Calendula suffruticosa subsp. fulgida (Raf.) Guadagno (1922: 64)
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https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.605.1.1 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E82AFC0A-1563-CA41-66ED-F860835CFB4D |
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Plazi |
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scientific name |
Calendula suffruticosa subsp. fulgida (Raf.) Guadagno (1922: 64) |
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11e. Calendula suffruticosa subsp. fulgida (Raf.) Guadagno (1922: 64) View in CoL ; Ohle (1974: 265); Fennane & Ibn Tattou (1998: 24); Ibn Tattou & Fennane (2009: 29); Dobignard & Chatelain (2011: 189); Gonçalves et al. (2014: 272). Calendula fulgida Rafinesque (1810: 82) . Type:— ITALY. Sicily, Palermo, Escarpments da Monte Pellegrino (ex ipsissimo loco Rafinesquiano), 4 June 1847, Kralik s.n. (neotype P! [P04277642], designated here).
Description:––Perennial herbs. Stems (41) 46.8–71 (89) cm long, prostrate to decumbent, with glandular and non-glandular pubescence, mostly white-arachnoid towards the base. Basal leaves (6.2) 7.5–9.9 (10.8) × (1.4) 1.5–2 (3.3) cm, (0.1) 0.2–0.2 (0.3) mm thick, oblanceolate to spatulate, apex obtuse, or sometimes ± acute, margins sub-entire to sinuate-dentate, with glandular and non-glandular pubescence, white-arachnoid especially in the margins and midrib. Capitula solitary, (2.3) 2.6–3.2 (3.4) cm diameter. Outer achenes rostrate (17) 21.5–26.5 (29) × (1.2) 1.8–3.4 (3.8) mm, straight or slightly curved, with conspicuous dorsal spines averaging 2 mm long, sometimes with one teeth, at the base and/or at the apex; or bialate rostrate (15) 18.3–23.5 (29) × (7.5) 9.7–13 (15.2) mm, with a rostrum (5.3) 8.6–14.4 (15.2) mm, middle achenes cymbiform (5) 6.8–9.3 (11.7) × (6.5) 7.5–9.2 (11.5) mm, with ventral wings smaller than the lateral ones; inner achenes vermiculate-alate 5–6.2 (6.7) × (2.3) 2.5–3.4 (3.5) mm; or vermiculate-exalate (3.7) 3.8–4.2 (4.5) × (0.8) 1.3–1.5 mm, both circular. Figure 17 View FIGURE 17 .
Habitat and distribution:—Limestone rocks/cliffs, at c. 50–1200 m, in sub-humid Mediterranean bio-climate. In Morocco subsp. fulgida is distributed in the Béni Snassen Mountains. Elsewhere it is known to occur in Italy, Sicily and Malta ( Greuter (2006 + [2017]).
Conservation status:— Data Deficient (DD) . This taxon is under numerous threats, especially due to climate change (extreme weather), and development (tourism, leisure activities). In Morocco, subsp. fulgida is known from three populations in the Béni Snassen Mountains, but there may be others in this region. The number of mature individuals is estimated to be <250 based on field observations. Although the EOO is 11.26 km 2 (and would qualify for CR), and the AOO is 12 km 2 (and would qualify for EN) we propose that the status is DD because there is inadequate information to assess the extinction risk based on distribution and/or number of populations.
Chromosome number:— 2n = 32.
Genome size:—3.06 ± 0.21 pg.
Notes:— Calendula fulgida was described in 1810 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783–1840), a botanist (and polymath) who at the time has based in Sicily. Regrettably, most of Rafinesque’s herbarium is not extant. His early collections were lost in a shipwreck in 1815, when he was moving from Sicily to the U.S.A. ( Rafinesque 1836). So, the type of C. fulgida Rafinesque (1810: 82) has not been found and it is likely that it was lost in the referred shipwreck. Therefore, we designate a specimen collected by Kralik as neotype, which originates from the type locality.
Additional collections:— MOROCCO. Oriental: Berkane, Montes de Beni Snassen , estrada Zegzel entre Tazarhine e Takerboust, 54m [34°50’01” N, 2°22’17” W], 11 May 2014, P GoogleMaps . Silveira & A. C. R. S . Gonçalves 3335 ( AVE!); Berkane, Montes de Beni Snassen, estrada Zegzel proximo do Oued Zegzel , 260m [34°52’40” N, 2°21’20” W], 11 May 2014, P GoogleMaps . Silveira & A. C. R. S . Gonçalves 3336 ( AVE!) .
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Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants |
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Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum |
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University of Copenhagen |
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Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile |
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Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History |
| AVE |
Universidade de Aveiro |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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