Euura respondens ( Foerster , 1854)

Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew & Mutanen, Marko, 2021, Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84, pp. 187-269 : 187

Euura respondens ( Foerster, 1854)

Figs 5Q , 9C , 10A, G , 11J , 18 , 26D-F

Nematus respondens Förster, 1854b: 427-428. Type locality: Austria. Lectotype designated below.

Nematus nitens Thomson, 1888: 1212. Type locality: Sweden, Lund. Lectotype designated by Koch (2000). Mentioned as a synonym of Nematus respondens by Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev (1995).

Pteronus balassagloi Jakowlew, 1891: 23-24. Type locality: Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Lectotype designated by Zhelohovtsev (1976). Mentioned as a synonym of Nematus respondens by Zhelohovtsev (1976).

Nematus declaratus Muche, 1974: 105-107. Type locality: Uzbekistan, Fergana (HT). Syn. nov.

Nematus desantisi D.R. Smith, 1983: 260-262. Type locality: Argentina, Chubut, Valle del Rio Chubut (HT). Syn. nov.

Similar species.

Females are most similar to Euura oligospila group, E. bergmanni , and E. sylvestris . Head more rounded in dorsal view and lancet somewhat narrower compared to E. bergmanni . Ventral parts of 2nd to 4th suture of lancet are oblique and more or less straight or weakly curved apically in E. respondens , but weakly or distinctly curved basally in Euura oligospila group and E. sylvestris . Males distinguishable from other species by distinct penis valves.

Genetic data.

COI. Based on 10 specimens, maximum within species distance is 3.19% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 5.44%, is Euura viridis subgroup. BIN: BOLD:ABU8945.

Nuclear. Based on 3 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.18% (0.27% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 3.82%, is Euura viridis .

Host plants and behaviour.

Hosts: a large number of Salix species, as well as sometimes Populus species ( Dapoto and Giganti 1994; Koch and Smith 2000). Host records from the countries where E. respondens has become invasive are considered to be reliable, because no similar sawflies occur there, but records from Europe should be treated with caution, because the larvae of E. respondens and E. oligospila are apparently very similar. Up to six generations per year have been recorded, in Argentina ( Alderete et al. 2002).

Distribution.

Palaearctic, Neotropic, Afrotropic, Australasian ( Zhelohovcev 1976; Koch and Smith 2000; Taeger et al. 2006; Schmidt and Smith 2009; Caron et al. 2013, current data). Almost certainly also Nearctic and Oriental. Specimens studied are from Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Slovakia, Sweden, and Uzbekistan.

Type material.

Nematus respondens Förster, 1854b. Lectotype, here designated, ♂, GBIF-GISHym3404, ZSM. The specimen is completely destroyed and only one badly damaged penisvalve remains. However, the shape of the penis valve of this taxon is highly characteristic.

Nematus nitens Thomson, 1888. LT, ♀, DEI-GISHym88903, MZLU.

Pteronus balassagloi Jakowlew, 1891. Lectotype, ♂, DEI-GISHym30223, ZIN.

Nematus declaratus Muche, 1974. HT, ♂, GBIF-GISHym2826, ZMHB.

Figures

Fig ure 5. Characters of Euura hypoxantha, Euura bergmanni and Euura oligospila groups, females A Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84738 B Euura leptocephalus ZMUO. 033448 C Euura lienterica DEI-GISHym 21362 D Euura reticulata ZMUO. 033533 E Euura hypoxantha ZMUO. 035686 F Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 31135 G Euura viridis ZMUO. 035636 H Euura frenalis ZMUO. 035931 I Euura leptocephalus ZMUO. 033448 J Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 84214 K Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 84214 L Euura oligospila ZMUO. 040699 M Euura bergmanni ZMUO. 033423 N Euura bergmanni ZMUO. 040825 O Euura viridis ZMUO. 035636 P Euura sylvestris ZMUO. 038944 Q Euura respondens http: // coll. mfn-berlin. de / u / 111027 R Euura bergmanni DEI-GISHym 31138 S Euura sylvestris DEI-GISHym 21351 T Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 88899.

Figure 9. Lancets of Euura oligospila and Euura bergmanni groups. A Euura frenalis DEI-GISHym 31132 B Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 88899 C Euura respondens DEI-GISHym 11597 D Euura sylvestris PR. 574 VV.

Fig ure 10. Characters of Euura bergmanni and Euura oligospila groups, males. A Euura respondens DEI-GISHym 84697 B Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84695 C Euura frenalis ZMUO. 033184 D Euura viridis DEI-GISHym 84547 E Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 11624 F Euura bergmanni DEI-GISHym 84689 G Euura respondens DEI-GISHym 84697 H Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84695 I Euura brevivalvis ZMUO. 039090 J Euura bergmanni DEI-GISHym 84689 K Euura sylvestris ZMUO. 035654 L Euura oligospila DEI-GISHym 84695.

Figure 11. Penis valves of Euura bergmanni group. A Euura bergmanni ZMUO. 032583 B Euura dispar DEI-GISHym 88519 C Euura viridis ZMUO. 030834 D Euura brevivalvis DEI-GISHym 84227 E Euura brevivalvis ZMUO. 030870 F Euura sylvestris DEI-GISHym 83594 G Euura sylvestris ZMUO. 033416 H Euura glutinosae DEI-GISHym 84096 I Euura leptocephalus DEI-GISHym 88730 J Euura respondens DEI-GISHym 12514.

Figure 18. Euura respondens adults. Female ZMUO. 032711 (A, B), male ZMUO. 032712 (C, D).

Figure 26. Euura oligospila (A-C) and possible Euura respondens (D-F) larvae from Salix fragilis (unconfirmed). A Finland 2018 Salix caprea B, C Sweden 2018 swept larva D Finland 2020 Salix fragilis E, F Finland 2020 Salix fragilis. Larva of Euura respondens remain unconfirmed but adults of this species occurred at exactly the same spot as the larva D