeal teeth transverse to widely triangular, separated by 1.5 times a tooth diameter. Mandible with 2 apical and 1 lateral truncate tooth, the tooth 1 shorter and narrower than tooth 2. Interocular distance equal to 4 times an eye width. Antennal club long. Pronotum: Surface with small, sparse punctures. Apex without tubercle or fovea. Elytra: First interval punctate, punctures similar in the other intervals. Inner surface of apex with small, transverse tubercles forming about 70 parallel lines. Abdomen: Apex of tergite IV with a diagonal line of 12 transverse, parallel, short carinae. Pygidial surface with large evenly sparse punctures, with small scarce rugosity on anterior corners. Strongly (male) to slightly (female) convex in lateral view. Legs: Protibia tridentate, with an additional basal denticle; teeth equidistant. Protarsus of male with inner claw wide, apex with a spine-like projection ( Fig. 10E ). Metatibia not narrowed before apex, sides nearly parallel. Apex of metatibia crenulate, with 13–17 spinules. Male genitalia: Spiculum gastrale wide, apex truncate. Parameres slender; strongly contracted at middle; ventral margin with an apical small tooth each side ( Fig. 15F ).

Diagnosis. Ligyrus peruvianus can be differentiated from the other species in the genus by the protibia with basal denticle and without a denticle between the basal and second tooth (as in L. relictus Fig. 11E ); pygidium with large evenly distributed punctures and with scarce rugosity on anterior corners; the clypeus subtriangular ( Fig. 1C ); and the ventral tooth of the parameres at apex (at middle in the other species) ( Fig. 15F ).

Distribution. Ecuador and Peru ( Endrödi 1970).

Locality records ( Fig. 33 ). 21 examined specimens from MERKB, MNHM, USNM, ZMUB. One record from Endrödi (1970). ECUADOR (15). Guayas (1): Guayaquil . Santa Helena (14): Chanduy. PERU (7) . Piura (2): Tambogrande, Progreso Bajo . Tumbes (5): Zorritos .

Natural history. Specimens were collected between 70–100 m, in dry coastal regions of Peru and Ecuador. All the specimens with date information were found at the end of rainy season (April).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus.

FIGURE 10. Protarsus and inner claw. A–B) Euligyrus similis, C–E) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) sallaei.

FIGURE 11. Protibia in frontal view.A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, H) Tomarus bituberculatus, I) T. colombianus, J) T. pullus.

FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus.

FIGURE 25. Habitus of the species of Ligyrus. Subgenus Anagrylius: A) Ligyrus cuniculus, B) L. moroni. Subgenus Ligyrodes: C) L. peruvianus, D) L. relictus, E) L. sallaei. Subgenus Ligyrus: F) L. allonasutus, G) L. bidentulus, H) L. burmeisteri. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIGURE 33. Distributional records of the subgenus Ligyrus (Ligyrodes).