Cacopsylla myrsines, Burckhardt, 2024

Burckhardt, Daniel, 2024, The Psyllinae (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from Gunung Kinabalu (Malaysia, Sabah), Alpine Entomology 8, pp. 1-17 : 1

Cacopsylla myrsines sp. nov.

Figs 5 , 6 , 11 , 19-21 , 32 , 34-36

Type locality.

Malaysia, Sabah, Ranau, Gunung Kinabalu, Kinabalu Park, summit trail, 6.0578°N, 116.5662°E, 3230 m.

Material examined.

Holotype. Malaysia • ♂; Sabah, Ranau, Gunung Kinabalu, Kinabalu Park , summit trail; 6.0578°N, 116.5662°E; 3230 m; 29.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8279; Leptospermum forest, on Myrsine dasyphylla ( Primulaceae ); MHNG, dry . Paratypes. Malaysia • 3 ♂, 2 ♀, 2 immatures, 3 skins; Sabah, Ranau, Gunung Kinabalu, Kinabalu Park , summit trail; 6.0449°N, 116.5604°E; 2670 m; 29.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8269; Leptospermum forest, on Myrsine dasyphylla ( Primulaceae ); MHNG, NHMB, slide, 70% ethanol . • 24 ♂, 11 ♀, same data as holotype; MHNG, NCHU, NHMB, dry, slide . • 2 ♂; same but summit trail; 6.0449°N, 116.5604°E; 2670 m; 4.v.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F82106; Leptospermum forest, Myrsine dasyphylla ( Primulaceae ); MHNG, dry. • 1 ♀; same but summit trail near Lyang Lyang ; 6.0430°N, 116.5591°E; 2620 m; 2.v.1987; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8744/45; open Podocarpus / Leptospermum forest; MHNG, dry . • 2 ♀; same but summit trail near Lyang Lyang ; 6.0445°N, 116.5605°E; 2650 m; 2.v.1987; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8248; open Podocarpus / Leptospermum forest; MHNG, dry . • 1 ♂, same but summit trail near Lyang Lyang ; 6.0430°N, 116.5591°E; 2620 m; 2.v.1987; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8252; open Podocarpus / Leptospermum forest; MHNG, dry .

Diagnosis.

Adult. Vertex 0.5-0.6 times as long as wide; genal processes 1.0-1.3 times as long as vertex along midline, narrowly conical, separated in the middle, evenly beset with sparse long setae, apex subacute. Antenna 2.1-2.2 times as long as head width; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.3: 0.3. Metatibia with small indistinct genual spine. Forewing oblong-oval, widest in the middle, 3.8-4.1 times as long as head width, 2.5-2.6 times as long as broad, costal margin curved; pterostigma long, irregularly narrowing to apex, with subparallel margins in the middle, ending distal to bifurcation of vein M; vein Rs evenly curved, subparallel with costal margin except for apex which is slightly curved towards costal margin of wing; m1 cell value 1.9-2.2, cu1 cell value 2.9-3.3; veins beset with short setae; surface spinules present in all cells, leaving broad spinule-free stripes along the veins; absent from basal three quarters of cell c+sc and basal third or half of cell r2; fields of surface spinules in each of the marginal cells widening to wing margin; relatively evenly spaced, forming irregular rhombs or squares. Male proctiger narrowly tubular, weakly sinuate. Subgenital plate, in lateral view, subglobular, with almost straight dorsal margin. Paramere longer than proctiger, in lateral view, narrowly digitiform, almost straight; inner face with a longitudinal stripe of thick bristles except for basal quarter and sparse setae along fore and hind margin. Distal segment of aedeagus weakly inflated apically, rounded. Female proctiger 1.2-1.3 times as long as head width; dorsal margin slightly sinuous, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex. Subgenital plate 0.5 times as long as proctiger, in lateral view, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex. - Fifth instar immature. Body 1.3 times as long as wide. Antenna 1.0-1.1 times as long as forewing pad; segments 4-6 1.0 times as long as segment 7; lacking capitate setae on flagellum. Forewing pad with a single long, thick, apically pointed marginal seta apically, lacking dorsal macroscopic setae; hindwing pad with 2 long, thick, apically pointed, marginal setae subapically, lacking dorsal macroscopic setae. Caudal plate 0.6-0.7 times as long as wide; lacking marginal sectasetae, with 5+5 long and a few short and medium long marginal thick, apically pointed setae, lacking dorsal macroscopic setae. Outer circumanal ring small, its length along longitudinal body axis much larger than its distance from caudal margin of caudal plate; circular, closed anteriorly; consisting of a single row of pores.

Description.

Adult. Colouration. General body colour light orange brown (Fig. 5 ). Head (Fig. 6 ) ochreous with brown patches on either side of coronal suture of vertex and yellow genal processes. Antennal segments 1 and 2 light brown, segments 3-5 yellow with brown apices, segments 6-8 dark brown with almost black apices, segments 9 and 10 almost black. Pronotum with each a lateral and sublateral dark brown dot on either side. Mesopraescutum mostly dark brown, orange-yellowish laterally. Mesoscutum with dark brown longitudinal stripes. Metapostnotum almost black, orange-yellowish laterally. Fore and mid legs and metafemora brown. Forewing membrane semitransparent, yellow to light brown; veins light brown, costal margin, pterostigma, apical margin and apex of clavus brown. Younger specimens with more expanded light colour.

