Parasarocladium, Summerb., J.A.Scott, Guarro & Crous, 2018

Calabon, Mark S., Jones, E. B. Gareth, Pang, Ka-Lai, Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A., Jin, Jing, Devadatha, Bandarupalli, Sadaba, Resurreccion B., Apurillo, Carlo Chris & Hyde, Kevin D., 2023, Updates on the classification and numbers of marine fungi, Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 66 (4), pp. 213-238 : 220

2.4.2 Parasarocladium

Summerbell et al. (2018) introduced the genus Parasarocladium to accommodate three Acremonium species: P. breve , P. gamsii and P. radiatum that formed a distinct clade based on 18 S, ITS, 28 S rDNA and actin genes. Currently, Parasarocladium comprises nine species listed in the Index Fungorum (April 2023) and MycoBank databases. The nine species were isolated from soil (five species), one species from decaying leaves and three as endophytes from marine algae. Crous et al. (2018a) erected the family Sarocladiaceae based on multigene phylogenies to accommodate the genera: Parasarocladium and Sarocladium and described Parasarocladium debruynii from a soil sample in the Netherlands. Gonçalves et al. (2019) described three new marine Parasarocladium species P. aestuarinum , P. alavariense and P. fusiforme as endophytes of macroalgae ( Enteromorpha , Fucus , Ulva and unidentified Rhodophyta), sea water and sponges that were collected from Ria de Aveiro estuary, Portugal based on ITS and β- tubulin (tub2) and actin (act1) genes. Crous et al. (2020) recorded for the first time the sexual stage of the new species Parasarocladium tasmanniae that was recorded from leaves of Tasmannia insipida collected from Limpinwood Nature Reserve, New South Wales, Australia. The new species was described based on morphology and ITS, LSU, actA, TEF- 1α and tub2 genes. Crous et al. (2021) described Parasarocladium wereldwijsianum from a soil sample collected from Utrecht Province, the Netherlands. Parasarocladium wereldwijsianum differs from the phylogenetically related species P. aestuarinum and P. alavariense by having olivaceous buff colonies, irregularly branched conidiophores, and hyaline, smooth-walled, ellipsoidal to obovoid, with truncate base.

The three species were described as endophytes of the marine algae ( Fucus , Ulva ), sea water and sponges. Parasarocladium aestuarinum is phylogenetically closely related to P. alavariense , however, both species differ in conidial morphology and dimensions with 0.013 p-distance of nucleotide sites among the ITS and β- tubulin genes. Parasarocladium fusiforme formed a basal clade to the other eight species of Parasarocladium ( Crous et al. 2021; Gonçalves et al. 2020).