Phytomia austeni, Meyer & Goergen & Jordaens, 2020
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0C0F5754-9530-4072-AF45-BDFE4A8A2B57 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7389C49-209A-453B-8913-12A1DDA0ABA6 |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7389C49-209A-453B-8913-12A1DDA0ABA6 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Phytomia austeni |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Phytomia austeni View in CoL sp. nov.
( Figs 6 View FIGURES 1–10 , 32 View FIGURES 29–36 , 43–44 View FIGURES 37–48 , 68 View FIGURES 61–72 , 89 View FIGURES 85–100 )
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7389C49-209A-453B-8913-12A1DDA0ABA6
Material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂, TOGO, Kloto , March 2002, G. Goergen ( KMMA) . PARATYPES: BENIN, 1♀, Aplaoué , February 2006 ; 1♀, Pénéssoulou, November 2003, all G. Goergen ( IITA) . GHANA, 1♂, Cape Coast , December 2004 , G. Goergen ( IITA) ; 1♀, Wati Waterfalls, February 2003, G. Goergen ( IITA) . SIERRA LEONE, 1♀, 1858, J. Foxcroft ( CNC) ; 1♂, Clements ( BMNH) (both as syntypes of P. bulligera ) . TOGO, Kloto , 1♀, Au- gust 2003; 1♂, October 2003; 3♂ 1♀, January 2004; 2♂ 3♀, February 2004; 2♂ 4♀, March 2004; 7♂ 2♀, April 2004; 1♂, November 2004; 2♂ 1♀, December 2004; 2♂, February 2005; 1♂ 1♀, March 2005; 1♀, November 2005; 2♂, May 2006; 2♂ 4♀, October 2007; 1♂, January 2008; 1♂, July 2008; 1♂, August 2015; 1♀, December 2016, all G. Goergen ( IITA) . Holotype deposited in KMMA, paratypes in collections of AMNH, BMNH, CNC, IITA, and KMMA. Associated material (not included in type series; females only) CONGO (DR), 1♀, Bambesa, 1.X.1938, J. Vrydagh ( KMMA); 1♀, Dekese, Itunda, Kasai, 3.II.1960, F.J. François ( KBIN); 1♀, Flandria, Tshuapa, 18.X.1945, P. Hulstaert ( KMMA); 1♀, Gamangui, February 1910, Lang & Chapin ( AMNH); 1♀, Manyema, R. Mayné ( KMMA); 1♀, Medje, Ituri, September 1910, Lang & Chapin ( KMMA); 1♀, Nyangwe, 20.XII.1910, Be- quaert ( KMMA) (labelled as holotype of P. pubipennis but see Comments under P. pubipennis ) .
Body size. Body length (n=10): 22.4– 13.2 mm. Wing length (n=10): 8.9–10.0 mm.
Description. MALE ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 1–10 ). Head. Eye bare; holoptic, touching for 2–3 times length of ocellar triangle, facets enlarged in dorsal half. Frons brown to black; with greyish brown pollinosity; dispersed pilosity of medium long pale pile; rugose area shining black, occupying one-third of entire width and two-fifths of entire height; with shorter dispersed pale pile. Face ground colour black; with dispersed greyish to greyish brown pollinosity, in parts weakly shining black; dispersed pilosity of short pale pile; facial tubercle elongated, strongly pronounced. Gena colour and pollinosity as face; with long pale pilosity. Occiput dorsal third black, with greyish pollinosity; ventrally more densely yellow-white, with dispersed pale pile. Antennal segments brown to black-brown; arista yellow-brown, in basal half with medium long pile equal to width of pedicel.
Thorax. Scutum and scutellum black ground colour, with dense orange-brown pollinosity; covered with dense pile of long orange to orange-brown pilosity. Pleural sclerites ground colour black, with greyish brown pollinosity; covered with dispersed pile of long golden yellow to orange pile except meron, anterior part of katepisternum and anterior anepisternum.