Structure. Conforming to the generic description of Ossiannilsson (1992). Body length ♂ 3.1-3.4 mm, ♀ 3.4-3.9 mm (10 ♂, 10 ♀). Head deflexed 45-80° from longitudinal axis of body (Fig. 5 ); as wide as mesoscutum. Vertex (Fig. 6 ) rhomboidal, 0.5-0.6 times as long as wide, concave at base, bearing microscopic setae and imbricate microsculpture; preocular sclerite narrow; genal processes 1.0-1.3 times as long as vertex along mid-line, narrowly conical, separated in the middle, evenly beset with sparse long setae, apex subacute (Fig. 6 ); eyes hemispherical. Rostrum 0.3-0.4 times as long as head width, in lateral view mostly hidden by mesosternum and only apical segment visible. Antenna 2.1-2.2 times as long as head width; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.3: 0.3; antennal segment 3 longest; relative length of segment 10 and terminal antennal setae as 1.0: 0.7: 0.9. Metatibia 0.7-0.8 times as long as head width, with small indistinct genual spine, weakly widening to apex, with 1+3+1 apical spurs. Forewing (Fig. 11 ) oblong-oval, widest in the middle, 3.8-4.1 times as long as head width, 2.5-2.6 times as long as broad, costal margin irregularly curved, relatively evenly rounded apically; pterostigma relatively long, at base narrower than adjacent part of cell r1, irregularly narrowing to apex, with subparallel margins in the middle, ending distal to bifurcation of vein M; vein C+Sc weakly, relatively evenly curved; vein M+Cu longer than half length of R; vein Rs evenly curved, subparallel with costal margin except for apex which is slightly curved towards costal margin of wing; m1 cell value 1.9-2.2, cu1 cell value 2.9-3.3; veins beset with short setae; surface spinules present in all cells, leaving broad spinule-free stripes along the veins; absent from basal three quarters of cell c+sc and basal third or half of cell r2; fields of surface spinules in each of the marginal cells widening to wing margin; relatively evenly spaced forming irregular rhombs or squares.

Male terminalia as in Figs 19-21 . Proctiger narrowly tubular, weakly sinuate, 0.4 times as long as head width; densely beset with long setae in apical three quarters. Subgenital plate, in lateral view, subglobular, with almost straight dorsal margin; densely beset with moderately long setae along a broad transverse band stretching from dorsal margin to postero-ventral margin and a patch postero-apically. Paramere longer than proctiger, in lateral view, narrowly digitiform, almost straight; evenly narrowing to blunt apex; apex, in dorsal view, with sclerotised apex forming an inward directed, slender process which is obliquely truncate apically; parameres, in caudal view, forming narrow O; outer face beset with moderately long setae in apical two thirds; inner face with a longitudinal stripe of thick bristles except for basal quarter and sparse setae along fore and hind margin; apex forming sclerotised tooth. Aedeagus long and very slender; distal segment weakly inflated apically, rounded; sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius short, sinuate. - Female terminalia as in Fig. 32 . Proctiger 1.2-1.3 times as long as head width, 3.5-3.8 times as long as circumanal ring which consists of two unequal rows of pores; dorsal margin slightly sinuous, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex; beset with moderately long setae in median third, with a submedian longitudinal row of long setae in apical half and a lateral band of peg setae on either side in apical third. Subgenital plate 0.5 times as long as proctiger, in lateral view, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex; except for base beset with long setae laterally and apically, in apical third, and with a lateral band of peg setae. Dorsal and ventral valvulae curved; lateral valvula narrowly rounded apically.

Measurements in mm (2 ♂, 2 ♀). Head width 0.70-0.76; antenna length 1.48-1.68; forewing length 2.74-3.14; length of male proctiger 0.28-0.30; paramere length 0.36-0.40; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.28; female proctiger length 0.90-0.92.

Fifth instar immature. Colouration of ethanol preserved specimens. Dorsal sclerites brown, membranes colourless. Cephalothorax yellow anteriorly, becoming gradually darker towards rear. Antennal segments 1-3 yellow, segments 4-6 brown, segment 7 dark brown. Thoracic and basal abdominal sclerites slightly darker than wing pads and caudal plate. Legs yellow, tarsi light brown.