Legs. Yellow-orange to black-brown. Fore leg, femur black brown, apical margin narrowly paler; with dense short black pilosity, anteriorly and posteriorly longer, in few specimens also partially paler at base; tibia pale in basal third, otherwise orange-brown; with short black pilosity, except in basal third where pale; tarsal segments yelloworange. Mid leg as in fore leg, except tibia pale for basal half, and pilosity pale over entire length; sometimes pilosity on femur more golden yellow basally, especially along posterior part. Hind leg ( Fig. 32 View FIGURES 29–36 ), femur slightly thickened; black-brown, at extremities narrowly paler; dorsally with long pale pilosity, ventrally with long dark pilosity, towards base paler; tibia orange-brown to black brown, pale at basal tip; dorsally with short pale to golden yellow pilosity, ventrally with short to medium-long dense black pilosity; tarsal segments yellow-orange.
Wing (fig. 43). Mainly hyaline. Microtrichia along base; also patch in medial part of wing anteriorly from apex of vein Sc, posteriorly along medial part of cell r 1, basal part of cell r 2+3, and into cell r where it reaches the junction of vein M with crossvein bm-cu; otherwise with faint streaks of microtrichia in cells c, bm, cup, r 1 and r 2+3. Calypters dark with fringe of dark pile.
Abdomen ( Fig. 68 View FIGURES 61–72 ). Mainly orange-brown to brown ground colour. Terga 2–4 with darker medial bulla; pilosity with dispersed short to medium long pale pile, longer along margins. Sterna black-brown, with widely dispersed long pale pile. Male genitalia as in Fig. 89 View FIGURES 85–100 .
FEMALE. As male except for the following character states. Eye, facets of equal size; dichoptic. Frons black ground colour; with greyish brown pollinosity, except in dorsal third where dark brown; covered with short dispersed pale to yellow-orange pilosity; rugose area shining black-brown; occupying one-third of entire width and equal in height to at most twice length of ocellar triangle. Face near antennal insertion more orange-brown. Wing ( Fig. 44 View FIGURES 37–48 ) more extensively covered with microtrichia, covering most of wing surface except along posterior margin; giving wing a darker appearance, medial patch along cross-vein r-m more densely covered.
Diagnosis. Recognizable by the black fringe on the ventral calypter in both sexes and the extensive mictrotrichose covering in the female wing.
Distribution. Benin, Congo (DR), Ghana, Sierra Leone, Togo.
Etymology. Named after the dipterist Ernest E. Austen (1867–1938) who, when describing P. bulligera , already indicated that some specimens where deviant in morphological characters, which led to the description of this new species. The specific epithet should be treated as a noun in the genitive case.
Comments. When describing P. bulligera, Austen (1909) already indicated that the male specimen collected in Sierra Leone deviated in abdominal coloration from the male type specimen from Uganda. After morphological examination of long series, the former specimen turned out to belong to a different species described here and that differs from P. bulligera by the following main characteristics: ventral calypter with fringe of black pile (fringe of pale pile in P. bulligera ), abdominal tergum 2 along anterior margin at most with dispersed short white pile anterolaterally (with conspicuous long white pile along whole anterior margin, distinctly widened anterolaterally in P. bulligera ), and female with microtrichosity very extensive covering most of the wing surface except along posterior margin (microtrichosity restricted to base, anterior margin and weakly developed medial patch in P. bulligera ). DNA barcoding showed that specimens of both species clustered into different groups. The mean p-distance between both species is 9.6 % and much higher than both mean intraspecific p-distances (0.2 % for P. bulligera ; 0.1 % for P. austeni ) and well above the mean interspecific p-distance for Phytomia (6.6 %), confirming the morphological differentiation. A number of females are not included in the type series. They originate from Congo (DR), geographically distinct from the main series which originates from western Africa. As this material is relatively old and the majority in poor condition, no DNA could be extracted to verify whether they would group in the P. austeni clade.
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