Structure. Conforming to the generic description of Ossiannilsson (1992). Body (Fig. 34 ) 1.3 times as long as wide. Antenna 7-segmented, 1.0-1.1 times as long as forewing pad; segments 4-6 1.0 times as long as segment 7; lacking capitate setae on flagellum. Thoracic tergites small. Forewing pad broad, rounded apically, with a single long, thick, apically pointed marginal seta apically, lacking dorsal macroscopic setae; hindwing pad with 2 long, thick, apically pointed, marginal setae subapically, lacking dorsal macroscopic setae. Caudal plate 0.6-0.7 times as long as wide; lacking marginal sectasetae, with 5+5 long, and a few short and medium long marginal thick, apically pointed setae (Fig. 35 ), lacking dorsal macroscopic setae. Outer circumanal ring (Fig. 36 ) small, its length along longitudinal body axis much larger than its distance from caudal margin of caudal plate; circular, complete (closed) anteriorly; consisting of a single row of narrowly oval pores.

Measurements (in mm) (2 individuals). Body length 1.82-1.92; antennal length 0.80-0.84; length of forewing pad 0.78-0.80.

Etymology.

Named after its host, Myrsine .

Distribution.

Malaysia: Sabah, Gunung Kinabalu, at altitudes between 2600-3300 m.

Host plant, biology and habitat.

Myrsine dasyphylla Stapf ( Primulaceae ), an endemic of Borneo ( POWO 2023). Cacopsylla myrsines was found in Leptospermum and open Podocarpus / Leptospermum forests.

Comments.

Cacopsylla myrsines shares the slender genal processes which are as long as or longer than the coronal suture, the presence of a small genual spine and 1+3+1 apical spurs on the metatibiae, the lack of a distinct dark pattern on the forewings, the simple slender paramere, and the long female proctiger with a weakly sinuate dorsal margin with following species developing on Elaeagnaceae : Cacopsylla albiumbellatae (Li & Yang, 1987), C. bomihippophaes (Li & Yang, 1988), C. foliprominens Li, 2005, C. graciscapa Li, 2005, C. hippophaes (Foerster, 1848), C. jinaphippophae Li, 2011, C. longicornis Li & Yang, 1992, C. mucronulata Li, 2011, C. nasuta ( Horváth, 1904), C. nigraimaculata Li, 2011, C. qinlingielaeagnae Li, 2005, C. tingriana (Li & Yang, 1987), C. wushanelaeagna Li, 1997 and C. zetterstedti (Thomson, 1877). It differs from C. albiumbellatae , C. bomihippophaes , C. foliprominens , C. graciscapa , C. mucronulata , C. qinlingielaeagnae and C. nigraimaculata in the straight paramere, in lateral view (versus sinuate), from C. hippophaes , C. jinaphippophae , C. longicornis , C. nasuta and C. zetterstedti in the lens-shaped apical inflation of the distal segment of the aedeagus (versus hook-shaped), and from C. tingriana and C. wushanelaeagna in the relatively narrower forewings (forewing length/width ratio 2.5-2.6 versus 2.2-2.3). Immatures of C. myrsines differ from the species listed above, as far as their immatures are known, in the presence of thick, apically pointed (Fig. 35 ) rather than capitate (Fig. 38 ) marginal setae on the wing pads and caudal plate. Similar pointed marginal setae are also present in other Cacopsylla species associated with Elaeagnaceae ( C. elaeagni (Kuwayama, 1908) or C. fulguralis (Kuwayama, 1908)), Araliaceae ( C. fatsiae (Jensen, 1957), C. boninofatsiae Inoue & Miyatake, 2001)) or Lardizabalaceae ( C. coccinea (Kuwayama, 1908)). Cacopsylla myrsines differs from these species in details of the male and female terminalia. It is not known whether the Cacopsylla species associated with the three plant families are closely related phylogenetically.

Figures

Figures 1 - 8. Cacopsylla spp. 1, 3, 5, 7. Habitus, in lateral view; 2, 4, 6, 8. Head, in dorsal view; 1, 2. C. graciliforceps; 3, 4. C. kinabaluensis; 5, 6. C. myrsines; 7, 8. C. photiniae.

Figures 9 - 12. Cacopsylla spp., forewing. 9. C. graciliforceps; 10. C. kinabaluensis; 11. C. myrsines; 12. C. photiniae.

Figures 13 - 24. Cacopsylla spp., male terminalia. 13, 16, 19, 22. Male terminalia, in lateral view; 14, 17, 20, 23. Inner face of paramere; 15, 21, 24. Distal aedeagal segment, same scale as paramere; 18. apex of distal aedeagal segment. 13 - 15. C. graciliforceps; 16 - 18. C. kinabaluensis; 19 - 21. C. myrsines; 22 - 24. C. photiniae.

Figures 25 - 33. Cacopsylla spp., female terminalia. 25, 29, 32, 33. Female terminalia, in lateral view; 26. Distal part of circumanal ring, in dorsal view; 27, 30. Subapical portion of proctiger, in lateral view; 28, 31. Dorsal and ventral valvulae. 25 - 28. C. graciliforceps; 29 - 31. C. kinabaluensis; 32. C. myrsines; 33. C. photiniae.

Figures 34 - 39. Cacopsylla spp., fifth instar immature. 34, 37. Habitus, in dorsal view, left side; 35. Long, thick, apically pointed marginal seta; 38. Short dorsal capitate seta; 36, 39. Circumanal ring; 34 - 36. C. myrsines; 37 - 39. C. photiniae.